Spain at the 1992 Summer Paralympics
| Spain at the 1992 Summer Paralympics | |||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
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| IPC code | ESP | ||||||||
| NPC | Spanish Paralympic Committee | ||||||||
| Website |
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| in Barcelona | |||||||||
| Medals Ranked 4th |
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| Summer Paralympics appearances | |||||||||
In 1992, Spain had competitors in archery, wheelchair basketball, swimming, weightlifting, shooting, boccia, cycling, fencing, judo, tennis, 7-per-side football, table tennis and athletics.[1]
Spain won 34 gold medal, 41 silver medals and 32 bronze medals.[1] Spain finished fourth in total medals.[2]
Background
The Games were held in Barcelona. Competitors with spinal cord injuries, amputations, cerebral palsy, Les Autres and vision impairments were eligible to compete in these Games.[3]
Hosting
In 1992, the Games were held at home for Spain, with the Games being staged in Barcelona.[4] 82 countries participated.[5] These were the first Games to be broadcast live on television.[6] The Games used the same venues as the Summer Olympics.[7]
Organizers decided to not charge an admission fee to events in order to attempt to foster interest locally in disability sport.[8] Domestically, there was very little interest in the Paralympic Games when compared to the Olympic Games.[2]
Intellectual disabilities
A separate competition was held in Madrid where competitors with intellectual disabilities competed that ran immediately following the completion of the 1992 Paralympics. The Games were sponsored by the Association Nacional Prestura de Servicio (ANDE) and sanctioned by the International Coordinating Committee of World Sport Organizations for the Disabled and the International Association of Sport for the Mentally Handicapped Spain led efforts to include competitors with intellectual disabilities into the Paralympic movement, creating an international federation for these competitors in 1986.[9][10][11]
Archery
1 of Spain's silver medals came in archery. It was won by an archer with a physical disability.[1]
| Event | Gold | Silver | Bronze |
|---|---|---|---|
| Men's teams open |
 South Korea (KOR) Hyun Kwan Cho Sung Hee Kim Hak Young Lee |
Spain (ESP) Jose Luis Hermosin Jose Fernandez Antonio Rebollo |
 France (FRA) Jean-Michel Favre Jean Francois Garcia Rene Le Bras |
Athletics
22 of Spain's gold medals, 14 silver medals and 12 bronze medals came in athletics. 35 medals were won by athletes with vision impairments, 9 by athletes with physical disabilities and 4 by athletes with cerebral palsy.[1]
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Boccia
2 of Spain's gold medals came in boccia. Both were won by players with cerebral palsy.[1]
| Event | Gold | Silver | Bronze |
|---|---|---|---|
| Mixed individual C1 |
Antonio Cid Spain |
James Thomson United States |
Henrik Jorgensen Denmark |
| Mixed team C1–C2 |
Spain (ESP) Manuel Fernandez Daniel Outeiro Juan Tellechea Antonio Cid |
Denmark (DEN) Henrik Jorgensen Mansoor Siddiqi Lone Bak-Pedersen Tove Jacobsen |
 Ireland (IRL) Martin McDonagh Thomas Leahy Jason Kearney William Johnston |
Cycling
1 of Spain's gold medals and 3 bronze medals came in cycling. 2 medals were won by athletes with vision impairments, and 2 with physical disabilities.[1]
| Event | Gold | Silver | Bronze | Jong Kil Kim South Korea |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Men's road race LC1 |
Francisco Trujillo France |
Wolfgang Eibeck Austria |
Jose Antonio Garcia Spain | |
| Men's road race LC3 |
Norbert Zettler Austria |
Pier Beltram United States |
Miguel Perez Spain | |
| Men's tandem open |
 Germany (GER) Hans-Jorg Furrer Frank Hoefle |
 Netherlands (NED) Catharinus Beumer Jan Mulder |
Spain (ESP) Jose Santiago Juan Carlos Molina | |
| Mixed tandem open |
Spain (ESP) Ignacio Rodriguez Belen Perez |
United States (USA) Elizabeth Heller Gregory Evangelatos |
 Italy (ITA) Maria Erlacher Klaus Fruet |
Wheelchair fencing
1 of Spain's gold medals and 2 bronze medals came in fencing. All were won by fencers with physical disabilities.[1]
| Event | Gold | Silver | Bronze |
|---|---|---|---|
| Épée 2 |
Esther Weber Germany |
Mariella Bertini Italy |
Gema Victoria Hassen Bey Spain |
| Épée 3–4 |
Francisca Bazalo Spain |
Josette Bourgain France |
Laura Presutto Italy |
| Team épée |
Italy (ITA) Mariella Bertini Rossana Giarrizzo Laura Presutto Deborah Taffoni |
France (FRA) Josette Bourgain Patricia Picot Veronique Soetemondt |
Spain (ESP) Francisca Bazalo Gema Victoria Hassen Bey Cristina Perez |
Judo
1 of Spain's gold medals, 1 silver medal came in athletics. Both were won by athletes with vision impairments.[1]
| Event | Gold | Silver | Bronze |
|---|---|---|---|
| Men's 65 kg |
Juan Damian Matos Spain |
Shinichi Ishizue Japan |
Akhmed Gazimagomedov Unified Team |
Michael Murch Great Britain | |||
| Men's 71 kg |
Simon Jackson Great Britain |
Mario Talavera Spain |
Pier Morten Canada |
| Eiji Miyauchi Japan |
Shooting
1 of Spain's silver medals came in shooting. It was won by a shooter with a physical disability.[1]
| Event | Gold | Silver | Bronze |
|---|---|---|---|
| Mixed sport pistol SH1–3 |
Jan Boonen.svg.png){kind=small} Belgium |
Luis Salgado Spain |
Hubert Aufschnaiter Austria |
Swimming
7 of Spain's gold medals, 14 silver medals and 22 bronze medals came in swimming. 9 medals were won by swimmers with vision impairments, 28 by swimmers with physical disabilities and 6 by swimmers with cerebral palsy.[1]
| Event | Gold | Silver | Bronze |
|---|---|---|---|
| 50 m butterfly S5 |
Pascal Pinard France |
Thierry le Gloanic France |
Javier Torres Spain |
| 50 m butterfly S6 |
David Foppolo France |
Peter Lund Denmark |
Jesus Iglesias Spain |
| 50 m freestyle B2 |
Christopher Holmes Great Britain |
Pablo Corral Spain |
Kingsley Bugarin Australia |
Fredrik Nasman Sweden | |||
| 50 m freestyle S3 |
Jean-Louis Flamengo France |
Jordi Pascual Spain |
Tommy Hunter Great Britain |
| 50 m freestyle S4 |
Pierre Bellot France |
Gene Viens United States |
Pau Marc Munoz Spain |
| 50 m freestyle S6 |
Peter Lund Denmark |
Jesus Iglesias Spain |
Kevin Sullivan United States |
| 100 m breaststroke B1 |
Christian Bundgaard Denmark |
John Morgan United States |
Jordi Mari Spain |
| 100 m breaststroke B2 |
Vitalii Krylov Unified Team |
Kingsley Bugarin Australia |
Jose Pedrajas Spain |
| 100 m breaststroke SB3 |
Bernd Eickemeyer Germany |
John Petersson Denmark |
Javier Torres Spain |
| 100 m breaststroke SB6 |
Matthias Schlubeck Germany |
Simon Ahlstad Sweden |
Juan Castane Spain |
| 100 m butterfly B1–2 |
John Morgan United States |
Tim Reddish Great Britain |
Pablo Corral Spain |
| 100 m freestyle B2 |
Christopher Holmes Great Britain |
Pablo Corral Spain |
Tim Reddish Great Britain |
| 100 m freestyle S3 |
Jean-Louis Flamengo France |
Tommy Hunter Great Britain |
Jordi Pascual Spain |
| 100 m freestyle S4 |
Pierre Bellot France |
Pau Marc Munoz Spain |
Stig Morten Sandvik Norway |
| 100 m freestyle S6 |
Peter Lund Denmark |
Kevin Sullivan United States |
Jesus Iglesias Spain |
| 150 m individual medley SM3 |
Jean-Louis Flamengo France |
Kenneth Cairns Great Britain |
Jordi Pascual Spain |
| 150 m individual medley SM4 |
Krzysztof Sleczka Poland |
Javier Torres Spain |
John Petersson Denmark |
| 200 m backstroke B2 |
Christopher Holmes Great Britain |
Juan Diego Gil Spain |
Ziv Better Israel |
| 200 m breaststroke B2 |
Vitalii Krylov Unified Team |
Kingsley Bugarin Australia |
Jose Pedrajas Spain |
| 200 m freestyle S6 |
Peter Lund Denmark |
Jeremy Gervan Canada |
Jesus Iglesias Spain |
| 200 m individual medley B2 |
Christopher Holmes Great Britain |
Kingsley Bugarin Australia |
Pablo Corral Spain |
| 200 m individual medley SM6 |
Eric Lindmann France |
Sebastian Xhrouet Belgium |
Roger Vial Spain |
| 400 m freestyle B2 |
Christopher Holmes Great Britain |
Ziv Better Israel |
Daniel Llambrich Spain |
| 4×50 m freestyle relay S1–6 |
Spain (ESP) Juan Fuertes Javier Torres Roger Vial Jesus Iglesias |
France (FRA) Pascal Pinard Eric Lindmann Thierry le Gloanic David Foppolo |
Great Britain (GBR) William McQueen Mark Butler Andrew Stubbs Kevin Walsh |
| 4×50 m medley relay S1–6 |
France (FRA) Thierry le Gloanic Eric Lindmann David Foppolo Pascal Pinard |
Spain (ESP) Juan Fuertes Javier Torres Juan Castane Jesus Iglesias |
United States (USA) Gary Bogue Gregory Burns Daniel Butler Kevin Sullivan |
| 50 m backstroke S2 |
Sonia Guirado Spain |
Mairead Berry Ireland |
Sandrine Serres France |
| 50 m backstroke S3–4 |
Arancha Gonzalez Spain |
M. Paz Montserrat Spain |
Susana Carvalheira Portugal |
| 50 m breaststroke SB2 |
Tara Flood Great Britain |
Regina Cachan Spain |
Frouwkje Harkema Netherlands |
| 50 m butterfly S3–4 |
Tracy Barrell Australia |
Regina Cachan Spain |
Jaenette Bouma Netherlands |
| 50 m freestyle S2 |
Liv Tone Lind Norway |
Sandrine Serres France |
Sonia Guirado Spain |
| 50 m freestyle S3–4 |
Arancha Gonzalez Spain |
M. Paz Montserrat Spain |
Tara Flood Great Britain |
| 100 m breaststroke SB4 |
Outi Hokkanen Sweden |
Jennifer Newstead New Zealand |
Ana Martin Spain |
| 100 m breaststroke SB9 |
Begona Reina Spain |
Kristina Brokholc Sweden |
Beate Lobenstein Germany |
| 100 m butterfly S8 |
Laura Tramuns Spain |
Silvia Vives Spain |
Asa Wilhelmsson Sweden |
| 100 m butterfly S10 |
Claudia Hengst Germany |
Ana Bernardo Spain |
Judith Young Australia |
| 100 m freestyle S2 |
Liv Tone Lind Norway |
Sandrine Serres France |
Sonia Guirado Spain |
| 100 m freestyle S3–4 |
Arancha Gonzalez Spain |
Tara Flood Great Britain |
M. Paz Montserrat Spain |
| 400 m freestyle S10 |
Claudia Hengst Germany |
Sarah Bailey Great Britain |
Ana Bernardo Spain |
Table tennis
3 of Spain's bronze medals came in table tennis. All medals were won by table tennis players with physical disabilities.[1]
| Event | Gold | Silver | Bronze |
|---|---|---|---|
| Open 6–10 |
Kimmo Jokinen Finland |
Michael Gerke Germany |
Gilles de la Bourdonnaye France |
| Enrique Agudo Spain | |||
| Singles 5 |
Kam Shing Kwong.svg.png){kind=small} Hong Kong |
Guy Tisserant France |
So Boo Kim South Korea |
| Manuel Robles Spain | |||
| Singles 10 |
Michael Gerke Germany |
Gilles de la Bourdonnaye France |
Thomas Goeller Austria |
| Enrique Agudo Spain |
Wheelchair basketball
When Spain played the United States on the second day of competition, 12,500 people were in attendance. Organizers had to turn away 4,000 people who had wanted to attend.[12] Philip Craven, future President of the International Paralympic Committee, played his first Paralympic Games wheelchair basketball at these games when he scored 30 points against the Spanish team.[13]
References
- 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 http://www.paralimpico.es/publicacion/5SC_juegos/259SS_juegosparal.asp
- 1 2 James Riordan; Arnd Krüger (1 January 2003). European Cultures in Sport: Examining the Nations and Regions. Intellect Books. p. 133. ISBN 978-1-84150-014-0. Retrieved 22 July 2013.
- ↑ Karen P. DePauw; Susan J. Gavron (2005). Disability Sport. Human Kinetics 1. p. 91. ISBN 978-1-4504-0847-9. Retrieved 22 July 2013.
- ↑ Centre of Excellence Defence Against Terrorism (1 January 2007). Amputee Sports for Victims of Terrorism. IOS Press. pp. 3–. ISBN 978-1-58603-808-3. Retrieved 22 July 2013.
- ↑ Kristine Toohey; Anthony James Veal (2007). The Olympic Games: A Social Science Perspective. CABI. pp. 79–. ISBN 978-1-84593-346-3. Retrieved 22 July 2013.
- ↑ Stephen Halliday (9 March 2012). Amazing & Extraordinary Facts - The Olympics. David & Charles. p. 119. ISBN 978-1-4463-5617-3. Retrieved 22 July 2013.
- ↑ Robert Daniel Steadward; Watkinson, E. J. (Elizabeth Jane); Garry David Wheeler (2003). Adapted Physical Activity. University of Alberta. p. 483. ISBN 978-0-88864-375-9. Retrieved 22 July 2013.
- ↑ David Howe (11 February 2008). The Cultural Politics of the Paralympic Movement: Through an Anthropological Lens. Taylor & Francis. ISBN 978-0-203-50609-7. Retrieved 22 July 2013.
- ↑ Karen P. DePauw; Susan J. Gavron (2005). Disability Sport. Human Kinetics 1. p. 283. ISBN 978-1-4504-0847-9. Retrieved 22 July 2013.
- ↑ "Madrid 1992 – the Paralympic Games that time forgot!". Paralympicanorak.wordpress.com. June 25, 2012. Retrieved October 13, 2012.
- ↑ DePauw, Karen P; Rich, Sarah (Winter 1993). "1992 Ad". Palaestra. Retrieved 11 February 2012.
- ↑ Steve Bailey (28 February 2008). Athlete First: A History of the Paralympic Movement. John Wiley & Sons. p. 128. ISBN 978-0-470-72431-6. Retrieved 22 July 2013.
- ↑ Horst Strohkendl (1996). The 50th Anniversary of Wheelchair Basketball: A History. Waxmann Verlag. pp. 66–. ISBN 978-3-8309-5441-5. Retrieved 22 July 2013.