List of tallest buildings in the United States
The world's first skyscraper was built in Chicago in 1885. Since that time, the United States has been home and still is home to some of the world's tallest skyscrapers. New York City, specifically the borough of Manhattan, notably has the tallest skyline in the country. Eleven American buildings have held the title of tallest building in the world (9 in New York City).[1] New York City and Chicago have always been the centers of American skyscraper building. The 10-story Home Insurance Building, built in Chicago in 1885, is regarded as the world's first skyscraper; the building was constructed using a novel steel-loadbearing frame which became a standard of the industry worldwide.
As of 2013, One World Trade Center, also referred by the symbolic name of "Freedom Tower", in New York City was considered to be the tallest skyscraper in the United States. Its antenna brings the structure to a symbolic height of 1,776 feet (541 m), connoting the year The Declaration of Independence was signed, though the tip of the structure actually is measured at 1,792 ft (546 m).[2] However, using the more common criterion for the height of a building (the roof, not antenna) the observation deck elevation and highest occupied floor of the One World Trade Center are surpassed by Chicago's Willis Tower (formerly the Sears Tower).[3] and 432 Park Ave.
Prior to the September 11, 2001 in New York City, the twin towers of the World Trade Center occupied the second and third positions on the list below, behind Willis Tower. The North Tower stood at 1,368 feet (417 m), while the South Tower was 1,362-foot-tall (415 m). If they were still standing today, they would occupy the fourth and fifth positions on the list below.
There are numerous supertall buildings both proposed and under construction throughout the country, concentrated in New York City and Chicago. Projects in New York include the Central Park Tower and 111 West 57th Street, while in Chicago, proposed structures include the Wanda Vista Tower, which will be approximately 95 stories and about 1,144 feet (349 m) tall; Wolf Point along the Chicago River; and a Rafael Vinoly-designed tower. Other tall buildings that are either proposed or under construction include the 1,121 feet (342 m) Comcast Technology Center in Philadelphia, the 1,100 feet (340 m) Wilshire Grand Tower in Los Angeles, the 1,070 feet (330 m) Salesforce Tower in San Francisco, and the 1,010 feet (310 m) One Bayfront Plaza and One Brickell City Centre in Miami.[4]
Tallest buildings
This list ranks completed and topped out buildings in the United States that stand at least 700 feet (213 m) tall, based on standard height measurement. This includes spires and architectural details, as well as antenna masts. An equal sign (=) following a rank indicates the same height between two or more buildings. The "Year" column indicates the year in which a building was completed.
Tallest buildings by pinnacle height
This lists ranks completed and topped out buildings in the United States that stand at least 800 feet (244 m) tall based on pinnacle height measurement, which includes antenna masts. Standard architectural height measurement, which excludes antennas in building height, is included for comparative purposes.
* Indicates building is still under construction, but has been topped out.
Cities with the most skyscrapers
American cities with at least 15 completed skyscrapers over 400 feet (122 meters) high (as of November 19, 2015).
Rank | City | ≥1,000 ft | ≥900 ft | ≥800 ft | ≥700 ft | ≥600 ft | ≥500 ft | ≥400 ft | Total |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
1. | New York City | 8 | 5 | 10 | 27 | 59 | 122 | 213 | 444 |
2. | Chicago | 5 | 2 | 6 | 6 | 25 | 62 | 92 | 200 |
3. | Miami | 0 | 0 | 0 | 2 | 9 | 24 | 35 | 70 |
4. | San Francisco | 0 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 5 | 12 | 32 | 51 |
5. | Houston | 1 | 2 | 0 | 7 | 8 | 13 | 19 | 50 |
6. | Las Vegas | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 8 | 8 | 24 | 41 |
7. | Atlanta | 1 | 0 | 2 | 2 | 6 | 4 | 22 | 37 |
8. | Los Angeles | 2 | 0 | 1 | 6 | 5 | 9 | 12 | 35 |
9. | Philadelphia | 1 | 2 | 1 | 3 | 1 | 5 | 18 | 31 |
10. | Boston | 0 | 0 | 0 | 2 | 4 | 11 | 12 | 29 |
11. | Seattle | 0 | 1 | 0 | 3 | 2 | 8 | 15 | 29 |
12. | Dallas | 0 | 1 | 1 | 3 | 6 | 8 | 9 | 28 |
13. | Minneapolis | 0 | 0 | 0 | 3 | 1 | 4 | 11 | 19 |
14. | Sunny Isles Beach | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 2 | 7 | 9 | 18 |
14. | Jersey City | 0 | 0 | 0 | 2 | 0 | 5 | 11 | 18 |
15. | Denver | 0 | 0 | 0 | 2 | 3 | 3 | 9 | 17 |
16. | Pittsburgh | 0 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 3 | 5 | 6 | 16 |
Tallest under construction, approved and proposed
Under construction
This lists buildings that are under construction in the United States and are planned to rise at least 700 feet (213 m). Buildings that have already been topped out are excluded.
Name | Image | Location | Height ft (m) |
Floors | Year* (est.) |
Notes |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Central Park Tower | New York City | 1,550 (472) | 99 | 2019 | Also known as the Nordstrom Tower, 225 West 57th Street | |
111 West 57th Street | New York City | 1,438 (438) | 82 | 2017 | Will be the world's skinniest skyscraper upon completion. | |
One Vanderbilt | New York City | 1,401 (427) | 57 | 2020 | Demolition at the site of One Vanderbuilt began in September 2015 and the building is expected to be completed in 2020.[227] | |
125 Greenwich Street | New York City | 1,358 (414) | 77 | 2018 | Will be the second tallest building in Lower Manhattan, after One World Trade Center. Expected to be completed in 2018. | |
Two World Trade Center | New York City | 1,340 (410) | 81 | 2021 | The original design of the 2 WTC in 2007 is now redesigned. | |
30 Hudson Yards | New York City | 1,296 (395) | 92 | 2018-2019 | Construction began in 2015. | |
Wanda Vista | Chicago | 1,186 (361) | 93 | 2020 | Announced in July 2014[228] Would become third tallest building in Chicago. | |
Comcast Innovation and Technology Center | Philadelphia | 1,121 (342) | 60 | 2018 | Construction began July 2014. When completed, it will be the tallest building outside New York City and Chicago.[229] | |
Three World Trade Center | New York City | 1,079 (329) | 80 | 2018 | Topped-out. The estimated year of completion is 2018. | |
Salesforce Tower | San Francisco | 1,070 (326) | 60 | 2018 | Will be the tallest building in San Francisco upon completion | |
53W53 | New York City | 1,050 (320) | 82 | 2018 | Construction began in 2014.[230] | |
3 Hudson Boulevard | New York City | 1,034 (315) | 66 | 2019 | [231] | |
220 Central Park South | New York City | 951 (290) | 65 | 2017 | [232] | |
15 Hudson Yards | New York City | 912 (278) | 70 | 2018 | ||
One Bennett Park | Chicago | 843 (257) | 67 | — | Approved in 2014.[233][234] | |
Panorama Tower | Miami | 868 (255) | 81 | 2017-2018 | Construction began in June 2014.[235][236] | |
181 Fremont Street | San Francisco | 802 (245) | 54 | 2017 | [237][238] | |
111 Murray Street | New York City | 792 (241) | 58 | 2018 | [239] | |
520 Park Avenue | New York City | 780 (238) | 51 | 2017 | ||
45 East 22nd Street | New York City | 777 (237) | 64 | 2017 | Topped-out. | |
609 Main at Texas | Houston | 757 (231) | 48 | 2017 | [240] | |
Four Seasons Hotel & Private Residences, One Dalton Street | Boston | 755 (230) | 61 | 2017 | Construction began in 2015.[241] | |
150 North Riverside | Chicago | 742 (226) | 53 | 2017 | [242] | |
Cira Centre South Office Tower | Philadelphia | 736 (224) | 50 | 2016 | Construction began in June 2014. | |
River Point | Chicago | 732 (223) | 50 | 2017 | Topped-out.[196] | |
252 East 57th Street | New York City | 712 (217) | 65 | 2016 | [243] | |
100 East 53rd Street | New York City | 711 (217) | 63 | 2017 | Construction began in 2008 and will be completed in 2017. | |
250 South Street | New York City | 700 (210) | 56 | 2019 | Also known as One Manhattan Square | |
* Table entries with dashes (—) indicate that information regarding building dates of completion has not yet been released.
Approved and proposed
This lists buildings that are proposed for construction in the United States and are planned to rise at least 700 feet (213 m). A floor count of 50 stories is used as the cutoff for buildings whose heights have not yet been released by their developers.
Name | City | Height ft (m) |
Floors | Year (est.) |
Notes | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Gateway Tower | Chicago | 2,000 feet (610 m) | TBD | — | Will become the tallest building in the Western Hemisphere.[244] Surpassing One World Trade Center in New York. | |
2901 Arch Street - Transit Terminal Tower | Philadelphia | 1,200 (365) | 85 | — | ||
45 Broad Street | New York City | 1,100 (340) | 86 | - | ||
3101 Market - Schuylkill Yards | Philadelphia | 1,095 (333) | 70 | — | ||
3 Hudson Boulevard | New York City | 1,050 (320) | 66 | 2018 | [245] | |
One Brickell City Centre | Miami | 1,049 (319) | 80 | 2018 | Proposed in November 2013 and approved in 2014. Estimated completion is 2018 | |
4/C | Seattle | 1,029 (313) | 95 | — | Proposed in September 2015 by Crescent Heights, designed by LMN Architects[246][247] | |
One Bayfront Plaza | Miami | 1,010 (308) | 80 | 2018 | [248][249] | |
35 Hudson Yards | New York City | 1,009 (307.5) | 79 | 2018 | [250] | |
SkyRise Miami | Miami | 1,000 (305) | 50 | 2018 | Announced in November 2013 | |
One Manhattan West | New York City | 995 (303) | 66 | 2020 | [251] | |
Two Manhattan West | New York City | 995 (303) | 66 | 2020 | [252] | |
Cadiz & Canton Tower I & II | Dallas | — (+300) | 80 | — | ||
Wolf Point South Tower | Chicago | 950 (290) | 80 | — | Approved in 2013.[253] | |
Oceanwide Center, Tower 1 | San Francisco | 905 (276) | 75 | 2020 | [254] | |
30 3rd Street South | Minneapolis | 900 (274) | 80 | 2019 | [255] | |
99 Hudson Street | Jersey City | 900 (274) | 76 | [256][257] | ||
888 Tower | Seattle | 888 (271) | 60 | — | [258] | |
Rainier Square Tower | Seattle | 849 (259) | 59 | — | Proposed by Urban Visions and being designed by NBBJ.[259] | |
1000 South Michigan | Chicago | 832 (254) | 86 | — | ||
113 East Roosevelt (Phase II) | Chicago | >829 (>253) | — | Approved November 19, 2015[260] | ||
113 East Roosevelt (Phase I) | Chicago | 829 (253) | 76 | — | Approved November 19, 2015[260] | |
30 Journal Square | Jersey City | 800 (243) | 72 | — | Plans were approved in August 2016. | |
South Bay Tower | Boston | 800 (244) | 67 | — | Announced in 2011.[261] | |
98 14th Street NE Tower C | Atlanta | 750 (228) | 69 | — | Announced in 2013.[262] | |
Wolf Point East Tower | Chicago | 750 (228) | 60 | — | Approved in 2013.[263] | |
3125 JFK Blvd - Schuylkill Yards | Philadelphia | 725 (221) | 48 | — | ||
3001 JFK Blvd - Cira II (The Station District) | Philadelphia | 705 (215) | 45 | — | ||
12 East 37th Street | New York City | 700 (—) | 65 | — | A precise height has not been announced.[264] | |
* Table entries with dashes (—) indicate that information regarding building heights, floor counts or dates of completion has not yet been released.
Tallest destroyed
This table lists the 10 tallest buildings in the United States that have been demolished, destroyed, or are undergoing demolition.
Name | Image | City | Height ft (m) |
Floors | Year completed |
Year demolished |
Notes |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
1 World Trade Center[A] | New York City | 1,368 (417) | 110 | 1972 | 2001 | Destroyed in the September 11, 2001 attacks; tallest building in the world from 1972 until 1974.[265][266] | |
2 World Trade Center | New York City | 1,362 (415) | 110 | 1973 | 2001 | Destroyed in the September 11, 2001 attacks.[267][268] | |
Singer Building | New York City | 612 (187) | 47 | 1908 | 1968 | Demolished to make room for One Liberty Plaza; tallest building ever to be peacefully demolished; tallest building in the world from 1908 until 1909[269][270] | |
7 World Trade Center | New York City | 570 (174) | 47 | 1987 | 2001 | Destroyed in the September 11, 2001 attacks[271][272] | |
Morrison Hotel | — | Chicago | 526 (160) | 45 | 1926 | 1965 | Demolished to make room for the Chase Tower[273][274] |
Deutsche Bank Building | New York City | 517 (158) | 39 | 1974 | 2011 | Dismantled because of damage from the September 11, 2001 attacks[275] | |
One Meridian Plaza | Philadelphia | 492 (150) | 38 | 1972 | 1999 | Dismantled because of damage from a 1991 fire[276][277] | |
City Investing Building | New York City | 487 (148) | 33 | 1908 | 1968 | Demolished with the Singer Building to make room for One Liberty Plaza[278][279] | |
J.L. Hudson Company Department Store | Detroit | 410 (125) | 29 | 1911 | 1998 | Tallest building ever imploded; tallest department store in the world at the time of its completion[280][281] | |
First National Bank Building | Pittsburgh | 387 (118) | 26 | 1912 | 1970 | Demolished to make room for One PNC Plaza.[282] |
Timeline of tallest buildings
This is a list of the history of the tallest buildings in the United States.
This lists buildings that once held the title of tallest building in the United States.
See also
- List of buildings
- List of tallest buildings by U.S. state
- List of tallest structures in the United States
- List of tallest buildings in the world
- Tallest buildings in Central America
- List of cities with most skyscrapers
Notes
- A. ^ a b c d e f g This skyscraper was the world's tallest building when completed.
- B. ^ According to the Council on Tall Buildings and Urban Habitat, freestanding observation towers are not considered to be buildings, as they are not fully habitable structures. This structure is included for comparative purposes.
References
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- 1 2 "SunTrust Plaza". SkyscraperPage.com. Retrieved 2009-08-04.
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- 1 2 "Aon Center". SkyscraperPage.com. Retrieved 2009-08-04.
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- 1 2 "Transamerica Pyramid". SkyscraperPage. Retrieved 2009-08-04.
- 1 2 "Aqua". Emporis.com. Retrieved 2009-08-04.
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- 1 2 "Park Tower". SkyscraperPage.com. Retrieved 2009-08-04.
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- 1 2 "Chase Tower". SkyscraperPage.com. Retrieved 2009-08-04.
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- ↑ "One Atlantic Center". Emporis.com. Retrieved 2009-08-04.
- 1 2 "One Atlantic Center". SkyscraperPage.com. Retrieved 2009-08-04.
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- 1 2 "Conde Nast Building". SkyscraperPage.com. Retrieved 2009-08-04.
- 1 2 "MetLife Building". Emporis.com. Retrieved 2009-08-04.
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- ↑ "One Worldwide Plaza". Emporis.com. Retrieved 2009-08-04.
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- ↑ "Time Warner Center North Tower". Emporis.com. Retrieved 2009-08-04.
- 1 2 "Time Warner Center". SkyscraperPage.com. Retrieved 2009-08-04.
- ↑ "Time Warner Center South Tower". Emporis.com. Retrieved 2009-08-04.
- ↑ "Two California Plaza". Emporis.com. Retrieved 2009-08-04.
- ↑ "Two California Plaza". SkyscraperPage.com. Retrieved 2009-08-04.
- ↑ "Gas Company Tower". Emporis.com. Retrieved 2009-08-04.
- ↑ "Gas Company Tower". SkyscraperPage.com. Retrieved 2009-08-04.
- ↑ "Goldman Sachs Headquarters". Emporis.com. Retrieved 2009-08-04.
- 1 2 "Prudential Tower: Prudential Center". SkyscraperPage.com. Retrieved 2009-08-04.
- ↑ "60 Wall Street". SkyscraperPage.com. Retrieved 2009-08-04.
- ↑ "One Astor Plaza". Emporis.com. Retrieved 2009-08-04.
- ↑ "One Astor Plaza". SkyscraperPage.com. Retrieved 2009-08-04.
- ↑ "RSA Battle House Tower". Emporis.com. Retrieved 2009-08-04.
- ↑ "RSA Battle House Tower". SkyscraperPage.com. Retrieved 2009-08-04.
- ↑ "Blue Cross-Blue Shield Tower". Emporis.com. Retrieved 2007-12-21.
- ↑ "Blue Cross-Blue Shield Tower". SkyscraperPage.com. Retrieved 2007-12-21.
- ↑ "One Liberty Plaza". Emporis.com. Retrieved 2009-08-04.
- ↑ "1 Liberty Plaza". SkyscraperPage.com. Retrieved 2009-08-04.
- ↑ "7 World Trade Center". Emporis.com. Retrieved 2009-08-04.
- ↑ "20 Exchange Place". Emporis.com. Retrieved 2009-08-04.
- ↑ "20 Exchange Place". SkyscraperPage.com. Retrieved 2009-08-04.
- ↑ "Centerpoint Energy Plaza". SkyscraperPage.com. Retrieved 2009-08-04.
- ↑ "Two Union Square". Emporis.com. Retrieved 2009-08-04.
- ↑ "Bell Atlantic Tower". Emporis.com. Retrieved 2007-08-22.
- ↑ "Bell Atlantic Tower". SkyscraperPage.com. Retrieved 2009-08-04.
- ↑ "Three World Financial Center". Emporis.com. Retrieved 2009-08-04.
- ↑ "Three World Financial Center". SkyscraperPage.com. Retrieved 2009-08-04.
- ↑ "JPMorgan Chase Tower". Emporis.com. Retrieved 2009-08-04.
- ↑ "JP Morgan Chase Tower". SkyscraperPage.com. Retrieved 2009-08-04.
- ↑ "Bank of America Plaza". Emporis.com. Retrieved 2009-08-04.
- ↑ "Bank of America Plaza". SkyscraperPage.com. Retrieved 2009-08-04.
- ↑ "Fontainebleau Resort Hotel". Emporis.com. Retrieved 2009-08-04.
- ↑ "Fontainebleau Resort & Casino". SkyscraperPage.com. Retrieved 2009-08-04.
- ↑ "Bertelsmann Building". SkyscraperPage.com. Retrieved 2009-08-04.
- ↑ "Continental Center I". Emporis.com. Retrieved 2009-08-04.
- ↑ "Continental Center One". SkyscraperPage.com. Retrieved 2009-08-04.
- 1 2 "200 North Riverside Plaza". SkyscraperPage.com. Retrieved 2014-07-06.
- ↑ "Detroit Marriott at the Renaissance Center". Emporis.com. Retrieved 2009-08-04.
- ↑ "Detroit Marriott at the Renaissance Center". SkyscraperPage.com. Retrieved 2009-08-04.
- ↑ "One Museum Park". Emporis.com. Retrieved 2009-08-04.
- ↑ "One Museum Park". SkyscraperPage.com. Retrieved 2009-08-04.
- ↑ "777 Tower". SkyscraperPage.com. Retrieved 2009-08-04.
- ↑ "Fulbright Tower". Emporis.com. Retrieved 2009-08-04.
- ↑ "Fulbright Tower". SkyscraperPage.com. Retrieved 2009-08-04.
- ↑ "One Mellon Center". Emporis.com. Retrieved 2009-08-04.
- ↑ "Mellon Bank Center". SkyscraperPage.com. Retrieved 2009-08-04.
- ↑ "Olympia Centre". Emporis.com. Retrieved 2009-08-04.
- ↑ "Olympia Centre". SkyscraperPage.com. Retrieved 2009-08-04.
- ↑ "Republic Plaza". Emporis.com. Retrieved 2009-08-04.
- ↑ "Republic Plaza". SkyscraperPage.com. Retrieved 2009-08-04.
- ↑ "URL Harborside Tower I". Emporis.com. Retrieved 2015-11-19.
- ↑ "Views Revealed From Top Of 69-Story Urban Ready Living Harborside Tower, Jersey City". New York YIMBY. Retrieved 2015-11-19.
- ↑ "Norman Foster's Slender Midtown Condo Has Topped Out". Curbed NY. Retrieved 2016-01-14.
- ↑ "Construction Update: 100 East 53rd Street, Aka 610 Lexington Avenue". New York YIMBY. Retrieved 2016-01-14.
- ↑ "Revel Casino". Emporis.com. Retrieved 2010-07-11.
- ↑ "Revel Entertainment Resort — North Tower". SkyscraperPage.com. Retrieved 2010-07-11.
- ↑ "Metropolitan Life Insurance Company Tower". Emporis.com. Retrieved 2009-08-04.
- ↑ "Met Life Tower". SkyscraperPage.com. Retrieved 2009-08-04.
- ↑ "Trump International Hotel & Tower". Emporis.com. Retrieved 2009-08-04.
- ↑ "One Shell Plaza". SkyscraperPage.com. Retrieved 2009-08-04.
- ↑ "Bloomberg Tower". SkyscraperPage.com. Retrieved 2009-08-04.
- ↑ "One Prudential Plaza". SkyscraperPage.com. Retrieved 2009-08-06.
- ↑ "Westin Peachtree Plaza". SkyscraperPage.com. Retrieved 2009-08-04.
- ↑ "900 North Michigan". SkyscraperPage.com. Retrieved 2007-12-21.
- ↑ "The Legacy at Millennium Park". Emporis.com. Retrieved 2009-08-04.
- ↑ "CitySpire Center". SkyscraperPage.com. Retrieved 2009-08-04.
- ↑ "One Chase Manhattan Plaza". SkyscraperPage.com. Retrieved 2009-08-04.
- ↑ "Excavation Underway for One Vanderbilt, Midtown East". YIMBY newsletter. Retrieved 2016-09-25.
- ↑ "375 East Wacker Drive". SkyscraperPage.com. Retrieved 2014-12-03.
- ↑ "Comcast Innovation & Technology Center". Skyscraper Page. Retrieved 2014-12-03.
- ↑ "Next to MoMA, a Tower Will Reach for the Stars". Nicolai Ouroussoff. Retrieved 2016-09-25.
- ↑ "3 Hudson Yards". The Skyscraper Center. Council on Tall Buildings and Urban Habitat. Retrieved 2016-11-15.
- ↑ "220 Central Park South". Skyscraper Page. Retrieved 2014-03-27.
- ↑ "451 East Grand". Retrieved 2014-07-21.
- ↑ Editor, Editor (15 September 2014). "It's Going to be Huge: Details and Diagrams of 451 East Grand". Chicago Architecture Org. Retrieved 18 April 2015.
- ↑ "Panorama Tower". Emporis.com. Retrieved 2007-09-03.
- ↑ "Panorama Tower". SkyscraperPage.com. Retrieved 2007-09-03.
- ↑ Levy, Dan (2013-03-29). "San Francisco Tower in Tech District Said to Cost $375 Million". Bloomberg.com. Retrieved 2013-06-08.
- ↑ "181 Fremont Street". Emporis.com. Retrieved 2007-09-09.
- ↑ "111 Murray Street". The skyscraper center. Council on Tall Buildings and Urban Habitat. Retrieved 2016-11-15.
- ↑ "609 Main at Texas". SkyscraperPage.com. Retrieved 2014-07-06.
- ↑ "610 Four Seasons Hotel & Private Residences". SkyscraperPage.com. Retrieved 2015-07-02.
- ↑ "150 North Riverside". SkyscraperPage.com. Retrieved 2014-07-06.
- ↑ "250 East 57th". SkyscraperPage.com. Retrieved 2014-07-06.
- ↑ http://chicago.curbed.com/2016/6/3/11852370/chicago-architecture-spire-concept-gensler-gateway-tower
- ↑ "3 Hudson Boulevard". SkyscraperPage.com. Retrieved 2012-07-22.
- ↑ "Crescent Heights: 4/C tower will be 1,111 feet". Seattle Daily Journal of Commerce. September 24, 2015. Retrieved September 24, 2015.
- ↑ Bhatt, Sanjay (September 22, 2015). "101-story skyscraper on Seattle's Fourth Avenue proposed". The Seattle Times. Retrieved September 24, 2015.
- ↑ {{cite web|url=http://www.fecr.com/bayfrontPark/Bayfront_Plaza_Release.pdf|title=FECR Receives MUSP Approval for One Bayfront Plaza|format=PDF|accessdate=2009-08-16|publisher=Florida East Coast Realty}}
- ↑ "One Bayfront Plaza". Emporis.com. Retrieved 2009-08-16.
- ↑ "35 Hudson Yards". Skyscraper Page. Retrieved 2014-02-08.
- ↑ "One Manhattan West". Skyscraper Page. Retrieved 2012-07-22.
- ↑ "Two Manhattan West". Skyscraper Page. Retrieved 2012-07-22.
- ↑ "Wolf Point - South Tower". SkyscraperPage.com. Retrieved 2014-04-08.
- ↑ "Oceanwide Center". Skyscraper Page. Retrieved 2014-07-23.
- ↑ "Four developers bid for Nicollet Hotel Block Project in downtown Mpls.". (30 3rd Street South): StarTribune. Retrieved 2014-12-12.
- ↑ "95-Story Supertall Planned For Jersey City Waterfront At 55 Hudson Street". New York YIMBY. 2015-09-15. Retrieved 2015-11-30.
- ↑ "99 Hudson Street". Skyscraper Page. Retrieved 2015-11-30.
- ↑ Bhatt, Sanjay (July 8, 2015). "Innovative project would be Seattle's second-tallest building". The Seattle Times. Retrieved August 8, 2015.
- ↑ Cohe, Aubrey (June 9, 2014). "Developer starts making case for dramatic new Rainier Square Tower". The Seattle P-I. Retrieved September 25, 2015.
- 1 2 Kamin, Blair (2015-11-19). "Chicago Plan Commission approves tower that would be city's 3rd tallest". Chicago Tribune. Retrieved 2015-11-20.
- ↑ "South Bay Development". Skyscraper Page. Retrieved 2015-07-02.
- ↑ "98 14th Street NE Tower C". Skyscraper Page. Retrieved 2013-12-19.
- ↑ "Wolf Point East". Emporis. Retrieved 2016-08-28.
- ↑ Dailey, Jessica (12 March 2015). "65-Story, Garden-Centric Condo Tower Planned for East 37th". Vox Media (Curbed). Retrieved 12 March 2015.
- ↑ "One World Trade Center". Emporis.com. Retrieved 2007-11-19.
- 1 2 "One World Trade Center". SkyscraperPage.com. Retrieved 2007-11-19.
- ↑ "Two World Trade Center". Emporis.com. Retrieved 2007-11-19.
- ↑ "Two World Trade Center". SkyscraperPage.com. Retrieved 2007-11-19.
- ↑ "Singer Building". Emporis.com. Retrieved 2007-11-19.
- 1 2 "Singer Building". SkyscraperPage.com. Retrieved 2007-11-19.
- ↑ "7 World Trade Center". Emporis.com. Retrieved 2007-11-19.
- ↑ "7 World Trade Center". SkyscraperPage.com. Retrieved 2007-11-19.
- ↑ "Morrison Hotel". Emporis.com. Retrieved 2007-11-22.
- ↑ "Morrison Hotel I". SkyscraperPage.com. Retrieved 2008-04-11.
- ↑ "130 Liberty Street". Emporis.com. Retrieved 2007-11-22.
- ↑ "One Meridian Plaza". Emporis.com. Retrieved 2008-04-11.
- ↑ "One Meridian Plaza". SkyscraperPage.com. Retrieved 2008-04-11.
- ↑ "City Investing Building". Emporis.com. Retrieved 2008-04-11.
- ↑ "City Investing Building". SkyscraperPage.com. Retrieved 2008-04-11.
- ↑ "Greater Hudson Store". Emporis.com. Retrieved 2008-04-11.
- ↑ "J.L. Hudson Company Department Store". SkyscraperPage.com. Retrieved 2007-09-29.
- ↑ "First National Bank Building". Emporis.com. Retrieved 2007-12-28.
- ↑ Diamond, Jared (July 17, 2003). "Why societies collapse". abc.net.au. Retrieved November 19, 2012.
- ↑ A historical account of Christ Church, Philadelphia, by Benjamin Dorr, Swords, Stanford & Co., N.Y., 1841.
- ↑ "Christ Church". Emporis.com. Retrieved 2010-03-15.
- ↑ "Park Street Church". SkyscraperPage.com. Retrieved 2009-08-05.
- ↑ "Phoenix Shot Tower".
- ↑ "Trinity Church". SkyscraperPage.com. Retrieved 2008-05-31.
- ↑ "St. Michael's Church". Emporis.com. Retrieved 2008-05-31.
- ↑ "Board of Trade Building". SkyscraperPage.com. Retrieved 2008-05-22.
- ↑ "World Building". SkyscraperPage.com. Retrieved 2008-05-31.
- ↑ "Manhattan Life Insurance Building". SkyscraperPage.com. Retrieved 2008-05-22.
- ↑ "Milwaukee City Hall". SkyscraperPage.com. Retrieved 2008-05-22.
- ↑ "Park Row Building". SkyscraperPage.com. Retrieved 2008-05-22.
- ↑ "Philadelphia City Hall". SkyscraperPage.com. Retrieved 2008-06-01.
- ↑ "Met Life Tower". SkyscraperPage.com. Retrieved 2007-11-22.
- ↑ "Woolworth Building". SkyscraperPage.com. Retrieved 2007-11-22.
- ↑ Home - One World Trade Center. Onewtc.com (2013-05-13). Retrieved on 2013-08-16.
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