List of state leaders in 1981
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This is a list of heads of state, government leaders, and other rulers in the year 1981.
Africa
- Algeria -
- President - Chadli Bendjedid, President of Algeria (1979–1992)
- Prime Minister - Mohamed Ben Ahmed Abdelghani, Prime Minister of Algeria (1979–1984)
- Angola -
- Communist Party Leader - José Eduardo dos Santos, Secretary of the Popular Liberation Movement of Angola-Labor Party (1979–1991)
- President - José Eduardo dos Santos, President of Angola (1979–present)
- Benin -
- Communist Party Leader - Mathieu Kérékou, Secretary of the Popular Revolutionary Party of Benin (1979–1990)
- President - Mathieu Kérékou, President of Benin (1972–1991)
- Botswana -
- President - Quett Masire, President of Botswana (1980–1998)
- Burundi -
- President - Jean-Baptiste Bagaza, President of Burundi (1976–1987)
- Cameroon
- President - Ahmadou Ahidjo, President of Cameroon (1960–1982)
- Prime Minister - Paul Biya, Prime Minister of Cameroon (1975–1982)
- Cape Verde
- President - Aristides Pereira, President of Cape Verde (1975–1991)
- Prime Minister - Pedro Pires, Prime Minister of Cape Verde (1975–1991)
- Central African Republic
- President -
- Prime Minister -
- Chad -
- Head of State - Goukouni Oueddei, President of the Transitional Government of National Unity of Chad (1979–1982)
- Comoros
- President - Ahmed Abdallah, President of the Comoros (1978–1989)
- Prime Minister - Salim Ben Ali, Prime Minister of the Comoros (1978–1982)
- Congo -
- Communist Party Leader - Denis Sassou Nguesso, Chairman of the Presidium of the Central Committee of the Congolese Labor Party (1979–1991)
- President - Denis Sassou Nguesso, President of Congo (1979–1992)
- Prime Minister - Louis Sylvain Goma, Prime Minister of Congo (1975–1984)
- Djibouti
- President - Hassan Gouled Aptidon, President of Djibouti (1977–1999)
- Prime Minister - Barkat Gourad Hamadou, Prime Minister of Djibouti (1978–2001)
- Egypt
- President -
- Anwar Sadat, President of Egypt (1970–1981)
- Sufi Abu Taleb, Acting President of Egypt (1981)
- Hosni Mubarak, President of Egypt (1981–2011)
- Prime Minister -
- Anwar Sadat, Prime Minister of Egypt (1980–1981)
- Hosni Mubarak, Prime Minister of Egypt (1981–1982)
- President -
- Equatorial Guinea -
- Head of State - Teodoro Obiang Nguema Mbasogo, Chairman of the Supreme Military Council of Equatorial Guinea (1979–present)
- Ethiopia -
- Head of State - Mengistu Haile Mariam, Chairman of the Coordinating Committee of the Armed Forces of Ethiopia (1977–1991)
- Gabon
- President - Omar Bongo, President of Gabon (1967–2009)
- Prime Minister - Léon Mébiame, Prime Minister of Gabon (1975–1994)
- The Gambia -
- President -
- Sir Dawda Jawara, President of The Gambia (1970–1994)
- Kukoi Sanyang, Chairman of the National Revolutionary Council of The Gambia (in rebellion) (1981)
- President -
- Ghana -
- President
- Hilla Limann, President of Ghana (1979–1981)
- Jerry Rawlings, Chairman of the Provisional National Defence Council of Ghana (1981–2001)
- President
- Guinea
- President - Ahmed Sékou Touré, President of Guinea (1958–1984)
- Prime Minister - Louis Lansana Beavogui, Prime Minister of Guinea (1972–1984)
- Guinea-Bissau
- Head of State - João Bernardo Vieira, Chairman of the Council of the Revolution of Guinea-Bissau (1980–1984)
- Ivory Coast -
- President - Félix Houphouët-Boigny, President of Ivory Coast (1960–1993)
- Kenya -
- President - Daniel arap Moi, President of Kenya (1978–2002)
- Lesotho
- Monarch - Moshoeshoe II, King of Lesotho (1970–1990)
- Prime Minister - Leabua Jonathan, Prime Minister of Lesotho (1965–1986)[1]
- Liberia -
- President - Samuel Doe, President of Liberia (1980–1990)
- Libya
- De facto Head of State - Muammar Gaddafi, Guide of the Revolution of Libya (1969–2011)
- Nominal Head of State -
- Head of Government - Jadallah Azzuz at-Talhi, General Secretary of the General People's Committee of Libya (1979–1984)
- Madagascar
- President - Didier Ratsiraka, President of Madagascar (1975–1993)
- Prime Minister - Désiré Rakatoarijaona, Prime Minister of Madagascar (1977–1988)
- Malawi -
- President - Hastings Banda, President for Life of Malawi (1966–1994)
- Mali -
- President - Moussa Traoré, President of Mali (1968–1991)
- Mauritania
- Head of State - Mohamed Khouna Ould Haidalla, Head of State of Mauritania (1980–1984)
- Prime Minister -
- Sid Ahmed Ould Bneijara, Prime Minister of Mauritania (1980–1981)
- Maaouya Ould Sid'Ahmed Taya, Prime Minister of Mauritania (1981–1984)
- Mauritius
- Monarch - Elizabeth II, Queen of Mauritius (1968–1992)
- Governor-General - Sir Dayendranath Burrenchobay, Governor-General of Mauritius (1978–1983)
- Prime Minister - Sir Seewoosagur Ramgoolam, Prime Minister of Mauritius (1961–1982)[2]
- Mayotte (Territorial collectivity of France)
- Prefect -
- Philippe Jacques Nicolas Kessler, Prefect of Mayotte (1980–1981)
- Pierre Sevellec, Prefect of Mayotte (1981–1982)
- President of the General Council - Younoussa Bamana, President of the General Council of Mayotte (1976–1991)
- Prefect -
- Morocco
- Monarch - Hassan II, King of Morocco (1961–1999)
- Prime Minister - Maati Bouabid, Prime Minister of Morocco (1979–1983)
- Western Sahara (self-declared, partially recognized state)
- President - Mohamed Abdelaziz, President of Western Sahara (1976–2016)
- Prime Minister - Mohamed Lamine Ould Ahmed, Prime Minister of Western Sahara (1976–1982)
- Mozambique -
- Communist Party Leader - Samora Machel, President of the Liberation Front of Mozambique (1975–1986)
- President - Samora Machel, President of Mozambique (1975–1986)
- Niger -
- Head of State - Seyni Kountché, President of the Supreme Military Council of Niger (1974–1987)
- Nigeria -
- President - Shehu Shagari, President of Nigeria (1979–1983)
- Rwanda -
- President - Juvénal Habyarimana, President of Rwanda (1973–1994)
- Saint Helena and Dependencies (British crown colony)
- Governor -
- Geoffrey Colin Guy, Governor of Saint Helena (1976–1981)
- Sir John Dudley Massingham, Governor of Saint Helena (1981–1984)
- Governor -
- São Tomé and Príncipe -
- President - Manuel Pinto da Costa, President of São Tomé and Príncipe (1975–1991)
- Senegal
- President - Abdou Diouf, President of Senegal (1981–2000)
- Prime Minister - Habib Thiam, Prime Minister of Senegal (1981–1983)
- Seychelles -
- President - France-Albert René, President of Seychelles (1977–2004)
- Sierra Leone -
- President - Siaka Stevens, President of Sierra Leone (1978–1985)
- Somalia -
- Communist Party Leader - Siad Barre, Secretary-general of the Somali Revolutionary Socialist Party (1976–1991)
- President - Siad Barre, President of Somalia (1969–1991)
- South Africa -
- President - Marais Viljoen, State President of South Africa (1979–1984)
- Prime Minister - P. W. Botha, Prime Minister of South Africa (1978–1984)
- Bophuthatswana (unrecognized state)
- President - Lucas Mangope, President of Bophuthatswana (1968–1994)[3]
- Ciskei (unrecognized state)
- declared to be independent on 4 December 1981
- President - Lennox Sebe, President of Ciskei (1973–1990)[4]
- Transkei (unrecognized state)
- President - Kaiser Matanzima, President of Transkei (1979–1986)
- Prime Minister - George Matanzima, Prime Minister of Transkei (1979–1987)
- Venda (unrecognized state)
- President - Patrick Mphephu, President of Venda (1969–1988)[5]
- South West Africa (League of Nations mandate administered by South Africa)
- Administrator-General - Danie Hough, Administrator-General of South West Africa (1980–1983)
- Premier - Dirk Mudge, Chairman of the Council of Ministers of South West Africa (1980–1983)
- Sudan -
- President - Gaafar Nimeiry, President of Sudan (1969–1985)
- Prime Minister - Gaafar Nimeiry, Prime Minister of the Sudan (1977–1985)
- Swaziland
- Monarch - Sobhuza II, King of Swaziland (1921–1982)[6]
- Prime Minister - Prince Mabandla Dlamini, Prime Minister of Swaziland (1979–1983)
- Tanzania -
- President - Julius Nyerere, President of Tanzania (1962–1985)[7]
- Prime Minister - Edward Sokoine, Prime Minister of Tanzania (1977–1980)
- Togo -
- President - Gnassingbé Eyadéma, President of Togo (1967–2005)
- Tunisia
- President - Habib Bourguiba, President for Life of Tunisia (1957–1987)
- Prime Minister - Mohammed Mzali, Prime Minister of Tunisia (1980–1986)
- Uganda -
- President - Milton Obote, President of Uganda (1980–1985)
- Prime Minister - Otema Alimadi, Prime Minister of Uganda (1980–1985)
- Upper Volta -
- Head of State - Saye Zerbo, President of the Military Committee of Recovery for National Progress of Upper Volta (1980–1982)
- Prime Minister - Saye Zerbo, Prime Minister of Upper Volta (1980–1982)
- Zaire
- President - Mobutu Sese Seko, President of Zaire (1965–1997)
- Head of Government -
- Jean Nguza Karl-i-Bond, First State Commissioner of Zaire (1980–1981)
- N'Singa Udjuu, First State Commissioner of Zaire (1981–1982)
- Zambia
- President - Kenneth Kaunda, President of Zambia (1964–1991)
- Prime Minister -
- Daniel Lisulo, Prime Minister of Zambia (1978–1981)
- Nalumino Mundia, Prime Minister of Zambia (1981–1985)
- Zimbabwe -
- President - Canaan Banana, President of Zimbabwe (1980–1987)
- Prime Minister - Robert Mugabe, Prime Minister of Zimbabwe (1980–1987)
Asia
- Afghanistan -
- Communist Party Leader - Babrak Karmal, General Secretary of the People's Democratic Party of Afghanistan (1979–1986)
- Head of State - Babrak Karmal, Chairman of the Revolutionary Council of Afghanistan (1979–1986)
- Prime Minister -
- Babrak Karmal, Prime Minister of Afghanistan (1979–1981)
- Sultan Ali Keshtmand, Prime Minister of Afghanistan (1981–1988)
- Bahrain
- Monarch - Sheikh Isa bin Salman Al Khalifa, Emir of Bahrain (1961–1999)[8]
- Prime Minister - Sheikh Khalifa ibn Salman Al Khalifa, Prime Minister of Bahrain (1970–present)[9]
- Bangladesh -
- President -
- Ziaur Rahman, President of Bangladesh (1977–1981)
- Abdus Sattar, President of Bangladesh (1981–1982)
- Prime Minister - Shah Azizur Rahman, Prime Minister of Bangladesh (1979–1982)
- President -
- Bhutan
- Monarch - Jigme Singye Wangchuck, King of Bhutan (1972–2006)
- Brunei (British protected state)
- High Commissioner - Arthur Christopher Watson, British High Commissioner in Brunei (1978–1984)
- Monarch - Hassanal Bolkiah, Sultan of Brunei (1967–present)
- Chief Minister -
- Pengiran Dipa Negara Laila Diraja Pengiran Abdul Mumin, Chief Minister of Brunei (1972–1981)
- Pehin Orang Kaya Laila Wijaya Dato Haji Abdul Aziz Umar, Acting Chief Minister of Brunei (1981–1983)
- Burma
- President -
- Ne Win, President of Burma (1962–1981)
- San Yu, President of Burma (1981–1988)
- Prime Minister - Maung Maung Kha, Prime Minister of Burma (1977–1988)
- President -
- China (People's Republic of China) -
- De facto leader - Deng Xiaoping, Paramount leader (late 1970s - early 1990s)
- Communist Party Leader -
- Hua Guofeng, Chairman of the Communist Party of China (1976–1981)
- Hu Yaobang, General Secretary of the Communist Party of China (1981–1987)[10]
- De facto Head of State - Ye Jianying - Chairman of the Standing Committee of the National People's Congress of China (1978–1983)
- Premier - Zhao Ziyang, Premier of the State Council of China (1980–1987)
- Hong Kong (British crown colony)
- Governor - Sir Murray MacLehose, Governor of Hong Kong (1971–1982)
- India
- President - Neelam Sanjiva Reddy, President of India (1977–1982)
- Prime Minister - Indira Gandhi, Prime Minister of India (1980–1984)
- Indonesia -
- President - Suharto, President of Indonesia (1967–1998)
- Iran
- Supreme Leader - Ayatollah Ruhollah Khomeini, Supreme Leader of Iran (1979–1989)
- President -
- Abolhassan Banisadr, President of Iran (1980–1981)
- Provisional Presidential Council, President of Iran (1981)
- Mohammad-Ali Rajai, President of Iran (1981)
- Provisional Presidential Council, President of Iran (1981)
- Ayatollah Ali Khamenei, President of Iran (1981–1989)
- Prime Minister -
- Mohammad-Ali Rajai, Prime Minister of Iran (1980–1981)
- Mohammad-Javad Bahonar, Prime Minister of Iran (1981)
- Mohammad-Reza Mahdavi Kani, Acting Prime Minister of Iran (1981)
- Mir-Hossein Mousavi, Prime Minister of Iran (1981–1989)
- Iraq
- President - Saddam Hussein, President of Iraq (1979–2003)
- Prime Minister - Saddam Hussein, Prime Minister of Iraq (1979–1991)
- Israel
- President - Yitzhak Navon, President of Israel (1978–1983)
- Prime Minister - Menachem Begin, Prime Minister of Israel (1977–1983)
- Japan
- Monarch - Hirohito, Emperor of Japan (1926–1989)
- Prime Minister - Zenko Suzuki, Prime Minister of Japan (1980–1982)
- Jordan
- Monarch - Hussein, King of Jordan (1952–1999)
- Prime Minister - Mudar Badran, Prime Minister of Jordan (1980–1984)
- Kampuchea -
- Communist Party Leader -
- Head of State - Heng Samrin, Chairman of the Council of State of Kampuchea (1979–1992)
- Premier -
- North Korea (Democratic People's Republic of Korea)
- Communist Party Leader - Kim Il-sung, General Secretary of the Central Committee of the Korean Workers' Party (1949–1994)
- President - Kim Il-sung, President of North Korea (1972–1994)
- Premier - Li Jong-ok, Premier of the Council of Ministers of North Korea (1977–1984)
- South Korea (Republic of Korea) -
- the Fourth Republic of South Korea was superseded by the Fifth Republic of South Korea on 3 March 1981
- President - Chun Doo-hwan, President of South Korea (1980–1988)
- Prime Minister - Nam Duck-woo, Prime Minister of South Korea (1980–1982)
- Kuwait
- Monarch - Sheikh Jaber Al-Ahmad Al-Jaber Al-Sabah, Emir of Kuwait (1977–2006)[11]
- Prime Minister - Sheikh Saad Al-Abdullah Al-Salim Al-Sabah, Prime Minister of Kuwait (1978–2003)[12]
- Laos
- Communist Party Leader - Kaysone Phomvihane, General Secretary of the Lao People's Revolutionary Party (1975–1992)
- President - Souphanouvong, President of Laos (1975–1991)
- Premier - Kaysone Phomvihane, Chairman of the Council of Ministers of Laos (1975–1991)
- Lebanon
- President - Elias Sarkis, President of Lebanon (1976–1982)
- Prime Minister - Shafik Wazzan, Prime Minister of Lebanon (1980–1984)
- Macau (overseas province of Portugal)
- Governor -
- Nuno Viriato Tavares de Melo Egídio, Governor of Macau (1979–1981)
- José Carlos Moreira Campos, Acting Governor of Macau (1981)
- Vasco de Almeida e Costa, Governor of Macau (1981–1986)
- Governor -
- Malaysia
- Monarch - Sultan Ahmad Shah, Yang di-Pertuan Agong of Malaysia (1979–1984)
- Prime Minister -
- Hussein Onn, Prime Minister of Malaysia (1976–1981)
- Mahathir Mohamad, Prime Minister of Malaysia (1981–2003)
- Maldives
- President - Maumoon Abdul Gayoom, President of the Maldives (1978–2008)
- Mongolia
- Communist Party Leader - Yumjaagiin Tsedenbal, General secretary of the Central Committee of the Mongolian People's Revolutionary Party (1958–1984)
- Head of State - Yumjaagiin Tsedenbal, Chairman of the Presidium of the People's Great Hural of Mongolia (1974–1984)
- Premier - Jambyn Batmönkh, Chairman of the Council of Ministers of Mongolia (1974–1984)
- Nepal
- Monarch - Birendra, King of Nepal (1972–2001)
- Prime Minister - Surya Bahadur Thapa, Prime Minister of Nepal (1979–1983)
- Oman
- Monarch - Qaboos bin Said al Said, Sultan of Oman (1970–present)
- Prime Minister - Qaboos bin Said al Said, Prime Minister of Oman (1972–present)
- Pakistan -
- President - Muhammad Zia-ul-Haq, President of Pakistan (1978–1988)
- Head of Government - Muhammad Zia-ul-Haq, Chief Martial Law Administrator of Pakistan (1977–1985)
- Philippines
- President - Ferdinand Marcos, President of the Philippines (1965–1986)
- Prime Minister -
- Ferdinand Marcos, Prime Minister of the Philippines (1978–1981)
- Cesar Virata, Prime Minister of the Philippines (1981–1986)
- Qatar
- Monarch - Sheikh Khalifa bin Hamad Al Thani, Emir of Qatar (1972–1995)
- Prime Minister - Sheikh Khalifa bin Hamad Al Thani, Prime Minister of Qatar (1970–1995)[13]
- Saudi Arabia
- Monarch - Khalid, King of Saudi Arabia (1975–1982)
- Prime Minister - Khalid, Prime Minister of Saudi Arabia (1975–1982)
- Singapore
- President -
- Benjamin Sheares, President of Singapore (1971–1981)
- Devan Nair, President of Singapore (1981–1985)
- Prime Minister - Lee Kuan Yew, Prime Minister of Singapore (1959–1990)[14]
- President -
- Sri Lanka -
- President - Junius Richard Jayewardene, President of Sri Lanka (1978–1989)
- Prime Minister - Ranasinghe Premadasa, Prime Minister of Sri Lanka (1978–1989)
- Syria
- President - Hafez al-Assad, President of Syria (1971–2000)
- Prime Minister - Abdul Rauf al-Kasm, Prime Minister of Syria (1980–1987)
- Taiwan (Republic of China) -
- President - Chiang Ching-kuo, President of Taiwan (1978–1988)
- Premier - Sun Yun-suan, President of the Executive Yuan of Taiwan (1978–1984)
- Thailand -
- Monarch - Bhumibol Adulyadej, King of Thailand (1946–2016)
- Prime Minister - Prem Tinsulanonda, Prime Minister of Thailand (1980–1988)
- Turkey
- President - Kenan Evren, President of Turkey (1980–1989)
- Prime Minister - Bülend Ulusu, Prime Minister of Turkey (1980–1983)
- United Arab Emirates
- President - Sheikh Zayed bin Sultan Al Nahyan, President of the United Arab Emirates (1971–2004)
- Prime Minister - Sheikh Rashid bin Saeed Al Maktoum, Prime Minister of the United Arab Emirates (1979–1990)
- Vietnam -
- Communist Party Leader - Lê Duẩn, General Secretary of the Communist Party of Vietnam (1960–1986)
- Head of State -
- Nguyễn Hữu Thọ, Acting President of Vietnam (1980–1981)
- Trường Chinh, Chairman of the State Council of Vietnam (1981–1987)
- Premier - Phạm Văn Đồng, Chairman of the Council of Ministers of Vietnam (1955–1987)[15]
- North Yemen (Yemen Arab Republic)
- President - Ali Abdullah Saleh, President of North Yemen (1978–2012)[16]
- Prime Minister - Abd al-Karim al-Iryani, Prime Minister of North Yemen (1980–1983)
- South Yemen (People's Democratic Republic of Yemen)
- Communist Party Leader - Ali Nasir Muhammad, Secretary-General of the Yemeni Socialist Party (1980–1986)
- Head of State - Ali Nasir Muhammad, Chairman of the Presidium of the Supreme People's Council of South Yemen (1980–1986)
- Prime Minister - Ali Nasir Muhammad, Prime Minister of South Yemen (1971–1985)
Europe
- Albania
- Communist Party Leader - Enver Hoxha, First Secretary of the Albanian Party of Labor (1944–1985)
- Head of State - Haxhi Lleshi, Chairman of the Presidium of the People's Assembly of Albania (1953–1982)
- Premier -
- Andorra
- Monarchs -
- French Co-Prince -
- Valéry Giscard d'Estaing, French Co-Prince of Andorra (1974–1981)
- François Mitterrand, French Co-Prince of Andorra (1981–1995)
- Co-Prince's Representative - René Lalouette (1980–1982)
- Episcopal Co-Prince - Joan Martí i Alanis, Episcopal Co-Prince of Andorra (1971–2003)
- Co-Prince's Representative - Francesc Badia i Batalla (1972–1993)
- French Co-Prince -
- First Syndic - Estanislau Sangrà Font, First Syndic of Andorra (1978–1982)
- Monarchs -
- Austria
- President - Rudolf Kirchschläger, Federal President of Austria (1974–1986)
- Chancellor - Bruno Kreisky, Federal Chancellor of Austria (1970–1983)
- Belgium
- Monarch - Baudouin, King of the Belgians (1951–1993)
- Prime Minister -
- Wilfried Martens, Prime Minister of Belgium (1979–1981)
- Mark Eyskens, Prime Minister of Belgium (1981)
- Wilfried Martens, Prime Minister of Belgium (1981–1992)
- Bulgaria
- Communist Party Leader - Todor Zhivkov, General Secretary of the Bulgarian Communist Party (1954–1989)
- Head of State - Todor Zhivkov, Chairman of the State Council of Bulgaria (1971–1989)
- Premier -
- Cyprus
- President - Spyros Kyprianou, President of Cyprus (1977–1988)
- Northern Cyprus (invaded by Turkey)
- President - Rauf Denktaş, President of Northern Cyprus (1975–2005)
- Prime Minister - Mustafa Çağatay, Prime Minister of Northern Cyprus (1978–1985)
- Czechoslovakia
- Communist Party Leader - Gustáv Husák, General Secretary of the Communisty Party of Czechoslovakia (1969–1987)
- President - Gustáv Husák, President of Czechoslovakia (1975–1989)
- Prime Minister - Lubomír Štrougal, Prime Minister of Czechoslovakia (1970–1988)
- Denmark
- Monarch - Margrethe II, Queen of Denmark (1972–present)
- Prime Minister - Anker Jørgensen, Prime Minister of Denmark (1975–1982)
- Finland
- President -
- Urho Kekkonen, President of Finland (1956–1981)
- Mauno Koivisto, Acting President of Finland (1981–1994)
- Prime Minister -
- Mauno Koivisto, Prime Minister of Finland (1979–1982)
- Eino Uusitalo, Acting Prime Minister of Finland (1981–1982)
- President -
- France
- President
- Valéry Giscard d'Estaing, President of France (1974–1981)
- François Mitterrand, President of France (1981–1995)
- Prime Minister -
- Raymond Barre, Prime Minister of France (1976–1981)
- Pierre Mauroy, Prime Minister of France (1981–1984)
- President
- East Germany (German Democratic Republic)
- Communist Party Leader - Erich Honecker, General Secretary of the Socialist Unity Party of Germany (1971–1989)
- Head of State - Erich Honecker, Chairman of the Council of State of East Germany (1976–1989)
- Premier - Willi Stoph, Chairman of the Council of Ministers of East Germany (1976–1989)
- West Germany (Federal Republic of Germany)
- President - Karl Carstens, Federal President of West Germany (1979–1984)
- Chancellor - Helmut Schmidt, Federal Chancellor of West Germany (1974–1982)
- West Berlin (Western Allies-occupied free city)
- Governing Mayor -
- Dietrich Stobbe, Governing Mayor of Berlin (1977–1981)
- Hans-Jochen Vogel, Governing Mayor of Berlin (1981)
- Richard von Weizsäcker, Governing Mayor of Berlin (1981–1984)
- Governing Mayor -
- Greece
- President - Konstantinos Karamanlis, President of Greece (1980–1985)
- Prime Minister -
- Georgios Rallis, Prime Minister of Greece (1980–1981)
- Andreas Papandreou, Prime Minister of Greece (1981–1989)
- Hungary
- Communist Party Leader - János Kádár, First Secretary of the Hungarian Socialist Workers' Party (1956–1988)
- Head of State - Pál Losonczi, Chairman of the Presidential Council of Hungary (1967–1987)
- Premier - György Lázár, President of the Council of Ministers of Hungary (1975–1987)
- Iceland
- President - Vigdís Finnbogadóttir, President of Iceland (1980–1996)
- Prime Minister - Gunnar Thoroddsen, Prime Minister of Iceland (1980–1983)
- Ireland
- President - Patrick Hillery, President of Ireland (1976–1990)
- Prime Minister -
- Charles Haughey, Taoiseach of Ireland (1979–1981)
- Garret FitzGerald, Taoiseach of Ireland (1981–1982)
- Italy
- President - Sandro Pertini, President of Italy (1978–1985)
- Prime Minister -
- Liechtenstein
- Monarch - Franz Joseph II, Prince of Liechtenstein (1938–1989)
- Prime Minister - Hans Brunhart, Head of Government of Liechtenstein (1978–1993)
- Luxembourg
- Monarch - Jean, Grand Duke of Luxembourg (1964–2000)
- Prime Minister - Pierre Werner, President of the Government of Luxembourg (1979–1989)
- Malta
- President
- Anton Buttigieg, President of Malta (1976–1981)
- Albert Hyzler, Acting President of Malta (1981–1982)
- Prime Minister - Dom Mintoff, Prime Minister of Malta (1971–1984)
- President
- Monaco
- Monarch - Rainier III, Prince of Monaco (1949–2005)
- Head of Government -
- André Saint-Mleux, Minister of State of Monaco (1972–1981)
- Jean Herly, Minister of State of Monaco (1981–1985)
- Kingdom of the Netherlands
- Monarch - Beatrix, Queen of the Netherlands (1980–2013)
- Netherlands (constituent country)
- Prime Minister - Dries van Agt, Prime Minister of the Netherlands (1977–1982)
- Netherlands Antilles (constituent country)
- see under North America
- Norway
- Monarch - Olav V, King of Norway (1957–1991)
- Prime Minister -
- Odvar Nordli, Prime Minister of Norway (1976–1981)
- Gro Harlem Brundtland, Prime Minister of Norway (1981)
- Kåre Willoch, Prime Minister of Norway (1981–1986)
- Poland
- Communist Party Leader -
- Head of State - Henryk Jabłoński, Chairman of the Council of State of Poland (1972–1985)
- Premier -
- Portugal
- President - António Ramalho Eanes, President of Portugal (1976–1986)
- Prime Minister -
- Diogo de Freitas do Amaral, Interim Prime Minister of Portugal (1980–1981)
- Francisco Pinto Balsemão, Prime Minister of Portugal (1981–1983)
- Romania
- Communist Party Leader - Nicolae Ceauşescu, General Secretary of the Romanian Communist Party (1965–1989)
- President - Nicolae Ceauşescu, President of Romania (1967–1989)
- Premier - Ilie Verdeţ, Chairman of the Council of Ministers of Romania (1979–1982)
- San Marino
- Captains Regent -
- Giancarlo Berardi and Rossano Zafferani, Captains Regent of San Marino (1980–1981)
- Gastone Pasolini and Maria Lea Pedini-Angelini, Captains Regent of San Marino (1981)
- Mario Rossi and Ubaldo Biordi, Captains Regent of San Marino (1981–1982)
- Captains Regent -
- Soviet Union
- Communist Party leader - Leonid Brezhnev, General Secretary of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union (1964–1982)
- Head of State - Leonid Brezhnev, Chairman of the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet of the Soviet Union (1977–1982)
- Premier - Nikolai Tikhonov, Chairman of the Council of Ministers of the Soviet Union (1980–1985)
- Spain
- Monarch - Juan Carlos I, King of Spain (1975–2014)
- Prime Minister -
- Adolfo Suárez, President of the Government of Spain (1976–1981)
- Leopoldo Calvo Sotelo, President of the Government of Spain (1981–1982)
- Sweden
- Monarch - Carl XVI Gustaf, King of Sweden (1973–present)
- Prime Minister - Thorbjörn Fälldin, Prime Minister of Sweden (1979–1982)
- Switzerland
- Federal Council:[17]
- Kurt Furgler (1971–1986, President), Willy Ritschard (1973–1983), Hans Hürlimann (1973–1982), Georges-André Chevallaz (1973–1983), Fritz Honegger (1978–1982), Pierre Aubert (1978–1987), Leon Schlumpf (1979–1987)
- Federal Council:[17]
- United Kingdom
- Monarch - Elizabeth II, Queen of the United Kingdom (1952–present)
- Prime Minister - Margaret Thatcher, Prime Minister of the United Kingdom (1979–1990)
- Guernsey (British Crown dependency)
- Lieutenant-Governor - Sir Peter Le Cheminant, Lieutenant-Governor of Guernsey (1980–1985)
- Bailiff - Sir John Loveridge, Bailiff of Guernsey (1973–1982)
- Jersey (British Crown dependency)
- Lieutenant-Governor - Sir Peter Whiteley, Lieutenant-Governor of Jersey (1979–1985)
- Bailiff - Sir Frank Ereaut, Bailiff of Jersey (1975–1985)
- Isle of Man (British Crown dependency)
- Lieutenant Governor - Sir Nigel Cecil, Lieutenant Governor of the Isle of Man (1980–1985)
- Head of Government -
- Gibraltar (British crown colony)
- Governor - Sir William Jackson, Governor of Gibraltar (1978–1982)
- Chief Minister - Joshua Hassan, Chief Minister of Gibraltar (1972–1987)
- Vatican City
- Monarch - Pope John Paul II, Sovereign of Vatican City (1978–2005)
- President of the Governorate - Cardinal Agostino Casaroli, President of the Governorate of Vatican City (1979–1984)
- Holy See (sui generis subject of public international law)
- Secretary of State - Cardinal Agostino Casaroli, Cardinal Secretary of State (1979–1990)
- Yugoslavia
- Communist Party Leader -
- Head of State -
- Cvijetin Mijatović, Chairman of the Presidency of Yugoslavia (1980–1981)
- Sergej Kraigher, Chairman of the Presidency of Yugoslavia (1981–1982)
- Premier - Veselin Đuranović, Chairman of the Federal Executive Council of Yugoslavia (1977–1982)
North America
- Anguilla (British crown colony)
- Governor - Charles Harry Godden, Governor of Anguilla (1978–1983)
- Chief Minister - Ronald Webster, Chief Minister of Anguilla (1980–1984)
- Antigua and Barbuda
- gained independence on 1 November 1981
- Monarch - Elizabeth II, Queen of Antigua and Barbuda (1981–present)
- Governor-General - Sir Wilfred Jacobs, Governor of Antigua (1967–1981), Governor-General of Antigua and Barbuda (1981–1993)
- Prime Minister[18] - Vere Bird, Prime Minister of Antigua and Barbuda (1976–1994)
- The Bahamas
- Monarch - Elizabeth II, Queen of the Bahamas (1973–present)
- Governor-General - Sir Gerald Cash, Governor-General of the Bahamas (1979–1988)
- Prime Minister - Lynden Pindling, Prime Minister of the Bahamas (1967–1992)[19]
- Barbados
- Monarch - Elizabeth II, Queen of Barbados (1966–present)
- Governor-General - Sir Deighton Lisle Ward, Governor-General of Barbados (1976–1984)
- Prime Minister - Tom Adams, Prime Minister of Barbados (1976–1985)
- Belize
- British Honduras gained independence on 21 September 1981
- Monarch - Elizabeth II, Queen of Belize (1981–present)
- Governor-General -
- James Hennessy, Governor of Belize (1980–1981)
- Elmira Minita Gordon, Governor-General of Belize (1981–1993)
- Prime Minister[20] - George Cadle Price, Prime Minister of Belize (1961–1984)
- Bermuda (British crown colony)
- Governor - Sir Richard Posnett, Governor of Bermuda (1980–1983)
- Premier - David Gibbons, Premier of Bermuda (1977–1982)
- British Virgin Islands (British crown colony)
- Governor - James Alfred Davidson, Governor of the British Virgin Islands (1978–1982)
- Chief Minister - Hamilton Lavity Stoutt, Chief Minister of the British Virgin Islands (1979–1983)
- Canada
- Monarch - Elizabeth II, Queen of Canada (1952–present)
- Governor General - Edward Schreyer, Governor General of Canada (1979–1984)
- Prime Minister - Pierre Trudeau, Prime Minister of Canada (1980–1984)
- Cayman Islands (British crown colony)
- Governor - Thomas Russell, Governor of the Cayman Islands (1974–1982)
- Costa Rica
- President - Rodrigo Carazo Odio, President of Costa Rica (1978–1982)
- Cuba
- Communist Party Leader - Fidel Castro, First secretary of the Communist Party of Cuba (1965–2011)
- President - Fidel Castro, President of the Council of State of Cuba (1976–2008)
- Premier - Fidel Castro, President of the Council of Ministers of Cuba (1959–2008)
- Dominica -
- President - Aurelius Marie, President of Dominica (1980–1983)
- Prime Minister - Eugenia Charles, Prime Minister of Dominica (1980–1995)
- Dominican Republic
- President - Antonio Guzmán Fernández, President of the Dominican Republic (1978–1982)
- El Salvador
- Head of State - Revolutionary Government Junta, Head of State of El Salvador (1979–1982)
- Grenada
- Monarch - Elizabeth II, Queen of Grenada (1952–present)
- Governal-General - Sir Paul Scoon, Governor-General of Grenada (1978–1992)
- Prime Minister - Maurice Bishop, Prime Minister of Grenada (1979–1983)
- Guatemala
- President - Fernando Romeo Lucas García, President of Guatemala (1978–1982)
- Haiti -
- President - Jean-Claude Duvalier, President for Life of Haiti (1971–1986)
- Honduras
- President - Policarpo Paz García, Provisional President of Honduras (1978–1983)
- Jamaica
- Monarch - Elizabeth II, Queen of Jamaica (1952–present)
- Governor-General - Sir Florizel Glasspole, Governor-General of Jamaica (1973–1991)
- Prime Minister - Edward Seaga, Prime Minister of Jamaica (1980–1989)
- Mexico
- President - José López Portillo, President of Mexico (1976–1982)
- Montserrat (British crown colony)
- Governor - David Kenneth Hay Dale, Governor of Montserrat (1980–1984)
- Chief Minister - John Osborne, Chief Minister of Montserrat (1978–1991)
- Netherlands Antilles (constituent country of the Kingdom of the Netherlands)
- Governor - Bernadito M. Leito, Governor of the Netherlands Antilles (1970–1983)
- Prime Minister - Dominico Martina, Prime Minister of the Netherlands Antilles (1979–1984)
- Nicaragua
- Head of State - Junta of National Reconstruction, Head of State of Nicaragua (1979–1985)
- Panama
- De facto leader -
- Omar Torrijos, Commandant of the National Guard (1968–1981)
- Florencio Flores Aguilar, Commandant of the National Guard (1981–1982)
- President - Aristides Royo, President of Panama (1978–1982)
- De facto leader -
- Saint Christopher and Nevis (British associated state)
- Governor -
- Sir Probyn Ellsworth-Innis, Governor of Saint Christopher and Nevis (1975–1981)
- Sir Clement Arrindell, Governor of Saint Christopher and Nevis (1981–1995)
- Premier - Kennedy Simmonds, Premier of Saint Christopher and Nevis (1980–1995)
- Governor -
- Saint Lucia
- Monarch - Elizabeth II, Queen of Saint Lucia (1979–present)
- Governal-General - Boswell Williams, Governor-General of Saint Lucia (1980–1982)
- Prime Minister -
- Allan Louisy, Prime Minister of Saint Lucia (1979–1981)
- Winston Cenac, Prime Minister of Saint Lucia (1981–1982)
- Saint Pierre and Miquelon (Territorial collectivity of France)
- Prefect -
- Clément Bouhin, Prefect of Saint Pierre and Miquelon (1979–1981)
- Claude Guyon, Prefect of Saint Pierre and Miquelon (1981–1982)
- President of the General Council - Albert Pen, President of the General Council of Saint Pierre and Miquelon (1968–1984)
- Prefect -
- Saint Vincent and the Grenadines
- Monarch - Elizabeth II, Queen of Saint Vincent and the Grenadines (1979–present)
- Governal-General - Sir Sydney Gun-Munro, Governor-General of Saint Vincent and the Grenadines (1976–1985)[21]
- Prime Minister - Milton Cato, Prime Minister of Saint Vincent and the Grenadines (1974–1984)[22]
- Trinidad and Tobago
- President - Sir Ellis Clarke, President of Trinidad and Tobago (1972–1987)[23]
- Prime Minister -
- Eric Williams, Prime Minister of Trinidad and Tobago (1956–1981)[24]
- George Chambers, Prime Minister of Trinidad and Tobago (1981–1986)
- Turks and Caicos Islands (British crown colony)
- Governor - John Clifford Strong, Governor of the Turks and Caicos Islands (1978–1982)
- Chief Minister - Norman Saunders, Chief Minister of the Turks and Caicos Islands (1980–1985)
- United States of America
- President -
- Jimmy Carter, President of the United States (1977–1981)
- Ronald Reagan, President of the United States (1981–1989)
- Puerto Rico (Commonwealth of the United States)
- Governor - Carlos Romero Barceló, Governor of Puerto Rico (1977–1985)
- United States Virgin Islands (Insular area of the United States)
- Governor - Juan Francisco Luis, Governor of the United States Virgin Islands (1978–1987)
- President -
Oceania
- American Samoa (unorganized, unincorporated territory of the United States)
- Governor - Peter Tali Coleman, Governor of American Samoa (1978–1985)
- Australia
- Monarch - Elizabeth II, Queen of Australia (1952–present)
- Governor-General - Sir Zelman Cowen, Governor-General of Australia (1977–1982)
- Prime Minister - Malcolm Fraser, Prime Minister of Australia (1975–1983)
- Christmas Island (external territory of Australia)
- Administrator - Mac Holten, Administrator of Christmas Island (1980-1982)
- Cocos (Keeling) Islands (external territory of Australia)
- Administrator - Charles Ivens Buffett, Administrator of Cocos (Keeling) Islands (1977-1981)
- Council Chairman -
- Parson bin Yapat, Chairman of the Cocos Islands Council (1979-1981)
- Wahin bin Bynie, Chairman of the Cocos Islands Council (1981-1983)
- Norfolk Island (self-governing territory of Australia)
- Administrator -
- Peter Coleman, Administrator of Norfolk Island (1979–1981)
- Ian Hutchinson, Acting Administrator of Norfolk Island (1981)
- Thomas Ferguson Paterson, Acting Administrator of Norfolk Island (1981–1982)
- Chief Minister - David Buffett, Chief Minister of Norfolk Island (1979–1986)
- Administrator -
- Fiji
- Monarch - Elizabeth II, Queen of Fiji (1970–1987)
- Governor-General - Ratu Sir George Cakobau, Governor-General of Fiji (1973–1983)
- Prime Minister - Ratu Sir Kamisese Mara, Prime Minister of Fiji (1967–1987)[25]
- French Polynesia (French overseas territory)
- High Commissioner -
- Paul Cousseran, High Commissioner of the Republic in French Polynesia (1977–1981)
- Paul Noirot-Cosson, High Commissioner of the Republic in French Polynesia (1981–1983)
- High Commissioner -
- Guam (Insular area of the United States)
- Governor - Paul McDonald Calvo, Governor of Guam (1979–1983)
- Kiribati
- President - Ieremia Tabai, President of Kiribati (1979–1982)
- Nauru
- President - Hammer DeRoburt, President of Nauru (1978–1986)
- New Caledonia (French overseas territory)
- High Commissioner -
- Claude Charbonniaud, High Commissioner of New Caledonia (1978–1981)
- Christian Nucci, High Commissioner of New Caledonia (1981–1982)
- High Commissioner -
- New Zealand
- Monarch - Elizabeth II, Queen of New Zealand (1952–present)
- Governor-General - Sir David Beattie, Governor-General of New Zealand (1980–1985)
- Prime Minister - Robert Muldoon, Prime Minister of New Zealand (1975–1984)
- Cook Islands (Associated state of New Zealand)
- Queen's Representative - Sir Gaven Donne, Queen's Representative of the Cook Islands (1975–1984)
- Prime Minister - Tom Davis, Prime Minister of the Cook Islands (1978–1983)
- Niue (associated state of New Zealand)
- Premier - Robert Rex, Premier of Niue (1974–1992)
- Tokelau (dependent territory of New Zealand)
- Administrator - Frank Corner, Administrator of Tokelau (1975–1984)
- Papua New Guinea
- Monarch - Elizabeth II, Queen of Papua New Guinea (1975–present)
- Governor-General - Sir Tore Lokoloko, Governor-General of Papua New Guinea (1977–1983)
- Prime Minister - Sir Julius Chan, Prime Minister of Papua New Guinea (1980–1982)
- Pitcairn Islands (British crown colony)
- Governor - Sir Richard Stratton, Governor of the Pitcairn Islands (1980–1984)
- Magistrate - Ivan Christian, Magistrate of the Pitcairn Islands (1975–1984)
- Solomon Islands
- Monarch - Elizabeth II, Queen of the Solomon Islands (1978–present)
- Governor-General - Sir Baddeley Devesi, Governor-General of the Solomon Islands (1978–1988)
- Prime Minister -
- Peter Kenilorea, Prime Minister of the Solomon Islands (1976–1981)[26]
- Solomon Mamaloni, Prime Minister of the Solomon Islands (1981–1984)
- Tonga
- Monarch - Tāufaʻāhau Tupou IV, King of Tonga (1965–2006)[27]
- Prime Minister - Prince Fatafehi Tu'ipelehake, Prime Minister of Tonga (1965–1991)[28]
- Trust Territory of the Pacific Islands (UN Trust Territory administered by the United States)
- High Commissioner -
- Northern Mariana Islands (autonomous territory)
- Governor - Carlos S. Camacho, Governor of the Northern Mariana Islands (1978–1982)
- Marshall Islands (autonomous territory)
- President - Amata Kabua, President of the Marshall Islands (1979–1996)
- Micronesia (autonomous territory)
- President - Tosiwo Nakayama, President of Micronesia (1979–1987)
- Palau (autonomous territory)
- President - Haruo Remeliik, President of Palau (1981–1985)
- Tuvalu
- Monarch - Elizabeth II, Queen of Tuvalu (1978–present)
- Governor-General - Sir Fiatau Penitala Teo, Governor-General of Tuvalu (1978–1986)
- Prime Minister -
- Toaripi Lauti, Prime Minister of Tuvalu (1975–1981)[29]
- Tomasi Puapua, Prime Minister of Tuvalu (1981–1989)
- Vanuatu -
- President - Ati George Sokomanu, President of Vanuatu (1980–1984)
- Prime Minister - Walter Lini, Prime Minister of Vanuatu (1979–1991)[30]
- Wallis and Futuna (French overseas territory)
- Administrator-Superior - Robert Thil, Administrator Superior of Wallis and Futuna (1980–1983)
- President of the Territorial Assembly - Manuele Lisiahi, President of the Territorial Assembly of Wallis and Futuna (1978–1984)
- Western Samoa
- Head of State - Malietoa Tanumafili II, O le Ao o le Malo of Western Samoa (1962–2007)
- Prime Minister - Tufuga Efi, Prime Minister of Western Samoa (1976–1982)
South America
- Argentina
- President -
- Jorge Rafael Videla, President of Argentina (1976–1981)
- Roberto Eduardo Viola, President of Argentina (1981)
- Carlos Lacoste, Interim President of Argentina (1981)
- Leopoldo Galtieri, President of Argentina (1981–1982)
- President -
- Bolivia
- President -
- Luis García Meza Tejada, President of Bolivia (1980–1981)
- Junta of Commanders of the Armed Forces, Head of State of Bolivia (1981)
- Celso Torrelio, President of Bolivia (1981–1982)
- President -
- Brazil
- President -
- João Figueiredo, President of Brazil (1979–1985)
- Aureliano Chaves, Acting President of Brazil (1981)
- President -
- Chile
- President - Augusto Pinochet, President of Chile (1973–1990)
- Colombia
- President - Julio César Turbay Ayala, President of Colombia (1978–1982)
- Ecuador
- President -
- Jaime Roldós Aguilera, President of Ecuador (1979–1981)
- Osvaldo Hurtado, President of Ecuador (1981–1984)
- President -
- Falkland Islands (British crown colony)
- Governor - Rex Hunt, Governor of the Falkland Islands (1980–1982)
- Guyana
- President - Forbes Burnham, President of Guyana (1980–1985)
- Prime Minister - Ptolemy Reid, Prime Minister of Guyana (1980–1984)
- Paraguay
- President - Alfredo Stroessner, President of Paraguay (1954–1989)
- Peru
- President - Fernando Belaúnde Terry, President of Peru (1980–1985)
- Prime Minister - Manuel Ulloa Elías, President of the council of ministers of Peru (1980–1982)
- Suriname
- De facto leader - Dési Bouterse, Chairman of the National Military Council (1980–1988)
- President - Hendrick Chin A Sen, President of Suriname (1980–1982)
- Prime Minister - Hendrick Chin A Sen, Prime Minister of Suriname (1980–1982)
- Uruguay
- President -
- Aparicio Méndez, President of Uruguay (1976–1981)
- Gregorio Conrado Álvarez, President of Uruguay (1981–1985)
- President -
- Venezuela
- President - Luis Herrera Campins, President of Venezuela (1979–1984)
References
- ↑ Lesotho only became independent in 1966.
- ↑ Mauritius only became independent in 1968.
- ↑ Bophuthatswana was only declared to be independent in 1977.
- ↑ Before independence Lennox Sebe was titled Chief Minister.
- ↑ Venda was only declared to be independent in 1979.
- ↑ Swaziland only became independent in 1968, until when Sobhuza II was titled Paramount Chief of Swaziland.
- ↑ Julius Nyerere was President of Tanganyika from 1962 to 1964.
- ↑ Bahrain only became independent in 1971, until then the monarch was titled Hakim of Bahrain.
- ↑ Bahrain only became independent in 1971.
- ↑ Hu Yaobang was Chairman of the Communist Party of China 1981-1982 and General Secretary of the Communist Party of China 1980-1987, but the latter post only became the top position of the party on 12 September 1982.
- ↑ In exile between 1990 and 1991.
- ↑ In exile between 1990 and 1991.
- ↑ Qatar only became independent in 1971.
- ↑ Singapore only became independent in 1965.
- ↑ Prime minister of North Vietnam from 1955 to 1976.
- ↑ Ali Abdullah Saleh became President of Yemen upon unification in 1990.
- ↑ The seven member Swiss Federal Council is the collective head of state and the government of Switzerland. Within the Council, the President of the Swiss Confederation serves solely in a primus inter pares capacity for one year.
- ↑ Titled Premier until independence.
- ↑ The Bahamas only became independent on 1973.
- ↑ Titled Premier until independence.
- ↑ Saint Vincent and the Grenadines only became independent in 1979, until them Sir Sydney Gun-Munro was titled Governor of Saint Vincent and the Grenadines.
- ↑ Saint Vincent and the Grenadines only became independent in 1979.
- ↑ Ellis Clarke was titled Governor-General of Trinidad and Tobago between 1972 and 1976 under the monarchy.
- ↑ Trinidad and Tobago only became independent in 1962.
- ↑ Fiji only became independent in 1970, until when Ratu Sir Kamisese Mara was titled Chief Minister of Fiji.
- ↑ The Solomon islands only became independent in 1978.
- ↑ Tonga only became independent in 1970.
- ↑ Tonga only became independent in 1970.
- ↑ Tuvalu only became independent in 1978.
- ↑ Vanuatu only became independent in 1980.
External links
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