Locomotives of the London and North Eastern Railway
The London and North Eastern Railway (LNER) produced several classes of locomotive, mostly to the designs of Nigel Gresley, characterised by a three-cylinder layout with a parallel boiler and round-topped firebox. It produced the most iconic locomotive of its day, 4468 'Mallard', the holder of the world steam locomotive speed record. It also built the world-famous 4472 'Flying Scotsman'. However, its locomotive inheritance was much greater than just the 'A4 Class', it also produced highly successful mixed-traffic and freight designs.
- For an explanation of the classification and numbering systems used by the LNER and its constituent companies, see: LNER locomotive numbering and classification.
Locomotives of constituent companies
Great Central Railway
Including the Manchester, Sheffield and Lincolnshire Railway
Charles Sacré (1859–1886)
Class | Type | Quantity | Manufacturer | Date | LNER Class | Notes |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
4 | 0-4-0ST | 2 | Manning Wardle | 1883 | Y2 | Manning Wardle Class H |
6B | 4-4-0 | 27 | 1877–80 | D12 | ||
6C | 0-6-0 | 62 | Gorton Works | 1880–85 | J12 | |
12A | 2-4-0 | 28 | 1875–85 | (none) | ||
12AT | 2-4-0T | 8 | Gorton Works | 1881 | E8 | |
7 | 0-6-0T | 6 | 1885 | (none) | ||
4 | 0-6-0ST | 1 | Manning Wardle | 1873 | J69/1 | Acquired 1876 |
18 | 0-6-0 | 1869–73 | (none) | Twenty rebuilt as tank engine 1902–05 | ||
18 Converted | 0-6-0ST | 20 | 1869–71 | J58 | Rebuilt from tender engines 1902–05 | |
18T | 0-6-0ST | 41 | 1871–81 | J59 |
Thomas Parker (1886–1893)
Class | Type | Quantity | Manufacturer | Date | LNER Class | Notes |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
2 | 4-4-0 | 25 | Kitson & Co. (13) Gorton Works (12) | 1887–1892 | D7 | |
3 | 2-4-2T | 39 | 1889–1892 | F1 | ||
6AI | 0-6-0 | 12 | 1888 | J8 | ||
6D | 2-4-0 | 3 | Gorton Works | 1887 | E2 | |
6DB | 4-4-0 | 3 | Gorton Works | 1888 | D8 | |
9 | 0-6-0 | 6 | Gorton Works | 1888–89 | J13 | |
9A | 0-6-2T | 55 | 1889–92 | N4 | ||
9B & 9E | 0-6-0 | 31 | Neilson & Co. (25) ? (6) | 1891–95 | J9 | |
9C & 9F | 0-6-2T | 129 | 1891–1901 | N5 | Includes two acquired with Wrexham, Mold and Connah's Quay Railway | |
9D, 9H & 9M | 0-6-0 | 124 | 1892–1902 | J10 |
Harry Pollitt (1893–1900)
Class | Type | Quantity | Manufacturer | Date | LNER Class | Notes |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
2A | 4-4-0 | 6 | Gorton Works | 1887–1892 | D7 | |
5 | 0-6-0ST | 12 | Gorton Works | 1897 | J62 | |
9G | 2-4-2T | 10 | Beyer, Peacock & Co. | 1896 | F2 | |
11 | 4-4-0 | 6 | Gorton Works | 1894–95 | D5 | |
11A | 4-4-0 | 33 | Gorton Works (13) Beyer, Peacock & Co. (20) | 1897–99 | D6 | |
13 | 4-2-2 | 6 | 1900 | X4 |
John G. Robinson (1900–22)
see John G. Robinson
Class | Type | Quantity | Manufacturer | Date | LNER Class | 1946 LNER nos. | Notes |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
8C | 4-6-0 | 2 | Beyer, Peacock & Co. | 1903–04 | B1 | 1479–80 | later LNER Class B18 |
1 | 4-6-0 | 6 | Gorton Works | 1912–13 | B2 | 1490–93 | “Sir Sam Fay” class; later LNER Class B19 |
9P | 4-6-0 | 6 | Gorton Works | 1917–20 | B3 | 1494–99 | “Lord Faringdon” class |
8F | 4-6-0 | 10 | Beyer, Peacock & Co. | 1906 | B4 | 1481–89 | “Immingham” class |
8 | 4-6-0 | 14 | Neilson & Co. (6) Beyer, Peacock & Co. (8) | 1902–04 | B5 | 1678–90 | |
8N | 4-6-0 | 3 | Gorton Works | 1918–21 | B6 | 1346–48 | |
9Q | 4-6-0 | 38 | Gorton Works (23) Vulcan Foundry (10) Beyer, Peacock & Co. (5) | 1921–23 | B7 | 1360–97 | |
1A | 4-6-0 | 11 | Gorton Works | 1913–15 | B8 | 1349–59 | “Glenalmond” class |
8G | 4-6-0 | 10 | Beyer, Peacock & Co. | 1906 | B9 | 1469–78 | |
8B/8J | 4-4-2 | 27 | Beyer, Peacock & Co. (7) North British Loco. Co. (12) Gorton Works (8) | 1903–06 | C4 | 2900–25 | |
8D/8E | 4-4-2 | 4 | Gorton Works | 1905–06 | C5 | 2895–98 | [1] Three-cylinder compounds |
11B/11C/11D | 4-4-0 | 40 | Sharp, Stewart & Co. (30) Vulcan Foundry (10) | 1901–04 | D9 | 2300–33 | |
11E | 4-4-0 | 10 | Gorton Works | 1913 | D10 | 2650–59 | “Director” class |
11F | 4-4-0 | 35 | Armstrong Whitworth (12) Gorton Works (11) Kitson & Co. (12) | 1919–24 | D11 | 2660–94 | “Improved Director” class |
9J | 0-6-0 | 174 | Neilson, Reid & Co. (49) Beyer, Peacock & Co. (25) Gorton Works (70) Vulcan Foundry (15) Yorkshire Engine Co. (15) | 1901–10 | J11 | 4280–4453 | |
8K | 2-8-0 | 126 | Gorton Works (56) Kitson & Co. (20) North British Loco. Co. (50) | 1911–14 | O4 | 3570–3900 | Another 521 built for the government, of which 276 later came to the LNER. 58 converted to “O1” between 1944 and 1952 |
8M | 2-8-0 | 19 | Gorton Works | 1918–21 | O5 | 3902–3920 | All eventually converted to “O4” |
8A | 0-8-0 | 89 | Gorton Works (35) Kitson & Co. (51) Neilson, Reid & Co. (3) | 1902–11 | Q4 | 3200–43, 9925–37 | 13 converted to tanks by LNER (class Q1) 1942–45 |
9N | 4-6-2T | 21 | Gorton Works | 1911–17 | A5 | 9800–20 | 24 more built by LNER 1923–26 |
9K | 4-4-2T | 40 | Gorton Works (28) Vulcan Foundry (12) | 1903–05 | C13 | 7400–39 | |
9L | 4-4-2T | 12 | Beyer, Peacock & Co. | 1907 | C14 | 7440–51 | |
4 | 0-6-0ST | 1 | Hudswell Clarke | 1909 | J69/1 | — | [2] Acquired 1911 |
5A | 0-6-0T | 7 | Gorton Works | 1906–14 | J63 | 8204–10 | [3] |
1B | 2-6-4T | 20 | Gorton Works | 1914–17 | L1 | 9050–69 | [4] LNER class L3 from 1945 |
8H | 0-8-4T | 4 | Beyer, Peacock & Co. | 1907–08 | S1 | 9900–05 | [2] Two more built by LNER in 1932 |
Lancashire, Derbyshire and East Coast Railway
The Lancashire, Derbyshire and East Coast Railway was absorbed by the Great Central Railway on 1 January 1907.
Class | W.A. | Quantity | Manufacturer | Date | LNER Class | Notes |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
A | 0-6-2T | 18 | Kitson & Co. | 1895–1900 | N6 | [5] LDEC Nos. 1–8, 19–28. Five more that had been ordered were sold by Kitson's to the Hull and Barnsley Railway |
B | 0-6-0T | 4 | Kitson & Co. | 1897 | J60 | [6] LDEC Nos. 9–12 |
C | 0-4-4T | 6 | Kitson & Co. | 1897–1898 | G3 | [7] LDEC Nos. 13–18 |
D | 0-6-4T | 9 | Kitson & Co. | 1904–06 | M1 | [8] LDEC Nos. 29–34, A1–13; GCR 1148–1153, 1145–47 |
Great Eastern Railway
Great North of Scotland Railway
In 1923 the Great North of Scotland Railway passed on a total of 122 locomotives, 100 4-4-0 tender locomotives and 22 tank engines, all capable of being used on either passenger or goods trains, to the LNER.[9]
Locomotive superintendent | GNoSR Class | LNER class | Quantity Built | Passed to LNER | WA | Manufacturer | Date introduced | Date withdrawn | Notes | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
William Cowan (1857–83) |
K | D47/2 | 6 | 3 | 4-4-0 | Neilson & Co. | 1866 | 1921–25 | [10] | |
L | D47/1 | 6 | 6 | 4-4-0 | Neilson & Co. | 1876 | 1924–26 | [11] | ||
M | D45 | 9 | 9 | 4-4-0 | Neilson & Co. | 1878 | 1925–32 | [11] | ||
C | D39 | 3 | 3 | 4-4-0 | Neilson & Co. | 1879 | 1925–27 | [11] | ||
James Manson (1883–90) |
A | D44 | 6 | 6 | 4-4-0 | Kitson & Co. | 1884 | 1924–32 | [12] | |
G | D48 | 3 | 3 | 4-4-0 | Kitson & Co. | 1885 | 1928–34 | [12] | ||
D | J90 | 6 | 6 | 0-6-0T | Kitson & Co. | 1884 | 1932–36 | [13] | ||
E | J91 | 3 | 3 | 0-6-0T | Kitson & Co. | 1885 | 1931–34 | [13] | ||
N | D46 | 2 | 2 | 4-4-0 | GNSR Kittybrewster | 1887 | 1932–36 | [14] | ||
O | D42 | 9 | 9 | 4-4-0 | Kitson & Co. | 1888 | 1935–46 | [15] | ||
P | D43 | 3 | 3 | 4-4-0 | R. Stephenson & Co. | 1890 | 1936–38 | [16] | ||
Q | D38 | 3 | 3 | 4-4-0 | R. Stephenson & Co. | 1890 | 1931–38 | [16] | ||
James Johnson (1890–94) |
R | G10 | 9 | 9 | 0-4-4T | Neilson & Co. | 1893 | 1937–47 | [17] | |
S | D41 | 6 | 6 | 4-4-0 | Neilson & Co. | 1893 | 1947– | [18] | ||
William Pickersgill (1894–1914) |
T | D41 | 26 | 26 | 4-4-0 | Neilson & Co. | 1895–98 | 1946– | [19] | |
V | D40 | 5 | 13 | 4-4-0 | Neilson & Co. | 1899–1900 | 1946– | Ten were ordered, five sold to the SE&CR[20] | ||
V | D40 | 8 | 4-4-0 | GNSR Inverurie | 1910–15 | 1947– | [21] | |||
Thomas E. Heywood (1914–23) |
Y | Z5 | 2 | 2 | 0-4-2T | Manning Wardle | 1915 | [22] | ||
X | Z5, later Z4 | 2 | 2 | 0-4-2T | Manning Wardle | 1915 | [22] | |||
F | D40 | 6 | 8 | 4-4-0 | North British Loco. Co. | 1920 | Named[23] | |||
F | D40 | 2 | 4-4-0 | GNSR Inverurie | 1921 | Named[23] |
Great Northern Railway
Hull and Barnsley Railway
The H&BR was taken over by the North Eastern Railway (NER) in 1922.
Class | W.A. | Quantity | Manufacturer | Date | LNER Class | Notes |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
A | 0-6-0T | 12 | Beyer, Peacock & Co. | 1884 | — | |
B | 0-6-0 | 20 | Beyer, Peacock & Co. | 1884 | — | |
C | 2-4-0 | 10 | Beyer, Peacock & Co. | 1885 | — | |
K | 0-4-0WT | 6 | Kitson & Co. | 1886–89 | — | |
B | 0-6-0 | 55 | Kitson & Co. (36) Vulcan Foundry (4) Yorkshire Engine Co. (15) | 1889–1908 | J23 | |
G2 | 0-6-0T | 3 | R. Stephenson & Co. | 1892 | J80 | |
F1 | 0-6-2T | 5 | Kitson & Co. | 1900 | N11 | Ordered by the Lancashire, Derbyshire and East Coast Railway |
F2 | 0-6-2T | 9 | Kitson & Co. | 1901 | N12 | |
G3 | 0-6-0T | 16 | Yorkshire Engine Co. (6) Kitson & Co. (10) | 1901–08 | J75 | |
A | 0-8-0 | 15 | Yorkshire Engine Co. | 1907 | Q10 | |
J | 4-4-0 | 5 | Kitson & Co. | 1910 | D24 | |
L1 | 0-6-0 | 10 | Kitson & Co. | 1911–12 | J28 | |
L | 0-6-0 | 5 | Yorkshire Engine Co. | 1914 | J28 | |
LS | 0-6-0 | 5 | Kitson & Co. | 1915 | J28 | |
F3 | 0-6-2T | 10 | Hawthorn Leslie | 1913–14 | N13 |
Metropolitan Railway
These three classes were taken into LNER stock on 1 November 1937. The other former Metropolitan locomotives were retained by London Transport, which had acquired all of them at its formation on 1 July 1933.[24]
Class | W.A. | Quantity | Manufacturer | Date | LNER Class | Notes |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
G | 0-6-4T | 4 | Yorkshire Engine Co. | 1915 | M2 | |
H | 4-4-4T | 8 | Kerr, Stuart & Co. | 1920–21 | H2 | |
K | 2-6-4T | 6 | Armstrong Whitworth | 1925 | L2 |
Midland and Great Northern Joint Railway
M&GN locomotives were taken into LNER stock on 1 October 1936.
Class | W.A. | Quantity | Manufacturer | Date | LNER Class | Notes |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
M&GN Class A | 4-4-2T | 3 | Melton Constable Works | 1904–1910 | C17 | M&GN Nos. 41, 20, 9 |
M&GN Class C | 4-4-0 | 40 | Sharp, Stewart & Co. (33) Beyer, Peacock & Co. (7) | 1894–1899 | D52/D53/D54 | LNER class based on firebox variations |
North British Railway
North Eastern Railway
Locomotives built by the LNER
Gresley designs
Class | Wheel arrangement | Quantity | Manufacturer | Date | Post-1946 numbers | Notes |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
A3 | 4-6-2 | 27 | Doncaster Works North British Loco. Co. | 1928–35 | 35–112 | +51 rebuilds of A1 |
A4 | 4-6-2 | 35 | Doncaster Works | 1935–38 | 1–34 | Streamlined |
B17 | 4-6-0 | 73 | North British Loco. Co. (10) Darlington Works (52) R. Stephenson & Co. (11) | 1928–37 | 1600–1672 | [25]Two were streamlined in "A4" style |
D49 | 4-4-0 | 76 | Darlington Works | 1927–35 | 2700–2775 | Named after counties & hunts. |
J38 | 0-6-0 | 35 | Darlington Works | 1926 | 5900–5934 | |
J39 | 0-6-0 | 289 | Darlington Works (261) Beyer, Peacock & Co. (28) | 1926–41 | 4700–4988 | |
K4 | 2-6-0 | 5 | Darlington Works | 1937–39 | 1993–1998 | One later rebuilt by Thompson as K1 |
P1 | 2-8-2 | 2 | Doncaster Works | 1925 | — | |
P2 | 2-8-2 | 6 | Doncaster Works | 1934–36 | 501–506 | later streamlined – all rebuilt as A2/2 during 1941–44 |
U1 | 2-8-0+0-8-2 | 1 | Beyer, Peacock & Co. | 1925 | 9999 | Garratt – for banking on Worsborough incline |
V1 | 2-6-2T | 82 | Doncaster Works | 1930–39 | 7600–7681 | 63 later rebuilt as V3 |
V2 | 2-6-2 | 184 | Doncaster Works Darlington Works | 1936–44 | 800–983 | Three-cylinder |
V3 | 2-6-2T | 10 | Doncaster Works | 1939-40 | 7682–7691 | +63 rebuilds of V1 – larger boiler development of V1 |
V4 | 2-6-2 | 2 | Doncaster Works | 1941 | 1700–1701 | Three-cylinder |
W1 | 4-6-4 | 1 | Darlington Works | 1929 | 10000 | experimental high pressure locomotive, later rebuilt in "A4" style. |
Thompson designs
Class | Wheel arrangement | Quantity | Manufacturer | Date | Post 1946 numbers | Notes |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
A1/1 | 4-6-2 | 1 | 1945 | 113 | Rebuild of Gresley A1 “Great Northern” | |
A2/2 | 4-6-2 | 6 | 1943 | 501–506 | Rebuilds of Gresley “P2” 2-8-2s | |
A2/1 | 4-6-2 | 4 | Darlington Works | 1944 | 507–510 | Derived from V2 2-6-2 design. |
A2/3 | 4-6-2 | 15 | Doncaster Works | 1946–47 | 500, 511–524 | |
B1 | 4-6-0 | 274 | Darlington Works North British Loco. Co. Vulcan Foundry | 1942–52 | 1000–1273 | [26]Another 136 (Nos.61274–61409) built by BR |
B2 | 4-6-0 | 9 | 1945–49 | [27] Rebuilds of Gresley B17 class | ||
K1 | 2-6-0 | 1 | 1945 | 1997 | Rebuild of Gresley K4 class | |
K5 | 2-6-0 | 1 | 1945 | 1841 | Rebuild of Gresley K3 class | |
O1 | 2-8-0 | 58 | 1944 | Rebuilds of Robinson “O4” class | ||
L1 | 2-6-4T | 1 | Darlington Works | 1945 | 7701 | Another 99 built by BR 1949–50 |
Q1 | 0-8-0T | 13 | 1942–43 | 9925–9937 | Rebuilds of Robinson “Q4” class tender engines |
Peppercorn designs
Class | Wheel arrangement | Quantity | Manufacturer | Date | Number | Notes |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
A2 | 4-6-2 | 1 | Doncaster Works | 1947 | 525 | 14 more built by BR 1948 |
Another A1, "Tornado" has been built by subscription among LNER (and other) locomotive enthusiasts, and came into service in 2008. In total it cost £3 million. Again under the chairmanship of Mark Allatt, the team is (2014) now raising funds most successfully to build another Gresley P2 2-8-2 of the "Cock O'the North" Class, to be called "Prince of Wales". Both new steam locomotives are the product of a restored railway works in Darlington.
Other designs
- LNER Class J72 – NER Class E1
- LNER Class J94 – WD Austerity 0-6-0ST
- LNER Class O6 – LMS Stanier Class 8F – 60 loaned to the LNER 1943–47; 68 purchased 1945–46, sold to LMS 1947
- LNER Class O7 – WD Austerity 2-8-0 – 350 loaned to the LNER 1943–47; 200 purchased 1946; 270 loaned to the LNER 1947
- USATC S160 Class – 168 loaned to the LNER 1942–1945
- WD Austerity 2-10-0 – 13 loaned to the LNER 1943–44; 20 loaned 1945–46
- LNER Class Y1 – Sentinel shunter
- LNER Class Y3 – Sentinel shunter
- LNER Class Y10 – Sentinel shunter
- LNER Class Y11 – Simplex 0-4-0 petrol locomotive (later British Rail 15097–15099)
Post-Nationalisation
British Railways continued to build LNER designs (the B1 and L1 classes in particular) immediately after Nationalisation. Remarkably, it even built a new series of shunting locomotives (J72 class) to a pre-Grouping design (of the North Eastern Railway). However, it was to be the Eastern Region that took the first of BR's new Standard locomotives, 70000 'Britannia', for its Great Eastern Main Line workings to Norwich in 1951.
BR built 396 locomotives to ex-LNER designs. One of these, the J72 Class was a North Eastern Railway design dating from 1898.
Class | Wheel arrangement | Quantity | Manufacturer | Date | Numbers | Notes |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Peppercorn A1 | 4-6-2 | 49 | Doncaster Works (26) Darlington Works (23) |
1948-49 | 60114–162 | |
Peppercorn A2 | 4-6-2 | 14 | Doncaster Works | 1948 | 60526–539 | |
Thompson B1 | 4-6-0 | 136 | North British Loco. Co.(106) Gorton Works (10) Darlington Works (20) |
1948–52 | 61273–409 | [26] |
J72 | 0-6-0T | 28 | Darlington Works | 1949–51 | 69001–28 | NER Class E1 |
Thompson/Peppercorn K1 | 2-6-0 | 70 | North British Loco. Co. | 1949–50 | 62001–70 | |
Thompson L1 | 2-6-4T | 99 | Darlington Works (29) North British Loco. Co. (35) R. Stephenson & Hawthorns (35) |
1948–50 | 67702–800 |
Withdrawal
Withdrawal of ex-LNER locomotives took place throughout the 1960s, with some of the once high-profile 'A4 Class' locomotives ending their lives on heavy freight trains in Scotland; a far cry from the glamorous express workings of the late 1930s.
Preservation
Several of the many LNER locomotives have been preserved.
- Six A4 Pacifics
- One A3 Pacific
- One A2 Peppercorn
- One A1 Peppercorn (new-built with modern safety features for main-line running)
- Two B1s
- One D49
- One D40
- One D26
- One D17/1 (displayed)
- One O4 2-8-0
- One D11 4-4-0
- One C1
- One C2
- One K4
- One K1
- One V2
- One B12
- One J27
- One J21
- One Q6 0-8-0
- One E6
- One E5 Tank
- One E4
- One J36
- One J15
- One J17
- One J72 Tank
- One Q7
- One J69
- One N2 Tank
- One J52 Tank
- One N7 Tank
- One Y9 Tank
- One Y5 Tank
- One X1 (one-off example/displayed)
- Two Y7 Tanks
- One Y1
References
Footnotes
- ↑ Baxter 1988, pp. 214–215.
- 1 2 Baxter 1988, p. 249.
- ↑ Baxter 1988, pp. 248–249.
- ↑ Baxter 1988, pp. 247–248.
- ↑ Baxter 1988, p. 169.
- ↑ Baxter 1988, pp. 169–170.
- ↑ Baxter 1988, p. 170.
- ↑ Baxter 1988, pp. 170–171.
- ↑ Vallance 1991, p. 164.
- ↑ Barclay-Harvey 1950, pp. 187–188, 190, 226.
- 1 2 3 Barclay-Harvey 1950, pp. 189–190, 192, 226.
- 1 2 Barclay-Harvey 1950, pp. 192–193, 226.
- 1 2 Barclay-Harvey 1950, pp. 193–194, 227.
- ↑ Barclay-Harvey 1950, p. 195, 226.
- ↑ Barclay-Harvey 1950, p. 195, 198, 226.
- 1 2 Barclay-Harvey 1950, pp. 197–198, 226.
- ↑ Barclay-Harvey 1950, pp. 199–200, 227.
- ↑ Barclay-Harvey 1950, p. 200, 226.
- ↑ Barclay-Harvey 1950, pp. 201–202, 226.
- ↑ Barclay-Harvey 1950, p. 204, 226.
- ↑ Barclay-Harvey 1950, pp. 207, 226.
- 1 2 Barclay-Harvey 1950, pp. 208, 227.
- 1 2 Barclay-Harvey 1950, pp. 208–209, 226.
- ↑ Goudie 1990, pp. 46, 55, 59, 63–65.
- ↑ Boddy et al. 1975, pp. 94–123.
- 1 2 Boddy et al. 1975, pp. 124–157.
- ↑ Boddy et al. 1975, pp. 158–165.
Sources
- Boddy, M. G.; Brown, W. A.; Fry, E. V.; Hennigan, W.; Hoole, Ken; Manners, F.; Neve, E.; Platt, E. N. T.; Proud, P.; Yeadon, W. B. (March 1975). Fry, E. V., ed. Locomotives of the L.N.E.R., Part 2B: Tender Engines—Classes B1 to B19. Lincoln: RCTS. ISBN 0-901115-73-8.
- Barclay-Harvey, Malcolm (1950). A History of the Great North of Scotland Railway. Ian Allan. ISBN 978-0-7110-2592-9.
- Baxter, Bertram (1986). Baxter, David, ed. British Locomotive Catalogue 1825–1923, Volume 5A: North Eastern Railway, Hull and Barnsley Railway. Ashbourne, Derbyshire: Moorland Publishing Company. ISBN 0-903485-54-0.
- Baxter, Bertram (1988). Baxter, David, ed. British Locomotive Catalogue 1825–1923, volume 5B: Great Northern Railway and Great Central Railway. Ashbourne, Derbyshire: Moorland Publishing. ISBN 0-903485-86-9.
- Baxter, Bertram (2012). Baxter, David; Mitchell, Peter, eds. British Locomotive Catalogue 1825–1923, Volume 6: Great Eastern Railway, North British Railway, Great North of Scotland Railway, Midland & Great Northern Joint Railway, remaining companies in the LNER group. Southampton: Kestrel Railway Books. ISBN 978-1-905505-26-5.
- Goudie, Frank (1990). Metropolitan Steam Locomotives. Harrow Weald: Capital Transport. ISBN 1-85414-118-X.
- Groves, Norman (1992). Great Northern Locomotive History, Volume 3b: 1911–1922 The Gresley Era. Railway Correspondence and Travel Society. ISBN 0-901115-70-3.
- Vallance, H. A. (27 June 1991). Great North of Scotland railway. The History of the Railways of the Scottish Highlands vol 3. David St John Thomas. ISBN 978-0-946537-60-0.
External links
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