1,2,4-Trimethylbenzene

1,2,4-Trimethylbenzene[1]
Names
IUPAC name
1,2,4-Trimethylbenzene
Other names
Pseudocumene,
Asymmetrical trimethylbenzene,
psi-cumene
Identifiers
95-63-6 YesY
3D model (Jmol) Interactive image
ChEBI CHEBI:34039 YesY
ChemSpider 6977 YesY
ECHA InfoCard 100.002.216
KEGG C14533 YesY
Properties
C9H12
Molar mass 120.19 g/mol
Appearance Colorless liquid
Density 0.8761 g/cm3
Melting point −43.78 °C (−46.80 °F; 229.37 K)
Boiling point 169 to 171 °C (336 to 340 °F; 442 to 444 K)
Hazards
Safety data sheet Sigma-Aldrich MSDS
Harmful (Xn); Dangerous for the environment (N)
Flash point 44.4 °C (111.9 °F; 317.5 K)
Explosive limits 0.9%–6.4%[2]
US health exposure limits (NIOSH):
PEL (Permissible)
 none[2]
Except where otherwise noted, data are given for materials in their standard state (at 25 °C [77 °F], 100 kPa).
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Infobox references

1,2,4-Trimethylbenzene, also known as pseudocumene, is an organic compound with the chemical formula C6H3(CH3)3. Classified as an aromatic hydrocarbon, it is a flammable colorless liquid with a strong odor. It is nearly insoluble in water but soluble in organic solvents. It occurs naturally in coal tar and petroleum (about 3%).

Production

Industrially, it is isolated from the C9 aromatic hydrocarbon fraction during petroleum distillation. Approximately 40% of this fraction is 1,2,4-trimethylbenzene. It is also generated by methylation of toluene and xylenes and the disproportionation of xylene over aluminosilicate catalysts.[3]

Uses

Pseudocumene is a precursor to mellitic anhydride, from which high performance polymers are made. It is also used as a sterilizing agent and in the manufacture of dyes, perfumes, and resins. Another major use is as a gasoline additive.[4]

Scintillator

1,2,4-Trimethylbenzene dissolved in mineral oil is used as a liquid scintillator [5] in particle physics experiments such as NOνA and Borexino.

See also

References

  1. ↑ Merck Index, 11th Edition, 7929
  2. 1 2 "NIOSH Pocket Guide to Chemical Hazards #0638". National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH).
  3. ↑ Karl Griesbaum, Arno Behr, Dieter Biedenkapp, Heinz-Werner Voges, Dorothea Garbe, Christian Paetz, Gerd Collin, Dieter Mayer, Hartmut Höke "Hydrocarbons" in Ullmann's Encyclopedia of Industrial Chemistry 2002 Wiley-VCH, Weinheim. doi:10.1002/14356007.a13_227
  4. ↑ "Chemical Summary for 1,2,4-Trimethylbenzene" (text). United States Environmental Protection Agency. 1994-08-01. Retrieved 2008-01-28.
  5. ↑ Mufson, S.; et al. (November 1, 2015). "Liquid scintillator production for the NOvA experiment". Nuclear Instruments and Methods A. 799: 1. arXiv:1504.04035Freely accessible. Bibcode:2015NIMPA.799....1M. doi:10.1016/j.nima.2015.07.026. Retrieved 2016-06-15.

External links

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