List of state leaders in 1949
See also |
---|
This is a list of heads of state, government leaders, and other rulers in the year 1949.
Africa
- Egypt
- Monarch - Farouk I, King of Egypt (1936–1952)
- Prime Minister -
- Ibrahim Abdel Hadi Pasha, Prime Minister of Egypt (1948–1949)
- Hussein Sirri Pasha, Prime Minister of Egypt (1949–1950)
- Ethiopia
- Monarch - Haile Selassie, Emperor of Ethiopia (1930–1974)[1]
- Prime Minister - Makonnen Endelkachew, Prime Minister of Ethiopia (1942–1957)
- Liberia
- President - William Tubman, President of Liberia (1944–1971)
- South Africa
- Monarch - George VI, King of the British Dominions Beyond the Seas (1936–1952)
- Governor-General - Gideon Brand van Zyl, Governor-General of South Africa (1946–1951)
- Prime Minister - Daniel François Malan, Prime Minister of South Africa (1948–1954)
Asia
- Afghanistan
- Monarch - Mohammed Zahir Shah, King of Afghanistan (1933–1973)
- Prime Minister - Shah Mahmud Khan, Prime Minister of Afghanistan (1946–1953)
- Bhutan
- Monarch - Jigme Wangchuck, King of Bhutan (1926–1952)
- Prime Minister - Sonam Topgay Dorji, Chief Minister of Bhutan (1917–1952)
- Burma
- President - Sao Shwe Thaik, President of Burma (1948–1952)
- Prime Minister - U Nu, Prime Minister of Burma (1948–1956)
- Ceylon
- Monarch - George VI, King of the British Dominions beyond the Seas (1948–1952)
- Governors-General -
- Sir Henry Monck-Mason Moore, Governor-General of Ceylon (1944–1949)[2]
- Sir Arthur Wijewardena, Acting Governor-General of Ceylon (1949)
- Herwald Ramsbotham, Baron Soulbury, Governor-General of Ceylon (1949–1954)
- Prime Minister - D. S. Senanayake, Prime Minister of Ceylon (1947–1952)[3]
- People's Republic of China
- superseded the Republic of China on 1 October 1949, which retreats to Taiwan
- Communist Party Leader - Mao Zedong, Chairman of the Communist Party of China (1935–1976)
- Head of State - Mao Zedong, Chairman of the People's Republic of China (1949–1959)
- Premier - Zhou Enlai, Premier of the Government Administration Council of the Central People's Government of the People's Republic of China (1949–1976)
- Tibet (unrecognized, de facto independent country)
- Monarch - Tenzin Gyatso, Dalai Lama (1939–present)[4]
- Republic of China
- the Republic of China retreats to Taiwan in December 1949
- President -
- Premier -
- India
- Monarch - George VI, King of India (1947–1950)
- Governor-General - C. Rajagopalachari, Governor-General of India (1948–1950)
- Prime Minister - Jawaharlal Nehru, Prime Minister of India (1947–1964)
- Indonesia
- the independence of Dutch East Indies was recognized as United States of Indonesia on 27 December 1949 (the unrecognized Republic of Indonesia has been in existence since 1945)
- President - Sukarno, President of Indonesia (1945–1967)
- Prime Minister - Mohammad Hatta, Prime Minister of Indonesia (1948–1950)
- Islamic State of Indonesia (unrecognized secessionist state)
- declared its independence on 7 August 1949
- Leader - Sekarmadji Maridjan Kartosuwirjo, Imam of the Islamic State of Indonesia (1949–1962)
- Iran
- Monarch - Mohammad Reza Pahlavi, Shah of Iran (1941–1979)
- Prime Minister - Mohammad Sa'ed, Prime Minister of Iran (1948–1950)
- Iraq
- Monarch - Faisal II, King of Iraq (1939–1958)
- Regent - Crown Prince 'Abd al-Ilah, Regent of Iraq (1941–1953)
- Prime Minister -
- Muzahim al-Pachachi, Prime Minister of Iraq (1948–1949)
- Nuri as-Said, Prime Minister of Iraq (1949)
- Ali Jawdat al-Aiyubi, Prime Minister of Iraq (1949–1950)
- Israel
- President - Chaim Weizmann, President of Israel (1948–1952)
- Prime Minister - David Ben-Gurion, Prime Minister of Israel (1948–1954)
- Japan (under Allied occupiation)
- Monarch - Hirohito, Emperor of Japan (1926–1989)
- Prime Minister - Shigeru Yoshida, Prime Minister of Japan (1948–1954)
- Military Governor - Douglas MacArthur, Supreme Commander of the Allied Powers (1945–1951)
- Jordan
- Transjordan changed name to Jordan on 3 April 1949
- Monarch - Abdullah I, King of Jordan (1921–1951)[5]
- Prime Minister - Tawfik Abu al-Huda, Prime Minister of Jordan (1947–1950)
- North Korea (Democratic People's Republic of Korea)
- Communist Party Leader -
- Head of State - Kim Tu-bong, Chairman of the Presidium of the Supreme People's Assembly of North Korea (1947–1957)[7]
- Prime Minister - Kim Il-sung, Prime Minister of the Cabinet of North Korea (1946–1972)[8]
- South Korea (Republic of Korea)
- President - Syngman Rhee, President of South Korea (1948–1960)
- Prime Minister - Lee Beom-seok, Prime Minister of South Korea (1948–1950)
- Lebanon
- President - Bechara El Khoury, President of Lebanon (1943–1952)
- Prime Minister - Riad as-Solh, Prime Minister of Lebanon (1946–1951)
- Mongolia
- Communist Party Leader - Yumjaagiin Tsedenbal, General secretary of the Central Committee of the Mongolian People's Revolutionary Party (1940–1954)
- Head of State - Gonchigiin Bumtsend, Chairman of the Presidium of the State Little Hural of Mongolia (1940–1953)
- Premier - Khorloogiin Choibalsan, Chairman of the Council of Ministers of Mongolia (1939–1952)
- Muscat and Oman
- Monarch - Said Bin Taimur, Sultan of Muscat and Oman (1932–1970)
- Nepal
- Monarch - Tribhuvan, King of Nepal (1911–1950)
- Prime Minister - Mohan Shamsher Jang Bahadur Rana, Prime Minister of Nepal (1948–1951)
- Pakistan
- Monarch - George VI, King of Pakistan (1947–1952)
- Governor-General - Sir Khawaja Nazimuddin, Governor-General of Pakistan (1948–1951)
- Prime Minister - Liaquat Ali Khan, Prime Minister of Pakistan (1947–1951)
- Philippines
- President - Elpidio Quirino, President of the Philippines (1948–1953)
- Saudi Arabia
- Monarch - Ibn Saud, King of Saudi Arabia (1902–1953)[9]
- Thailand
- Siam changed name to Thailand on 11 May 1949
- Monarch - Bhumibol Adulyadej, King of Thailand (1946–2016)
- Regent - Prince Rangsit Prayurasakdi, Prince of Chainat, Regent of Thailand (1946–1951)
- Prime Minister - Plaek Phibunsongkhram, Prime Minister of Thailand (1948–1957)
- Syria
- Head of State -
- Shukri al-Quwatli, President of Syria (1943–1949)
- Husni al-Za'im, President of Syria (1949)
- Sami al-Hinnawi, President of Syria (1949)
- Hashim al-Atassi, Head of State of Syria (1949–1951)
- Prime Minister -
- Khalid al-Azm, Prime Minister of Syria (1948–1949)
- Husni al-Za'im, Prime Minister of Syria (1949)
- Muhsin al-Barazi, Prime Minister of Syria (1949)
- Hashim al-Atassi, Prime Minister of Syria (1949)
- Nazim al-Kudsi, Prime Minister of Syria (1949)
- Khalid al-Azm, Prime Minister of Syria (1949–1950)
- Head of State -
- Transjordan
- see under Jordan
- Turkey
- President - İsmet İnönü, President of Turkey (1938–1950)
- Prime Minister -
- Hasan Saka, Prime Minister of Turkey (1947–1949)
- Şemsettin Günaltay, Prime Minister of Turkey (1949–1950)
- North Vietnam (Democratic Republic of Vietnam)
- Communist Party Leader - Trường Chinh, General Secretary of the Communist Party of Vietnam (1941–1956)
- President - Hồ Chí Minh, President of North Vietnam (1945–1969)
- Premier - Hồ Chí Minh, Chairman of the Council of Ministers of North Vietnam (1945–1955)
- South Vietnam (State of Vietnam)
- Head of State -
- Nguyễn Văn Xuân, President of the Provisional Government of South Vietnam (1947–1949)
- Bảo Đại, Chief of State of South Vietnam (1949–1955)
- Prime Minister - Bảo Đại, Prime Minister of South Vietnam (1949–1950)
- Head of State -
- Yemen
- Monarch - Ahmad bin Yahya, King of Yemen (1948–1955)
- Prime Minister - Hassan bin Yahya, Prime Minister of Yemen (1948–1955)
Europe
- Albania
- Communist Party Leader - Enver Hoxha, First Secretary of the Albanian Party of Labor (1944–1985)
- Head of State - Omer Nishani, Chairman of the Presidium of the People's Assembly of Albania (1944–1953)
- Premier - Enver Hoxha, Chairman of the Council of Ministers of Albania (1944–1954)
- Andorra
- Monarchs -
- French Co-Prince - Vincent Auriol, French Co-Prince of Andorra (1947–1954)
- Co-Prince's Representative - André Bertrand (1947–1952)
- Episcopal Co-Prince - Ramon Iglesias i Navarri, Episcopal Co-Prince of Andorra (1943–1969)
- Co-Prince's Representative - Jaume Sansa Nequí (1937–1972)
- French Co-Prince - Vincent Auriol, French Co-Prince of Andorra (1947–1954)
- First Syndic - Francesc Cairat Freixes, First Syndic of Andorra (1937–1960)
- Monarchs -
- Austria (under Allied occupation)
- President - Karl Renner, Federal President of Austria (1945–1950)
- Chancellor - Leopold Figl, Federal Chancellor of Austria (1945–1953)
- American high commissioner - Geoffrey Keyes (1947–1950)
- British high commissioner - Sir Alexander Galloway (1947–1950)
- French high commissioner - Antoine Béthouart (1945–1950)
- Soviet high commissioner -
- Vladimir Kurasov (1946–1949)
- Vladimir Sviridov (1949–1953)
- Belgium
- Monarch - Leopold III, King of the Belgians (1934–1951)[10]
- Regent - Prince Charles, Count of Flanders, Regent of Belgium (1944–1950)
- Prime Minister -
- Paul-Henri Spaak, Prime Minister of Belgium (1947–1949)
- Gaston Eyskens, Prime Minister of Belgium (1949–1950)
- Bulgaria
- Communist Party Leader -
- Head of State - Mincho Neychev, Chairman of the Presidium of the National Assembly of Bulgaria (1947–1950)
- Premier -
- Czechoslovakia
- Communist Party Leader - Klement Gottwald, Chairman of the Communisty Party of Czechoslovakia (1929–1953)[11]
- President - Klement Gottwald, President of Czechoslovakia (1948–1953)
- Prime Minister - Antonín Zápotocký, Prime Minister of Czechoslovakia (1948–1953)
- Denmark
- Monarch - Frederick IX, King of Denmark (1947–1972)
- Prime Minister - Hans Hedtoft, Prime Minister of Denmark (1947–1950)
- Finland
- President - Juho Kusti Paasikivi, President of Finland (1946–1956)
- Prime Minister - Karl-August Fagerholm, Prime Minister of Finland (1948–1950)
- France
- President - Vincent Auriol, President of France (1947–1954)
- Prime Minister -
- West Germany (Federal Republic of Germany)
- the British, French, and American zones of Allied-occupied Germany gained independence on 7 September 1949
- American Zone
- Military Governor -
- British Zone
- Military Governor - Sir Brian Robertson, Military Governor of the British Occupation Zone of Germany (1947–1949)
- French Zone
- Military Governor - Marie-Pierre Kœnig, Military Governor of the French Occupation Zone of Germany (1945–1949)
- President -
- Chancellor - Konrad Adenauer, Federal Chancellor of West Germany (1949–1963)
- West Berlin (Western Allies-occupied free city)
- the sectors of Berlin occupied by the USA, United Kingdom and France did not become part of either West or East Germany, but were closely aligned with the former
- Governing Mayor - Ernst Reuter, Governing Mayor of Berlin (1948–1953)
- East Germany (German Democratic Republic)
- the Soviet Zone of Allied-occupied Germany gained independence on 7 October 1949
- Military Governor -
- Communist Party Leader - Wilhelm Pieck and Otto Grotewohl, Co-General-Secretaries of the Socialist Unity Party (1946–1950)
- President - Wilhelm Pieck, President of East Germany (1949–1960)
- Premier - Otto Grotewohl, Chairman of the Council of Ministers of East Germany (1949–1964)
- Greece
- Kingdom of Greece
- Monarch - Paul, King of the Hellenes (1947–1964)
- Prime Minister -
- Provisional Democratic Government (Free Greece) (unrecognized rival government in rebellion)
- extinguished on 28 August 1949
- Communist Party Leader - Nikos Zachariadis, General Secretary of the Greek Communist Party (1947–1949)
- Head of Government -
- Kingdom of Greece
- Hungary
- Hungarian Republic superseded by the People's Republic of Hungary on 20 August 1949
- Communist Party Leader - Mátyás Rákosi, First Secretary of the Hungarian Workers' Party (1945–1956)
- Head of State - Árpád Szakasits, Chairman of the Presidential Council of Hungary (1948–1950)
- Premier - István Dobi, President of the Council of Ministers of Hungary (1948–1952)
- Iceland
- President - Sveinn Björnsson, President of Iceland (1944–1952)[12]
- Prime Minister -
- Stefán Jóhann Stefánsson, Prime Minister of Iceland (1947–1949)
- Ólafur Thors, Prime Minister of Iceland (1949–1950)
- Ireland
- Monarch - George VI, King of Ireland (1936–1949)
- President - Seán T. O'Kelly, President of Ireland (1945–1959)
- Prime Minister - John A. Costello, Taoiseach of Ireland (1948–1951)
- Italy
- President - Luigi Einaudi, President of Italy (1948–1955)
- Prime Minister - Alcide De Gasperi, President of the Council of Ministers of Italy (1945–1953)
- Liechtenstein
- Monarch - Franz Joseph II, Prince of Liechtenstein (1938–1989)
- Prime Minister - Alexander Frick, Head of Government of Liechtenstein (1945–1962)
- Luxembourg
- Monarch - Charlotte, Grand Duchess of Luxembourg (1919–1964)[13]
- Prime Minister - Pierre Dupong, President of the Government of Luxembourg (1937–1953)[14]
- Monaco
- Monarch -
- Louis II, Prince of Monaco (1922–1949)
- Rainier III, Prince of Monaco (1949–2005)
- Head of Government -
- Pierre Blanchy, Acting Minister of State of Monaco (1949)
- Jacques Rueff, Minister of State of Monaco (1949–1950)
- Monarch -
- Netherlands
- Monarch - Juliana, Queen of the Netherlands (1948–1980)
- Prime Minister - Willem Drees, Prime Minister of the Netherlands (1948–1958)
- Norway
- Monarch - Haakon VII, King of Norway (1905–1957)[15]
- Prime Minister - Einar Gerhardsen, Prime Minister of Norway (1945–1951)
- Poland
- Communist Party Leader - Bolesław Bierut, First Secretary of the Central Committee of Polish United Workers' Party (1948–1956)
- President - Bolesław Bierut, President of Poland (1944–1952)
- Premier - Józef Cyrankiewicz, President of the Council of Ministers of Poland (1947–1952)
- Portugal
- President - Óscar Carmona, President of Portugal (1926–1951)
- Premier - António de Oliveira Salazar, President of the Council of Ministers of Portugal (1932–1968)
- Romania
- Communist Party Leader - Gheorghe Gheorghiu-Dej, General Secretary of the Romanian Workers' Party (1945–1954)
- Head of State - Constantin Ion Parhon, Chairman of the Presidium of the Great National Assembly of Romania (1947–1952)
- Premier - Petru Groza, Chairman of the Council of Ministers of Romania (1945–1952)
- San Marino
- Captains Regent -
- Giordano Giacomini and Domenico Tomassoni, Captains Regent of San Marino (October 1948–March 1949)
- Ferruccio Martelli and Primo Bugli, Captains Regent of San Marino (April–September 1949)
- Vincenzo Pedini and Agostino Biordi, Captains Regent of San Marino (October 1949–March 1950)
- Captains Regent -
- Soviet Union
- Communist Party Leader - Joseph Stalin, Senior Secretary of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union (1922–1953)
- Head of State - Nikolay Shvernik, Chairman of the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet of the Soviet Union (1946–1953)
- Premier - Joseph Stalin, Chairman of the Council of Ministers of the Soviet Union (1941–1953)
- Spain
- Head of State - Francisco Franco, Head of State of Spain (1936–1975)
- Prime Minister - Francisco Franco, President of the Government of Spain (1938–1973)
- Sweden
- Monarch - Gustaf V, King of Sweden (1907–1950)
- Prime Minister - Tage Erlander, Prime Minister of Sweden (1946–1969)
- Switzerland
- Federal Council:[16]
- Philipp Etter (1934–1959), Enrico Celio (1940–1950), Eduard von Steiger (1940–1951), Karl Kobelt (1940–1954), Ernst Nobs (1943–1951, President), Max Petitpierre (1944–1961), Rodolphe Rubattel (1947–1954)
- Federal Council:[16]
- Trieste
- Military Governor -
- Zone A - Terence Airey, Governor of Zone A of Trieste (1947–1951)
- Zone B - Mirko Lenac, Governor of Zone B of Trieste (1947–1951)
- Military Governor -
- United Kingdom
- Monarch - George VI, King of the United Kingdom (1936–1952)
- Prime Minister - Clement Attlee, Prime Minister of the United Kingdom (1945–1951)
- Vatican City
- Monarch - Pope Pius XII, Sovereign of Vatican City (1939–1958)
- Governor - Marquis Camillo Serafini, Governor of Vatican City (1929–1952)
- President of the Governorate - Cardinal Nicola Canali, President of the Governorate of Vatican City (1939–1961)
- Yugoslavia
- Communist Party leader - Josip Broz Tito, General Secretary of the Yugoslav Communist Party (1936–1980)
- Head of State - Ivan Ribar, President of the Presidium of the National Assembly of Yugoslavia (1943–1953)
- Prime Minister - Josip Broz Tito, Prime Minister of Yugoslavia (1943–1963)
North America
- Canada
- Monarch - George VI, King of the British Dominions Beyond the Seas (1936–1952)
- Governor General - Harold Alexander, Viscount Alexander of Tunis, Governor General of Canada (1946–1952)
- Prime Minister - Louis St. Laurent, Prime Minister of Canada (1948–1957)
- Costa Rica
- President -
- José Figueres Ferrer, President of Costa Rica (1948–1949)
- Otilio Ulate Blanco, President of Costa Rica (1949–1953)
- President -
- Cuba
- President - Carlos Prío Socarrás, President of Cuba (1948–1952)
- Prime Minister - Manuel Antonio de Varona, Prime Minister of Cuba (1948–1950)
- Dominican Republic
- De facto Head of State - Rafael Trujillo, de facto ruler of the Dominican Republic (1930–1961)
- President - Rafael Trujillo, President of the Dominican Republic (1942–1952)
- El Salvador
- Head of State - Revolutionary Council of Government, Head of State of El Salvador (1948–1950)
- Guatemala
- President - Juan José Arévalo, President of Guatemala (1945–1951)
- Haiti
- President - Dumarsais Estimé, President of Haiti (1946–1950)
- Honduras
- President -
- Tiburcio Carías Andino, President of Honduras (1933–1949)
- Juan Manuel Gálvez, President of Honduras (1949–1954)
- President -
- Mexico
- President - Miguel Alemán Valdés, President of Mexico (1946–1952)
- Nicaragua
- President - Víctor Manuel Román y Reyes, President of Nicaragua (1947–1950)
- Panama
- President -
- Domingo Díaz Arosemena, President of Panama (1948–1949)
- Daniel Chanis Pinzón, President of Panama (1949)
- Roberto Francisco Chiari Remón, President of Panama (1949)
- Arnulfo Arias, President of Panama (1949–1951)
- President -
- United States of America
- President - Harry S. Truman, President of the United States (1945–1953)
Oceania
- Australia
- Monarch - George VI, King of the British Dominions Beyond the Seas (1936–1952)
- Governor-General - William McKell, Governor-General of Australia (1947–1953)
- Prime Minister -
- Ben Chifley, Prime Minister of Australia (1945–1949)
- Robert Menzies, Prime Minister of Australia (1949–1966)
- New Zealand
- Monarch - George VI, King of the British Dominions Beyond the Seas (1936–1952)
- Governor-General - Sir Bernard Freyberg, Governor-General of New Zealand (1946–1952)
- Prime Minister -
- Peter Fraser, Prime Minister of New Zealand (1940–1949)
- Sidney Holland, Prime Minister of New Zealand (1949–1957)
South America
- Argentina
- President - Juan Perón, President of Argentina (1946–1955)
- Bolivia
- President -
- Enrique Hertzog, President of Bolivia (1947–1949)
- Mamerto Urriolagoitia, President of Bolivia (1949–1951)
- President -
- Brazil
- President - Eurico Gaspar Dutra, President of Brazil (1946–1951)
- Chile
- President - Gabriel González Videla, President of Chile (1946–1952)
- Colombia
- President - Mariano Ospina Pérez, President of Colombia (1946–1950)
- Ecuador
- President - Galo Plaza, President of Ecuador (1948–1952)
- Paraguay
- President -
- Juan Natalicio González, President of Paraguay (1948–1949)
- Raimundo Rolón, Provisional President of Paraguay (1949)
- Felipe Molas López, President of Paraguay (1949)
- Federico Chávez, President of Paraguay (1949–1954)
- President -
- Peru
- President - Manuel A. Odría, President of Peru (1948–1950)
- Uruguay
- President - Luis Batlle Berres, President of Uruguay (1947–1951)
- Venezuela
- Head of State - Carlos Delgado Chalbaud, Chairman of the Military Junta of Venezuela (1948–1950)
References
- ↑ In exile between 1936 and 1941.
- ↑ Ceylon only became independent in 1948, until then Sir Henry Monck-Mason Moore was titled Governor of Ceylon.
- ↑ Ceylon only became independent in 1948.
- ↑ Tenzin Gyatso was only enthroned in 1950, Tibet accepted Chinese sovereignty in 1951, the Dalai Lama went into exile in 1959, and his political role in the government-in-exile ended in 2011.
- ↑ Jordan only became independent in 1946.
- ↑ North Korea only became independent in 1948.
- ↑ North Korea only became independent in 1948.
- ↑ North Korea only became independent in 1948.
- ↑ Ibn Saud was Emir of Nejd and Hasa between 1902 and 1921, Sultan of Nejd between 1921 and 1927, King of Nejd between 1927 and 1932 additionally King of Hejaz between 1926 and 1932 (collectively referred to as King of Nejd and Hejaz), and King of Saudi Arabia from 1932.
- ↑ German prisoner between 1940 an 1945, in exile between 1945 and 1950.
- ↑ The Communist party only gained supreme power over the country in 1948.
- ↑ Björnsson was regent under the kingdom between 1941 and 1944.
- ↑ In exile between 1940 and 1945.
- ↑ In exile between 1940 and 1944.
- ↑ In exile between 1940 and 1945.
- ↑ The seven member Swiss Federal Council is the collective head of state and the government of Switzerland. Within the Council, the President of the Swiss Confederation serves solely in a primus inter pares capacity for one year.
External links
This article is issued from Wikipedia - version of the 11/8/2016. The text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution/Share Alike but additional terms may apply for the media files.