United States presidential election, 2016

United States presidential election, 2016

November 8, 2016

538 members of the Electoral College 270 electoral votes needed to win Turnout 54.2%[1] 0.7 pp   Nominee Donald Trump Hillary Clinton Party Republican Democratic Home state New York New York Running mate Mike Pence Tim Kaine Projected electoral vote 306[2] 232[2] States carried 30 + ME-02 20 + DC Popular vote 62,686,675[2] 65,240,114[2] Percentage 46.1%[2] 48.0%[2]

Presidential election results map. Red denotes states projected for Trump/Pence; Blue denotes those projected for Clinton/Kaine; Numbers indicate electoral votes allotted to the winner of each state. The electoral college will vote on December 19, 2016.

President before election Barack Obama Democratic President-elect Donald Trump Republican

2016 U.S. presidential election
Timeline General election debates Parties Electors Vote pairing Polling national statewide by demographics international Newspaper endorsements primary general International reactions Recount and audit
Democratic Party
Primaries Candidates Debates and forums National polling Statewide polling Straw polls Endorsements Results Nominee Convention Superdelegates
Republican Party
Primaries Candidates Debates and forums National polling Statewide polling Straw polls Endorsements Results Nominee Convention
Third parties Third party and independent candidates Libertarian Party primaries debates nominee convention Green Party primaries debates nominee convention Constitution Party primaries nominee Independents McMullin
Other races House Senate Gubernatorial Vice-presidential (Dem. Rep.)

The United States presidential election of 2016 was the 58th and most recent quadrennial American presidential election, held on Tuesday, November 8, 2016. Businessman Donald Trump and Governor Mike Pence, running on the Republican ticket, defeated the Democratic Party's nominees former Secretary of State Hillary Clinton and Senator Tim Kaine. President Barack Obama could not run again due to term limits put in place by the Twenty-second Amendment to the United States Constitution.

Voters selected presidential electors, who in turn will vote, based on the results of their jurisdiction, for a new president and vice president through the Electoral College on December 19, 2016.^[3] By early morning November 9, 2016, initial vote counts indicated that Trump was projected to obtain over 270 electoral votes, a majority of the 538 electors in the electoral college required to make him the president-elect of the United States.^[4][5] The victory, considered unlikely by most pre-election forecasts,^[6][7] was characterized by various news organizations as an "upset" and the most "shocking" American presidential election result since Harry Truman's upset victory in 1948.^[8][9] Trump is expected to take office as the 45th President on January 20, 2017; Pence is expected to take office as the 48th Vice President.

Despite leading the popular vote by more than 2.5 million votes, 1.9% of all votes cast,^[2] Clinton is projected to lose the Electoral College by 74 votes, with 30 states and Maine's 2nd congressional district going to Trump, and 20 states and the District of Columbia going to Clinton.^{[lower-alpha 1]} Trump will be the fifth person, after the winning candidates of the 1824, 1876, 1888, and 2000 elections, to become president despite losing the nationwide popular vote.^{[lower-alpha 2]}

The 2016 election marked the first time in American presidential history that a candidate was elected without any prior experience in public service, and the first time a woman was nominated by a major party. The election was also the third time both major party nominees' home state was New York, and the fourth time the president-elect lost his home state but won the election.^{[lower-alpha 3]} The estimated 136.2 million votes cast for president surpassed the 2008 election in being the largest number of votes cast in a presidential election in American history.^[14] With 62.7 million votes, Trump received more votes than any other Republican candidate in history. With 65.2 million votes, Clinton received more votes than any candidate other than the incumbent Obama in 2008 and 2012.^[2]

A total of 29 third party and independent presidential candidates appeared on the ballot in at least one state. Favorite son independents Evan McMullin and Senator Bernie Sanders received 21.4% and 5.7% of the vote in their home states; Sanders received the highest write-in draft campaign percentage for a statewide presidential candidate in history.^[15] Former Governor of New Mexico Gary Johnson and physician Jill Stein repeated their 2012 roles as the nominees for the Libertarian Party and the Green Party, respectively.^[16] With ballot access to the entire national electorate, Johnson acquired 4.5 million votes, the highest nationwide vote share for a third-party candidate since Ross Perot in 1996,^[17] while Stein received 1.4 million votes, the most for a Green nominee since Ralph Nader in 2000.

Aside from Florida, the states which secured Trump's victory are situated in the Great Lakes/Rust Belt region. Wisconsin went Republican for the first time since 1984, while Pennsylvania and Michigan went Republican for the first time since 1988.^[18][19][20] This election also marks the first time since 1968 that the winner did not carry their home state. Stein petitioned for a recount in these states, which is currently underway in Wisconsin and scheduled to begin in Michigan; the recount effort in Pennsylvania was later dropped. The Clinton campaign pledged to participate in the recount efforts, while Trump backers are challenging the effort in court.^[21][22][23]

Background

Article Two of the United States Constitution provides that the President and Vice President of the United States must be natural-born citizens of the United States, at least 35 years old, and residents of the United States for a period of at least 14 years. Candidates for the presidency typically seek the nomination of one of the political parties of the United States, in which case each party devises a method (such as a primary election) to choose the candidate the party deems best suited to run for the position. Traditionally, the primary elections are indirect elections where voters cast ballots for a slate of party delegates pledged to a particular candidate. The party's delegates then officially nominate a candidate to run on the party's behalf. The general election in November is also an indirect election, where voters cast ballots for a slate of members of the Electoral College; these electors in turn directly elect the President and Vice President.

President Barack Obama, a Democrat and former U.S. Senator from Illinois, was ineligible to seek reelection to a third term due to restrictions of the Twenty-second Amendment; in accordance with Section I of the Twentieth Amendment, his term expires at 12 noon on January 20, 2017.

2008 presidential election

In the 2008 election, Obama was elected president, defeating the Republican nominee, Senator John McCain of Arizona, with 53% of the popular vote to McCain's 46%, and 68% of the electoral vote,^[24][25] succeeding two-term Republican President George W. Bush, the former Governor of Texas. Since the end of 2009, Obama's first year in office, polling companies such as Gallup have found Obama's approval ratings to be between 40–50%.^[26][27]

2010 midterm elections

In the 2010 midterm elections, the Democratic Party suffered significant losses in Congress; the Republicans gained 63 seats in the House of Representatives – taking back control of the chamber in the process – and six seats in the Senate, though short of achieving a majority. As a result of the Republicans' recapture of the House after losing it to the Democrats in the 2006 midterm elections, John Boehner became the 53rd Speaker of the House of Representatives, making Obama the first President in 16 years to lose the House of Representatives in the first half of his first term, in an election that was characterized by the economy's slow recovery, and the rise of the Tea Party movement.^[28]

2012 presidential election

In the 2012 presidential election, Obama defeated former Governor of Massachusetts Mitt Romney with 51% of the popular vote and 62% of the electoral vote.^[29] Meanwhile, despite minor losses, Republicans retained their majority of seats in the House of Representatives while Democrats increased their majority in the Senate.^[25]

Speculation about the 2016 campaign began almost immediately following the 2012 campaign, with New York magazine declaring the race had begun in an article published on November 8, two days after the 2012 election.^[30] On the same day, Politico released an article predicting the 2016 general election would be between Clinton and former Governor of Florida Jeb Bush, while a New York Times article named Governor of New Jersey Chris Christie and New Jersey Senator Cory Booker as potential candidates.^[31][32]

2014 midterm elections

In the 2014 midterm elections, voter turnout was the lowest since 1942: 36% of eligible voters voted.^[33] The Republicans retained control of the House of Representatives, increasing their majority to its largest since March 4, 1929,^[34] and gained a majority in the Senate.^[35]

Primary process

The series of presidential primary elections and caucuses took place between February and June 2016, staggered among the 50 states, the District of Columbia and U.S. territories. This nominating process was also an indirect election, where voters cast ballots for a slate of delegates to a political party's nominating convention, who in turn elected their party's presidential nominee. Businessman and reality television personality Donald Trump became the Republican Party's presidential nominee on July 19, 2016, after defeating Senator Ted Cruz of Texas, and 15 other major candidates in the Republican primary elections.^[36] Former Secretary of State and Senator for New York Hillary Clinton became the Democratic Party's presidential nominee on July 26, 2016, after defeating Senator Bernie Sanders of Vermont.^[37] Both Clinton and Trump were seen unfavorably by the general public.^[38]

Republican Party

Primaries

This article is part of a series about Donald Trump
Business career Political positions President of the United States Elect International reactions Transition Inauguration Cabinet Presidency First 100 days SCOTUS candidates Appointments Campaign for the Presidency 2016 Primaries Convention Endorsements Protests Stop Trump movement Campaign for the Presidency 2000 The Trump Organization  Real estate  New York properties Trump Tower Trump Building (40 Wall Street) Trump Parc Trump Park Avenue Trump SoHo Trump Village Trump World Tower Central Park Carousel Wollman Rink Hotels Chicago Honolulu Las Vegas New York Washington Panama Toronto Vancouver Mar-a-Lago resort Plaza Hotel (sold) Grand Hyatt New York (sold) Name licensing Riverside South / Trump Place Trump Palace Trump Plaza Trump Tower Golf courses  Los Angeles Miami "Doral" Washington Bedminster Ferry Point Pine Hill Westchester Doonbeg Turnberry Other ventures  Miss Universe (sold) Trump Models Trump Productions Trump Winery Miscellaneous Family Eponyms Foundation Legal affairs Sexual misconduct allegations The Apprentice franchise Films Books The Art of the Deal Crippled America

This article is part of a series about Mike Pence
Political ideology Republican Party Vice President of the United States Elect Trump-Pence campaign Selection Convention Primaries Election 2016 Governor of Indiana Incumbent 2012 election Religious Freedom Restoration Act U.S. Representative Indiana's 2nd (2001–03) 6th (2003–13)

Seventeen major candidates entered the race starting March 23, 2015, when Senator Ted Cruz from Texas was the first to announce his candidacy: former Governor Jeb Bush of Florida, retired neurosurgeon Ben Carson from Maryland, Governor Chris Christie of New Jersey, businesswoman Carly Fiorina from California, former Governor Jim Gilmore of Virginia, Senator Lindsey Graham from South Carolina, former Governor Mike Huckabee of Arkansas, former Governor Bobby Jindal of Louisiana, Governor John Kasich of Ohio, former Governor George Pataki of New York, Senator Rand Paul from Kentucky, former Governor Rick Perry of Texas, Senator Marco Rubio from Florida, former Senator Rick Santorum from Pennsylvania, businessman Donald Trump from New York and Governor Scott Walker of Wisconsin. This was the largest presidential primary field for any political party in American history.^[39]

Prior to the Iowa caucuses on February 1, 2016, Perry, Walker, Jindal, Graham and Pataki withdrew due to low polling numbers. Despite leading many polls in Iowa, Trump came in second to Cruz, after which Huckabee, Paul and Santorum withdrew due to poor performances at the ballot box. Following a sizable victory for Trump in the New Hampshire primary, Christie, Fiorina and Gilmore abandoned the race. Bush followed suit after scoring fourth place to Trump, Rubio and Cruz in South Carolina. On March 1, 2016, the first of four "Super Tuesday" primaries, Rubio won his first contest in Minnesota, Cruz won Alaska, Oklahoma and his home of Texas and Trump won the other seven states that voted. Failing to gain traction, Carson suspended his campaign a few days later.^[40] On March 15, 2016, the second "Super Tuesday", Kasich won his only contest in his home state of Ohio and Trump won five primaries including Florida. Rubio suspended his campaign after losing his home state,^[41] but retained a large share of his delegates for the national convention, which he released to Trump.^[41]

Between March 16 and May 3, 2016, only three candidates remained in the race: Trump, Cruz and Kasich. Cruz won most delegates in four Western contests and in Wisconsin, keeping a credible path to denying Trump the nomination on first ballot with 1,237 delegates. Trump then augmented his lead by scoring landslide victories in New York and five Northeastern states in April and he grabbed all 57 delegates in the Indiana primary of May 3, 2016. Without any further chances of forcing a contested convention, both Cruz^[42] and Kasich^[43] suspended their campaigns. Trump remained the only active candidate and was declared the presumptive Republican nominee by Republican National Committee chairman Reince Priebus on the evening of May 3, 2016.^[44]

Nominees

Republican Party ticket, 2016
Donald Trump	Mike Pence
for President	for Vice President
Chairman of The Trump Organization (1971–present)	50th Governor of Indiana (2013–present)
Campaign
[45][46][47]

Other major candidates

Major candidates were determined by the various media based on common consensus. The following were invited to sanctioned televised debates based on their poll ratings.

Trump received 14,010,177 total votes in the primary. Trump, Cruz, Rubio and Kasich each won at least one primary, with Trump receiving the highest number of votes and Ted Cruz receiving the second highest.

Candidates in this section are sorted by reverse date of withdrawal from the primaries
John Kasich	Ted Cruz	Marco Rubio	Ben Carson	Jeb Bush	Jim Gilmore	Carly Fiorina	Chris Christie
69th Governor of Ohio (2011–present)	U.S. Senator from Texas (2013–present)	U.S. Senator from Florida (2011–present)	Dir. of Pediatric Neurosurgery, Johns Hopkins Hospital (1984–2013)	43rd Governor of Florida (1999–2007)	68th Governor of Virginia (1998–2002)	CEO of Hewlett-Packard (1999–2005)	55th Governor of New Jersey (2010–present)
Campaign	Campaign	Campaign	Campaign	Campaign	Campaign	Campaign	Campaign
W: May 4 4,287,479 votes	W: May 3 7,811,110 votes	W: Mar 15 3,514,124 votes	W: Mar 4 857,009 votes	W: Feb 20 286,634 votes	W: Feb 12 18,364 votes	W: Feb 10 40,577 votes	W: Feb 10 57,634 votes
[48]	[49][50][51]	[52][53][54]	[55][56][57]	[58][59]	[60][61]	[62][63]	[64][65]
Rand Paul	Rick Santorum	Mike Huckabee	George Pataki	Lindsey Graham	Bobby Jindal	Scott Walker	Rick Perry
U.S. Senator from Kentucky (2011–present)	U.S. Senator from Pennsylvania (1995–2007)	44th Governor of Arkansas (1996–2007)	53rd Governor of New York (1995–2006)	U.S. Senator from South Carolina (2003–present)	55th Governor of Louisiana (2008–2016)	45th Governor of Wisconsin (2011–present)	47th Governor of Texas (2000–2015)
Campaign	Campaign	Campaign	Campaign	Campaign	Campaign	Campaign	Campaign
W: Feb 3 66,781 votes	W: Feb 3 16,622 votes	W: Feb 1 51,436 votes	W: December 29, 2015 2,036 votes	W: December 21, 2015 5,666 votes	W: November 17, 2015 222 votes	W: September 21, 2015 1 write-in vote in New Hampshire	W: September 11, 2015 1 write-in vote in New Hampshire
[66][67][68]	[69][70]	[71][72]	[73]	[74][75]	[76][77]	[78][79][80]	[80][81][82]

Vice presidential selection

Donald Trump turned his attention towards selecting a running mate after he became the presumptive nominee on May 4, 2016.^[83] In mid-June, Eli Stokols and Burgess Everett of Politico reported that the Trump campaign was considering New Jersey Governor Chris Christie, former Speaker of the House Newt Gingrich from Georgia, Senator Jeff Sessions of Alabama, and Oklahoma Governor Mary Fallin.^[84] A June 30 Washington Post report also included Senators Bob Corker from Tennessee, Richard Burr from North Carolina, Tom Cotton from Arkansas, Joni Ernst from Iowa, and Indiana Governor Mike Pence as individuals still being considered for the ticket.^[85] Trump also stated that he was considering two military generals for the position, including retired Lieutenant General Michael Flynn.^[86]

In July 2016, it was reported that Trump had narrowed his list of possible running mates down to three: Christie, Gingrich, and Pence.^[87]

On July 14, 2016, several major media outlets reported that Trump had selected Pence as his running mate. Trump confirmed these reports in a message on Twitter on July 15, 2016, and formally made the announcement the following day in New York.^[88][89] On July 19, the second night of the 2016 Republican National Convention, Pence won the Republican vice presidential nomination by acclamation.^[90]

Democratic Party

Primaries

This article is part of a series about Hillary Clinton
Political positions Electoral history Clinton Foundation State Department controversy U.S. Secretary of State Tenure Obama's foreign policy QDDR Email controversy Hillary Doctrine Campaign for the presidency 2008 Primaries Endorsements Campaign for the presidency 2016 Primaries Convention Endorsements Potential SCOTUS candidates U.S. Senator from New York Tenure 2000 election 2006 re-election First Lady of the United States Role Health care plan SCHIP Whitewater and other investigations Response to Lewinsky scandal Awards and honors Books

This article is part of a series about Tim Kaine
Political ideology Democratic Party Democratic National Committee Vice presidential nomination Convention Primaries Election 2016 U.S. Senator from Virginia 2012 election Governor of Virginia 2005 election

Former Secretary of State Hillary Clinton, who also served in the U.S. Senate and was the First Lady of the United States, became the first Democrat to formally launch a major candidacy for the presidency. Clinton made the announcement on April 12, 2015, via a video message.^[91] While nationwide opinion polls in 2015 indicated that Clinton was the front-runner for the 2016 Democratic presidential nomination, she faced challenges from Independent Senator Bernie Sanders of Vermont,^[92] who became the second major candidate when he formally announced on April 30, 2015, that he was running for the Democratic nomination.^[93] September 2015 polling numbers indicated a narrowing gap between Clinton and Sanders.^[92][94][95] On May 30, 2015, former Governor of Maryland Martin O'Malley was the third major candidate to enter the Democratic primary race,^[96] followed by former Independent Governor and Republican Senator of Rhode Island Lincoln Chafee on June 3, 2015,^[97][98] former Virginia Senator Jim Webb on July 2, 2015,^[99] and former Harvard law professor Lawrence Lessig on September 6, 2015.^[100]

On October 20, 2015, Webb announced his withdrawal from the Democratic primaries, and explored a potential Independent run.^[101] The next day Vice-President Joe Biden decided not to run, ending months of speculation, stating, "While I will not be a candidate, I will not be silent."^[102][103] On October 23, Chafee withdrew, stating that he hoped for "an end to the endless wars and the beginning of a new era for the United States and humanity".^[104] On November 2, after failing to qualify for the second DNC-sanctioned debate after adoption of a rule change negated polls which before might have necessitated his inclusion in the debate, Lessig withdrew as well, narrowing the field to Clinton, O'Malley, and Sanders.^[105]

On February 1, 2016, in an extremely close contest, Clinton won the Iowa caucuses by a margin of 0.2 points over Sanders. After winning no delegates in Iowa, O'Malley withdrew from the presidential race that day. On February 9, Sanders bounced back to win the New Hampshire primary with 60% of the vote. In the remaining two February contests, Clinton won the Nevada caucuses with 53% of the vote and scored a decisive victory in the South Carolina primary with 73% of the vote.^[106][107] On March 1, 11 states participated in the first of four "Super Tuesday" primaries. Clinton won Alabama, Arkansas, Georgia, Massachusetts, Tennessee, Texas, and Virginia and 504 pledged delegates, while Sanders won Colorado, Minnesota, Oklahoma and his home state of Vermont and 340 delegates. The following weekend, Sanders won victories in Kansas, Nebraska and Maine with 15–30-point margins, while Clinton won the Louisiana primary with 71% of the vote. On March 8, despite never having a lead in the Michigan primary, Sanders won by a small margin of 1.5 points and outperforming polls by over 19 points, while Clinton won 83% of the vote in Mississippi.^[108] On March 15, the second "Super Tuesday", Clinton won in Florida, Illinois, Missouri, North Carolina and Ohio. Between March 22 and April 9, 2016, Sanders won six caucuses in Idaho, Utah, Alaska, Hawaii, Washington and Wyoming, as well as the Wisconsin primary, while Clinton won the Arizona primary. On April 19, Clinton won the New York primary with 58% of the vote. On April 26, in the third "Super Tuesday" dubbed the "Acela primary", she won contests in Connecticut, Delaware, Maryland and Pennsylvania, while Sanders won in Rhode Island. Over the course of May, Sanders accomplished another surprise win in the Indiana primary^[109] and also won in West Virginia and Oregon, while Clinton won the Guam caucus and Kentucky primary.

On June 4 and 5, Clinton won two victories in the Virgin Islands caucus and Puerto Rico primary. On June 6, 2016, the Associated Press and NBC News reported that Clinton had become the presumptive nominee after reaching the required number of delegates, including pledged delegates and superdelegates, to secure the nomination, becoming the first woman to ever clinch the presidential nomination of a major United States political party.^[110] On June 7, Clinton secured a majority of pledged delegates after winning primaries in California, New Jersey, New Mexico and South Dakota, while Sanders only won in Montana and North Dakota. Clinton also won the final primary in the District of Columbia on June 14. At the conclusion of the primary process, Clinton had won 2,204 pledged delegates (54% of the total) awarded by the primary elections and caucuses, while Sanders had won 1,847 (46%). Out of the 714 unpledged delegates or "superdelegates" who were set to vote in the convention in July, Clinton received endorsements from 560 (78%), while Sanders received 47 (7%).^[111]

Although Sanders had not formally dropped out of the race, he announced on June 16, 2016, that his main goal in the coming months would be to work with Clinton to defeat Trump in the general election.^[112] On July 8, appointees from the Clinton campaign, the Sanders campaign, and the Democratic National Committee negotiated a draft of the party's platform.^[113] On July 12, Sanders formally endorsed Clinton at a rally in New Hampshire in which he appeared with Clinton.^[114] On July 22, three days before the start of the Democratic National Convention, the Clinton campaign announced that Virginia Senator Tim Kaine had been selected as her running mate.

Nominees

Democratic Party ticket, 2016
Hillary Clinton	Tim Kaine
for President	for Vice President
67th U.S. Secretary of State (2009–2013)	U.S. Senator from Virginia (2013–present)
Campaign
[115][116][117]

Other major candidates

The following candidates were frequently interviewed by major broadcast networks and cable news channels, or were listed in publicly published national polls. Lessig was invited to one forum, but withdrew when rules were changed which prevented him from participating in officially sanctioned debates.

Clinton received 16,849,779 votes in the primary.

Candidates in this section are sorted by date of withdrawal from the primaries
Bernie Sanders	Rocky De La Fuente	Martin O'Malley	Lawrence Lessig	Lincoln Chafee	Jim Webb
U.S. Senator from Vermont (2007–present)	Entrepreneur (1984 to present)	61st Governor of Maryland (2007–2015)	Harvard Law Professor (2009–2016)	74th Governor of Rhode Island (2011–2015)	U.S. Senator from Virginia (2007–2013)
Campaign	Campaign	Campaign	Campaign	Campaign	Campaign
LN: July 26, 2016 13,167,848 primary votes and 1,846 delegates	LN: July 26, 2016 67,457 primary votes and 0 delegates	W: February 1, 2016 110,423 votes	W: November 2, 2015 4 write-in votes in New Hampshire	W: October 23, 2015 0 votes	W: October 20, 2015 2 write-in votes in New Hampshire
[118]	[119]	[120][121]	[105]	[122]	[123]

Vice presidential selection

In April 2016, the Clinton campaign began to compile a list of 15 to 20 individuals to vet for the position of running mate, even though Sanders continued to challenge Clinton in the Democratic primaries.^[124] In mid-June, The Wall Street Journal reported that Clinton's shortlist included Representative Xavier Becerra from California, Senator Cory Booker from New Jersey, Senator Sherrod Brown from Ohio, Housing and Urban Development Secretary Julián Castro from Texas, Mayor of Los Angeles Eric Garcetti from California, Senator Tim Kaine from Virginia, Labor Secretary Tom Perez from Maryland, Representative Tim Ryan from Ohio, and Senator Elizabeth Warren from Massachusetts.^[125] Subsequent reports stated that Clinton was also considering Secretary of Agriculture Tom Vilsack, retired Admiral James Stavridis, and Governor John Hickenlooper of Colorado.^[126] In discussing her potential vice presidential choice, Clinton stated that the most important attribute she looked for was the ability and experience to immediately step into the role of president.^[126]

On July 22, Clinton announced that she had chosen Senator Tim Kaine from Virginia as her running mate.^[127] The delegates at the 2016 Democratic National Convention, which took place July 25–28, formally nominated the Democratic ticket.

Third parties and independents

Third party and independent candidates that have obtained more than 100,000 votes nationally and one percent of the vote in at least one state, are listed separately.

Libertarian Party

• Gary Johnson, 29th Governor of New Mexico. Vice-presidential nominee: Bill Weld, 68th Governor of Massachusetts

Green Party

• Jill Stein, Physician from Lexington, Massachusetts. Vice-presidential nominee: Ajamu Baraka, Activist from Washington, D.C.

Independents

• Evan McMullin, Chief policy director for the House Republican Conference. Vice-presidential nominee: Mindy Finn, President of Empowered Women

Constitution Party

• Darrell Castle, Attorney from Memphis, Tennessee. Vice-presidential nominee: Scott Bradley, Businessman from Utah

Other nominations

Candidates gallery

• 

  Gary Johnson
  (campaign)

• 

  Jill Stein
  (campaign)

• 

  Evan McMullin
  (campaign)

• 

  Darrell Castle
  (campaign)

Campaigns

Ballot access

Presidential ticket	Party	Ballot access			Votes[2]	Percentage
		States	Electors	% of voters
Trump / Pence	Republican	50 + DC	538	100%	62,676,271	46.15%
Clinton / Kaine	Democratic	50 + DC	538	100%	65,223,761	48.02%
Johnson / Weld	Libertarian	50 + DC	538	100%	4,460,146	3.28%
Stein / Baraka	Green	44 + DC	480	89%	1,432,067	1.05%
McMullin / Finn	Independent	11	84	15%	629,369	0.46%
Castle / Bradley	Constitution	24	207	39%	197,409	0.15%

• Candidates in bold were on ballots representing 270 electoral votes, without needing write-in states.
• All other candidates were on the ballots of fewer than 25 states, but had write-in access greater than 270.

• 

  Jill Stein
  ballot access

• 

  Evan McMullin
  ballot access

• 

  Darrell Castle
  ballot access

Party conventions

Democratic Party

• July 25–28, 2016: Democratic National Convention was held in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania.^[204]

Republican Party

• July 18–21, 2016: Republican National Convention was held in Cleveland, Ohio.^[205][206]

Libertarian Party

• May 26–30, 2016: Libertarian National Convention was held in Orlando, Florida.^[207][208]

Green Party

• August 4–7, 2016: Green National Convention was held in Houston, Texas.^[209][210]

Constitution Party

• April 13–16, 2016: Constitution Party National Convention was held in Salt Lake City, Utah.^[211]

Campaign finance

This is an overview of the money used in the campaign as it is reported to Federal Election Commission (FEC) and released in September 2016. Outside groups are independent expenditure only committees—also called PACs and SuperPACs. The sources of the numbers are the FEC and Center for Responsive Politics.^[212] Some spending totals are not available, due to withdrawals before the FEC deadline. As of September 2016, ten candidates with ballot access have filed financial reports with the FEC.

Candidate	Campaign committee (as of September 30)				Outside groups (as of October 16)			Total spent
	Money raised	Money spent	Cash on hand	Debt	Money raised	Money spent	Cash on hand
Hillary Clinton[213][214]	$460,168,401	$400,504,099	$59,664,302	$626,094	$171,240,103	$148,604,471	$22,635,633	$534,352,332
Donald Trump[215][216]	$224,449,710	$189,673,422	$34,776,287	$0	$214,496,514	$183,418,431	$31,078,083	$367,405,384
Gary Johnson[217][218]	$10,573,731	$9,463,272	$1,217,539	$1,538,118	$1,378,510	$917,521	$460,988	$10,349,663
Rocky De La Fuente[219]	$7,351,270	$7,354,663	-$3,392	$7,334,250	$0	$0	$0	$7,354,663
Jill Stein[220][221]	$3,218,525	$3,144,843	$73,681	$87,740	$0	$0	$0	$3,144,843
Evan McMullin[222]	$501,093	$496,776	$4,316	$0	$0	$0	$0	$496,776
Darrell Castle[223]	$52,234	$51,365	$869	$2,500	$0	$0	$0	$51,365
Gloria La Riva[224]	$29,243	$24,207	$5,034	$0	$0	$0	$0	$24,207
Monica Moorehead[225]	$11,547	$9,127	$2,419	$4,500	$0	$0	$0	$9,127
Peter Skewes[226]	$7,966	$4,238	$7,454	$8,000	$0	$0	$0	$4,238

Newspaper endorsements

Clinton was endorsed by The New York Times,^[227] the Los Angeles Times,^[228] the Houston Chronicle,^[229] the San Jose Mercury News,^[230] the Chicago Sun-Times^[231] and the New York Daily News^[232] editorial boards. Trump, who has frequently criticized the mainstream media, was not endorsed by a major newspaper,^[233][234] with the tabloid National Enquirer^[235] and the Las Vegas Review-Journal his highest profile supporters.^[236] Several papers which endorsed Clinton, such as the Houston Chronicle,^[229] The Dallas Morning News,^[237] The San Diego Union-Tribune^[238] The Columbus Dispatch^[239] and The Arizona Republic,^[240] endorsed their first Democratic candidate for many decades. USA Today, which had not endorsed any candidate since it was founded 34 years ago, broke tradition by giving an anti-endorsement against Trump, declaring him "unfit for the presidency".^[241][242] The Atlantic, which has been in circulation since 1857, gave Clinton its third-ever endorsement (after Abraham Lincoln and Lyndon Johnson).^[243]

Other traditionally Republican papers, including the New Hampshire Union Leader, which had endorsed the Republican nominee in every election for the last 100 years,^[244] The Detroit News, which had not endorsed a non-Republican in its 143 years,^[245] and the Chicago Tribune,^[246] endorsed Gary Johnson. Trump received favorable coverage, but no explicit endorsement, from Breitbart, an alt-right news and opinion website.^[247]

Forecasting

There were many ways to try to predict the outcome of the 2016 election.^[248] Since the advent of scientific polling in 1936, opinion polls have been a nearly universally accepted method to predict the outcome of elections throughout the world. More recently, prediction markets have been formed, starting in 1988 with Iowa Electronic Markets.

Academic scholars have constructed models of voting behavior to forecast the outcomes of elections. An early successful model which is still being used is The Keys to the White House by Allan Lichtman.^[249] PollyVote takes a simple average of six types of inputs: Prediction markets, index models, expert judgment, citizen forecasts, poll aggregators and econometric models.

For the 2016 election, there were many competing election forecast approaches including Nate Silver's FiveThirtyEight, The Upshot at The New York Times, Daily Kos, Princeton Election Consortium, Cook Political Report, Rothenberg and Gonzales, PollyVote, Sabato and Electoral-Vote.^[250]

These models mostly showed a Democratic advantage since the nominees were confirmed. Pollsters were puzzled by the failure of mainstream forecasting models to predict the 2016 election outcome.^[251][252] Further confusion was attributed to The New York Times' live presidential election forecast website for misleading graphing after analyst Alp Toker identified the use of pseudorandom jitter to give the impression of live fluctuations in its outcome predictions.^[253][254]

Debates

Primary election debates

General election debates

The Commission on Presidential Debates (CPD), a non-profit organization, hosted debates between qualifying presidential and vice-presidential candidates. According to the commission's website, to be eligible to opt to participate in the anticipated debates, "... in addition to being Constitutionally eligible, candidates must appear on a sufficient number of state ballots to have a mathematical chance of winning a majority vote in the Electoral College, and have a level of support of at least 15 percent of the national electorate as determined by five selected national public opinion polling organizations, using the average of those organizations' most recently publicly-reported results at the time of the determination."^[255]

The three locations chosen to host the presidential debates, and the one location selected to host the vice presidential debate, were announced on September 23, 2015. The site of the first debate was originally designated as Wright State University in Dayton, Ohio; however, due to rising costs and security concerns, the debate was moved to Hofstra University in Hempstead, New York.^[256]

On August 19, Trump's campaign manager confirmed that he would participate in a series of three debates.^{[257][258][259][260]} Trump had complained that two of the scheduled debates, one on September 26 and the other October 9, will have to compete for viewers with National Football League games, referencing the similar complaints made regarding the dates with low expected ratings during the Democratic Party presidential debates.^[261] According to a survey by Rasmussen Reports, the majority of American voters believed that the debate moderators at the presidential debates would be helping Hillary Clinton.^[262]

The Free & Equal Elections Foundation announced plans to host an open debate among all presidential candidates who had ballot access sufficient to represent a majority of electoral votes.^[263] In October 2016 Free & Equal extended the invitation to all candidates with ballot lines representing at least 15% of the electoral vote. The nominees of the Democratic, Republican, Libertarian, Green, Constitution, Reform, and Socialism and Liberation parties, as well as independent candidate Evan McMullin, were invited to participate.^[264] The debate was held at the University of Colorado Boulder's Macky Auditorium on October 25, 2016. It was moderated by Ed Asner and Christina Tobin, with Darrell Castle, Rocky De La Fuente, and Gloria La Riva participating.^[265]

PBS hosted a debate moderated by Tavis Smiley between Libertarian candidate Gary Johnson and Green Party candidate Jill Stein.^[266]

Debates among candidates for the 2016 U.S. presidential election

No.	Date	Time	Host	City	Moderator(s)	Participants
P1	September 26, 2016	9 p.m. EDT	Hofstra University	Hempstead, New York	Lester Holt	Hillary Clinton Donald Trump
VP	October 4, 2016	9 p.m. EDT	Longwood University	Farmville, Virginia	Elaine Quijano	Tim Kaine Mike Pence
P2	October 9, 2016	8 p.m. CDT	Washington University in St. Louis	St. Louis, Missouri	Anderson Cooper Martha Raddatz	Hillary Clinton Donald Trump
P3	October 19, 2016	6 p.m. PDT	University of Nevada, Las Vegas	Las Vegas, Nevada	Chris Wallace	Hillary Clinton Donald Trump
P4	October 25, 2016	7 p.m. MDT	University of Colorado Boulder	Boulder, Colorado	Ed Asner Christina Tobin	Darrell Castle Rocky De La Fuente Gloria La Riva
= Sponsored by the CPD;        = Sponsored by Free & Equal

Results

The election was held on November 8, 2016. Democratic candidate Hillary Clinton cast her vote in the New York City suburb of Chappaqua, while Republican candidate Donald Trump voted in a Manhattan public school.^[267] Throughout the day, the election process went more smoothly than many had expected, with only a few reports of long lines and equipment problems.

Early exit polls favored Clinton.^[268] However, as polls closed and the results came in throughout the night, those exit polls and forecasts proved inaccurate as the Republican candidate performed surprisingly well in all battleground states, especially Florida, Ohio and North Carolina. Even Wisconsin and Michigan, states that were predicted to swing blue, were won by Trump.^[269]

On November 9, 2016, at 3:00 AM Eastern Time, Trump secured over 270 electoral votes, the majority of the 538 electors in the Electoral College, enough to make him the president-elect of the United States.^[4][5] Clinton called Trump early on Wednesday morning, conceding defeat.^[270] Clinton asked her supporters to accept the result and hoped that Trump would be "a successful president for all Americans".^[271] In his victory speech Trump appealed for unity saying "it is time for us to come together as one united people" and praised Clinton who was owed "a major debt of gratitude for her service to our country".^[272]

Six states plus a portion of Maine that Obama won in 2012 switched to Trump. These are (with Electoral College votes in parentheses): Florida (29), Pennsylvania (20), Ohio (18), Michigan (16), Wisconsin (10), Iowa (6), and Maine's second congressional district (1). Trump won exactly 100 more Electoral College votes than Mitt Romney in 2012. Thirty-nine states swung more Republican compared to the previous Presidential election, while eleven states and the District of Columbia swung more Democratic.^[273]

It is estimated that 136.2 million Americans cast a ballot in 2016. 65.2 million of those ballots have been counted for Clinton and 62.7 million for Trump, representing 20.1% (Clinton) and 19.3% (Trump) of the U.S. Census Bureau estimate of U.S. population that day of 324.9 million. ^[274][275] Considering a voting age population (VAP) of 251.1 million people and voting eligible population (VEP) of 231.6 million people, this a turnout rate of 54.2% VAP and 58.8% VEP.^[14] Voting turnout percentage was down compared to 2008 (58.2% VAP) and 2012 (54.9% VAP), but more votes were cast in the 2016 election than any prior election due to an increase in the voting population.^[14]

Presidential candidate	Party	Home state	Popular vote		Electoral vote	Running mate
			Count	Pct		Vice-presidential candidate	Home state	Elect. vote
Donald Trump	Republican	New York	62,686,675[2]	46.14%	306	Mike Pence	Indiana	306
Hillary Clinton	Democratic	New York	65,240,114[2]	48.02%	232	Tim Kaine	Virginia	232
Gary Johnson	Libertarian	New Mexico	4,460,666[2]	3.28%	0	William Weld	Massachusetts	0
Jill Stein	Green	Massachusetts	1,440,193[2]	1.06%	0	Ajamu Baraka	Illinois	0
Evan McMullin	Independent	Utah	642,386[2]	0.47%	0	Mindy Finn	District of Columbia	0
Darrell Castle	Constitution	Tennessee	198,576[2]	0.15%	0	Scott Bradley	Utah	0
Other			1,195,649[2]	0.88%	—	Other		—
Total			135,864,259[2]	100%	538			538
Needed to win					270			270

Note: Popular vote count is preliminary until all states have certified their results.

According to unofficial totals, Trump has received more votes than any other Republican in any presidential election, at least 600,000 more than George W. Bush in 2004. Clinton has also won more votes than any Democrat except Barack Obama in 2008 and 2012. Electoral vote figures are only projected, with the Electoral College voting on December 19, 2016.^[3]

Trump's victory, considered unlikely by most forecasts,^[276] was characterized as an "upset" and as "shocking" by the media.^{[277][278][279]}

Both major-party candidates were unusually old. At 70 years of age, Trump became the oldest person ever to be elected to a first term as president, surpassing Ronald Reagan, who was 69 upon winning the 1980 election. Clinton would have been the second-oldest after Reagan.

Along with Bill Clinton and George W. Bush, Trump was born in 1946; this is the first time a single birth year has produced three presidents. (1946 was a year of unusually numerous births, marking the first year of the post–World War II baby boom.) Trump will become the fifth president to be born in the state of New York, after Martin Van Buren, Millard Fillmore, Theodore Roosevelt, and Franklin D. Roosevelt; he will be the second president born in New York City after Theodore Roosevelt. Trump will also become the third president, after James K. Polk in 1844, and Woodrow Wilson in 1916 to win an election despite losing his home state.

Trump became the first person since Dwight D. Eisenhower in 1952 to be elected president without having been elected to any other previous office, and the only individual to be elected president without any prior political or military experience. Among other presidents with limited military or political experience, William Howard Taft never served in the military and had been elected to political office only once, as an Ohio state judge, although he later held a number of appointed federal government positions, including in the Cabinet of a president before being elected president himself. Herbert Hoover did not serve in the military and never held elected office, but he led two federal government agencies during and after World War I and served in the Cabinets of two other presidents. However, Trump is unique in not having any state or federal government experience: military, appointed or elected.

Results by state

States won by Clinton/Kaine

States won by Trump/Pence

Electoral methods

• WTA – Winner-takes-all
• CD – Congressional district^★

^★Two states (Maine and Nebraska) allow for their electoral votes to be split between candidates. The winner within each congressional district gets one electoral vote for the district. The winner of the statewide vote gets two additional electoral votes.^[326][327] Results are from the Associated Press.^[328]

Swing states

Presidential campaigns focus their resources on a relatively small number of competitive states, referred to as swing or battleground states.^[329] Some potential swing states are Florida, Iowa, Nevada, North Carolina, and Ohio.^[330][331] Florida is the largest swing state and has been won by the overall winner every election since 1996. Ohio is another large swing state and has had a perfect bellwether record since 1964. The states regarded as competitive can fluctuate, as the polls fluctuate.

Some consensus among political pundits developed throughout the primary election season regarding swing states.^[332] From the results of presidential elections from 2004 through to 2012, generally the Democratic and Republican parties start with a safe electoral vote count of about 150 to 200.^[333][334] The margins required to constitute a swing state are vague, however, and local factors can come into play.^[335][336] It was thought that left-leaning states in the Rust Belt could become more conservative, as Trump mostly appealed to blue-collar workers.^[337] They represent a large portion of the American populace and were a major factor in Trump's eventual nomination. Trump's primary campaign was propelled by victories in Democratic states, and his supporters often did not identify as Republican.

In Maine and Nebraska, two electors are given to whoever has the most votes statewide, and the winner of each congressional district receives one electoral vote.^[338] Every other state awards all of its electoral votes to the candidate with the highest vote percentage.^[339] Media reports indicated that both candidates planned to concentrate on Florida, Pennsylvania, Wisconsin, Ohio and North Carolina.^[340][341]

Among the Republican-leaning states, potential Democratic targets included Nebraska's second congressional district, Georgia, and Arizona.^[342] Trump's relatively poor polling in some traditionally Republican states, such as Utah, raised the possibility they could vote for Clinton, despite easy wins there by recent Republican nominees.^[343] Many analysts asserted that Utah is not a viable Democratic destination.^[344][345]

Sites and individuals publish electoral predictions. These generally rate the race by the probability either of the two main parties wins each state. "Tossup" is generally used to indicate that neither party has an advantage, "lean" to indicate a party has a slight edge, "likely" to indicate a party has a clear advantage, and "safe" to indicate a party is heavily favored. Ratings from The Cook Political Report, Sabato's Crystal Ball, or the Rothenberg-Gonzales Political Report are included in the table below. The state's 2014 Cook PVI and the latest swing for each state are also listed.

State	Electoral votes	2012 margin	Cook PVI	Cook Nov. 7 2016[346]	RCP Nov. 6 2016[347]	Roth. Nov. 7 2016[348]	Sabato Nov. 7 2016[349]	Last swing	2016 margin
Arizona	11	109.1 !9.1 R	107 !R+7	102 !Lean R	100 !Tossup	101 !Tilt R	102 !Lean R	2000	104.4 !3.6 R
Colorado	9	094.6 !5.4 D	099 !D+1	098 !Lean D	100 !Tossup	097 !Likely D	097 !Likely D	2008	095.1 !4.9 D
Florida	29	099.1 !0.9 D	102 !R+2	100 !Tossup	100 !Tossup	099 !Tilt D	098 !Lean D	2008	101.3 !1.2 R
Georgia	16	107.8 !7.8 R	106 !R+6	102 !Lean R	100 !Tossup	102 !Lean R	103 !Likely R	1996	105.7 !5.7 R
Iowa	6	094.2 !5.8 D	099 !D+1	102 !Lean R	100 !Tossup	101 !Tilt R	102 !Lean R	2008	109.6 !9.6 R
Maine (statewide)	2	084.7 !15.3 D	094 !D+6	097 !Likely D	100 !Tossup	097 !Likely D	097 !Likely D	1992	097.3 !2.7 D
Maine (CD-2)	1	091.4 !8.6 D	098 !D+2	100 !Tossup	100 !Tossup	No rating	102 !Lean R	1992	101 !10.5 R
Michigan	16	090.5 !9.5 D	096 !D+4	098 !Lean D	100 !Tossup	098 !Lean D	098 !Lean D	1992	100.3 !0.2 R
Minnesota	10	092.3 !7.7 D	098 !D+2	097 !Likely D	098 !Lean D	097 !Likely D	097 !Likely D	1976	098.6 !1.5 D
Nebraska (CD-2)	1	107.2 !7.2 R	104 !R+4	100 !Tossup	103 !Likely R	No rating[lower-alpha 4]	102 !Lean R	2012	101 !3.3 R
New Mexico	5	089.8 !10.2 D	096 !D+4	097 !Likely D	100 !Tossup	096 !Safe D	097 !Likely D	2008	091.7 !8.3 D
Nevada	6	093.3 !6.7 D	098 !D+2	098 !Lean D	100 !Tossup	099 !Tilt D	098 !Lean D	2008	097.6 !2.4 D
New Hampshire	4	094.4 !5.6 D	099 !D+1	098 !Lean D	100 !Tossup	098 !Lean D	098 !Lean D	2004	099.8 !0.2 D
North Carolina	15	102 !2.0 R	103 !R+3	100 !Tossup	100 !Tossup	099 !Tilt D	098 !Lean D	2012	103.8 !3.7 R
Ohio	18	097 !3.0 D	101 !R+1	102 !Lean R	100 !Tossup	100 !Tossup	102 !Lean R	2008	108.6 !8.6 R
Pennsylvania	20	094.6 !5.4 D	099 !D+1	098 !Lean D	100 !Tossup	098 !Lean D	098 !Lean D	1992	101.2 !0.8 R
Virginia	13	096.1 !3.9 D	100 !EVEN	097 !Likely D	100 !Tossup	097 !Likely D	097 !Likely D	2008	095.1 !5.3 D
Wisconsin	10	093.1 !6.9 D	098 !D+2	098 !Lean D	098 !Lean D	099 !Tilt D	097 !Likely D	1988	101 !0.8 R

Close races

Red denotes states (or congressional districts that contribute an electoral vote) won by Republican Donald Trump; blue denotes those won by Democrat Hillary Clinton.

States where the margin of victory was under 1% (50 electoral votes; 46 won by Trump, 4 by Clinton):

1. Michigan, 0.23%
2. New Hampshire, 0.36%
3. Wisconsin, 0.81%
4. Pennsylvania, 0.81%

States where the margin of victory was between 1% and 5% (84 electoral votes; 56 won by Trump, 28 by Clinton):

1. Florida, 1.20%
2. Minnesota, 1.52%
3. Nevada, 2.42%
4. Maine, 2.68%
5. Nebraska's 2nd Congressional District, 3.38%
6. Arizona, 3.57%
7. North Carolina, 3.66%
8. Colorado, 4.88%

States/districts where the margin of victory was between 5% and 10% (96 electoral votes; 78 won by Trump, 18 by Clinton):

1. Virginia, 5.32%
2. Georgia, 5.46%
3. New Mexico, 8.21%
4. Ohio, 8.55%
5. Texas, 9.11%
6. Iowa, 9.50%

Recount petitions

On November 25, with 90 minutes remaining on the deadline to petition for a recount to the state's electoral body, Stein filed for a recount of the election results in Wisconsin. She signaled she intended to file for similar recounts in the subsequent days in Michigan and Pennsylvania.^[350] The next day, Clinton campaign general counsel Marc Elias stated that their campaign would join Stein's recount efforts in Wisconsin and possibly others "in order to ensure the process proceeds in a manner that is fair to all sides."^[22][351] Stein had by that date raised nearly six million dollars in donations to petition for the recounts.^[352]

President-elect Donald Trump issued a statement denouncing the recount request saying, "The people have spoken and the election is over." Trump further commented that the recount "is a scam by the Green Party for an election that has already been conceded."^[353]

Stein filed the recount petition in Pennsylvania on November 28.^[354] On November 29, Stein delivered $3.5 million needed to initiate the presidential vote recount in the state of Wisconsin. With payment received, Wisconsin Elections Commission has ordered recount of the 2016 presidential election to begin on December 1.^[355] Stein filed for a manual recount in the state of Michigan on November 30, paying the $973,250 fee required for filing.^[356] On the same day, American Delta Party/Reform Party presidential candidate Rocky De La Fuente requested a recount in five counties in Nevada and paid $14,000 required for the effort.^[357]

On December 1, Trump campaign challenged Michigan's recount arguing that the recount couldn't be finished on time and that Stein's petition wasn't properly notarized, delaying the planned recount which was to begin the next day.^[358]

On December 2, the Michigan Attorney General, Bill Schuette, filed a lawsuit in "an emergency motion" to the Michigan Supreme Court to stop the recount, calling it " frivolous, and expensive."^[359]

On December 3, Stein dropped her court case to initiate a statewide recount in Pennsylvania. Lawyers for the Green Party stated they were unable to pay the court-ordered $1 million bond by the deadline on December 5. However, Green Party backed efforts to analyze election software in some Pennsylvania precincts continued.^[360] The following day, the Green Party signaled that it would file a federal lawsuit on December 5 to force a recount in Pennsylvania, claiming that the state court system was not equipped to adequately address their case.^[361]

Reactions

Protests were held in many cities across the nation for several days after the election.^{[362][363][364]} Furthermore, suicide crisis hotlines reported a major increase in calls,^[365][366] and online privacy and security workshops also burgeoned.^[367]

Electoral College lobbying and petitions

Intense lobbying (some amounting to harassment and death threats^[368]) and grass-roots campaigns have been directed at various GOP electors of the United States Electoral College^[369] to convince a sufficient number of them (37) to not vote for Trump, thus precluding a Trump presidency.^[370] Members of the Electoral College themselves have started a campaign for other members to "vote their conscience for the good of America" in accordance with Alexander Hamilton's Federalist Paper No. 68.^{[371][372][373][374]}

Electronic vote tampering concerns

After the election, computer scientists, including J. Alex Halderman, the director of the University of Michigan Center for Computer Security and Society, urged the Clinton campaign to request an election recount in Wisconsin, Michigan, and Pennsylvania (three swing states where Trump had won narrowly) for the purpose of excluding the possibility that the hacking of electronic voting machines had influenced the recorded outcome.^{[375][376][377]} However, statistician Nate Silver performed a regression analysis which demonstrated that the alleged discrepancy between paper ballots and electronic voting machines "completely disappears once you control for race and education level".^[378] On November 25, 2016, the Obama administration said the results from November 8, “accurately reflect the will of the American people.”^[379] The following day, the White House released another statement saying, “the federal government did not observe any increased level of malicious cyberactivity aimed at disrupting our electoral process on Election Day.”^[380]

Maps

• 

  Results by state, shaded according to winning candidate's percentage of the vote

• 

  Results by Vote Distribution Among States. Each state's pie chart is proportional to the number of electoral votes they have.

• 

  Results by county. Red denotes counties that went to Trump; blue denotes counties that went to Clinton.

• 

  Results by county, shaded according to winning candidate's percentage of the vote.

• 

  Results by congressional district

• 

  Results by county, shaded according to percentage of the vote for Trump

• 

  Results by county, shaded according to percentage of the vote for Clinton

• 

  Results by county, shaded according to winning candidate's percentage of the vote (Red-Purple-Blue view)

• 

  County swing from 2012 to 2016

• 

  County swing from 2012 to 2016, relative to national swing

• 

  Electoral vote cartogram

Voter demographics

Voter demographic data for 2016 were collected by Edison Research for the National Election Pool, a consortium of ABC News, The Associated Press, CBS News, CNN, Fox News and NBC News. The voter survey is based on questionnaires completed by 24,537 voters leaving 350 voting places throughout the United States on Election Day including 4,398 telephone interviews with early and absentee voters.^{[381][382][383]} Trump nearly doubled his support from Muslims compared to 2012 Republican nominee Mitt Romney.^[384] While exit polls are useful, they have in the past overstated or given partial portraits of the electorate, and further study with additional data is generally required.^[385]

2016 Presidential vote by demographic subgroup
Demographic subgroup	Clinton	Trump	Other	% of total vote
Total vote	47.8	46.6	5.6	100
Ideology
Liberals	84	10	6	26
Moderates	52	41	7	39
Conservatives	15	81	4	35
Party
Democrats	89	9	2	37
Republicans	7	90	3	33
Independents	42	48	10	31
Party by gender
Democratic men	87	10	3	14
Democratic women	90	8	2	23
Republican men	6	90	2	17
Republican women	8	89	2	16
Independent men	37	51	10	17
Independent women	47	43	7	14
Gender
Men	41	53	6	48
Women	54	42	4	52
Gender by marital status
Married men	37	58	5	29
Married women	49	47	4	30
Non-married men	46	45	9	19
Non-married women	62	33	5	23
Race/ethnicity
White	37	58	5	70
Black	88	8	4	12
Asian	65	29	6	4
Other	56	37	7	3
Hispanic (of any race)	65	29	6	11
Gender by race/ethnicity
White men	31	63	5	34
White women	43	53	3	37
Black men	80	13	6	5
Black women	94	4	2	7
Latino men (of any race)	62	33	4	5
Latino women (of any race)	68	26	5	6
All other races	61	32	5	6
Religion
Protestant	37	60	3	27
Catholic	45	52	3	23
Mormon	25	61	14	1
Other Christian	43	55	2	24
Jewish	71	24	5	3
Other religion	58	33	9	7
None	68	26	6	15
Religious service attendance
Weekly or more	40	56	4	33
Monthly	46	49	5	16
A few times a year	48	47	5	29
Never	62	31	7	22
White evangelical or born-again Christian
White evangelical or born-again Christian	16	81	3	26
Everyone else	59	35	6	74
Age
18–24 years old	56	35	9	10
25–29 years old	53	39	8	9
30–39 years old	51	40	9	17
40–49 years old	46	50	4	19
50–64 years old	44	53	3	30
65 and older	45	53	2	15
Sexual orientation
LGBT	78	14	8	5
Heterosexual	47	48	5	95
First time voter
First time voter	56	40	4	10
Everyone else	47	47	6	90
Education
High school or less	45	51	4	18
Some college education	43	52	5	32
College graduate	49	45	6	32
Postgraduate education	58	37	5	18
Education by race/ethnicity
White college graduates	45	49	4	37
White no college degree	28	67	4	34
Non-white college graduates	71	23	5	13
Non-white no college degree	75	20	3	16
Family income
Under $30,000	53	41	6	17
$30,000–49,999	51	42	7	19
$50,000–99,999	46	50	4	31
$100,000–199,999	47	48	5	24
$200,000–249,999	48	49	3	4
Over $250,000	46	48	6	6
Issue regarded as most important
Foreign policy	60	34	6	13
Immigration	32	64	4	13
Economy	52	42	6	52
Terrorism	39	57	4	18
Community size
Cities (population 50,000 and above)	59	35	6	34
Suburbs	45	50	5	49
Rural areas	34	62	4	17
Age and Race
White 18-29	43	47	10	12
Black 18-29	85	9	6	3
Latino 18-29	68	26	6	3
White 30-44	37	54	9	16
Black 30-44	89	7	4	4
Latino 30-44	65	28	7	4
White 45-64	34	62	4	30
Black 45-64	90	9	1	5
Latino 45-64	64	32	4	4
White 65 and older	39	58	3	13
Black 65 and older	91	9	0	1
Latino 65 and older	73	25	2	1
All Others	61	31	8	6

Viewership

Source: adweek

See also

• History of the United States (1991–present)
• United States presidential elections in which the winner lost the popular vote
• 2016 United States presidential election recount and audit

Notes

References

External links

• Presidential election process from USA.gov, the official United States Federal Government web portal
• United States presidential election, 2016 at DMOZ
• 2016 Presidential Form 2 Filers at the Federal Election Commission (FEC)
• Hillary Clinton's Concession Speech on YouTube