John R. Brooke

John Rutter Brooke
Born	(1838-07-21)July 21, 1838 Pottstown, Pennsylvania
Died	September 5, 1926(1926-09-05) (aged 88) Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
Buried at	Arlington National Cemetery
Allegiance	United States of America Union
Service/branch	United States Army Union Army
Years of service	1861–1902
Rank	Major General
Battles/wars	American Civil War Indian Wars Spanish–American War
Awards	Military Order of the Loyal Legion of the United States Military Order of Foreign Wars Society of Colonial Wars

John Rutter Brooke (July 21, 1838 – September 5, 1926) was one of the last surviving Union generals of the American Civil War when he died at the age of 88.

Early life

Brooke was born in Pottstown, Pennsylvania, and was educated in nearby Collegeville and West Chester.

Civil War

Brooke's military career began when he joined the 4th Pennsylvania Infantry with the rank of captain in April 1861. In August, he became colonel of the newly raised 53rd Pennsylvania Infantry and served in the 1862 Peninsula Campaign.

He temporarily commanded a brigade during the Battle of Antietam in September of that year. In May 1863, he was given permanent command of a brigade of the 1st Division of the II Corps, which he led in the Battle of Chancellorsville and during the Gettysburg Campaign.

On the second day of the Battle of Gettysburg, July 2, 1863, Brooke found himself in the thick of the action when Confederate lieutenant general James Longstreet launched his assault against the Union lines south of Gettysburg. Rushed into action as reinforcements by Maj. Gen. Winfield Hancock, Colonel Brooke launched a limited counterattack against oncoming Confederate forces with his brigade in the Wheatfield. Although he was knocked out of action with a severe wound, his men temporarily stopped the Confederates and stabilized the Union line long enough to prevent a breakthrough.

After recovery, Brooke subsequently also fought in the Overland Campaign, including the Battle of Spotsylvania Court House and other battles. He was promoted to brigadier general of volunteers on May 12, 1864. General Brooke was critically wounded, again, at Cold Harbor in June. Brooke led a division in western Virginia late in the war. He was promoted to brevet major general in the volunteer army on August 1, 1864, for his service at Totopotomoy and Cold Harbor, and to brevet brigadier general in the regular army on March 2, 1867, for Spotsylvania Court House.^[1]

Postbellum career

In 1866, Brooke accepted a commission as the lieutenant colonel of the 37th U.S. Infantry of the regular army. Thirteen years later, he was given the position of colonel of the 13th U.S. Infantry, serving on the frontier in various posts.

In 1888, he was promoted to brigadier general and was in command of the Department of the Platte when the Ghost Dance began in 1890. He was ordered by General Nelson Miles to rush the 7th U.S. Cavalry up to Wounded Knee. He left this command in 1895.

In 1897, he was promoted to major general in the Regular Army and assigned to command the I Corps during the Spanish–American War. In Puerto Rico, he landed in Arroyo with General Hains, and reached Guayama by the time the armistice was signed. When General Miles left the island in October 1898 to return to the United States, Brooke became military governor and head of the army of occupation in the U.S. military government. On the December 6, Brooke was replaced by General Guy Vernon Henry, and by December 13, was named to the same position in Cuba.

General Brooke was a member of the Military Order of the Loyal Legion of the United States (Companion #02434) and served as its national commander-in-chief from 1905 to 1907. He was also a member of the Minnesota Society of Colonial Wars and the Military Order of Foreign Wars.

General Brooke retired from the Army on July 21, 1902, in Philadelphia, where he lived until his death at age 88 in 1926. He is buried at Arlington National Cemetery.

Legacy

The troop transport USS General J. R. Brooke (AP-132), launched February 1943, was named in his honor. The former U.S. Army military post in San Juan, P.R., which encompassed El Morro Castle was named Fort Brooke in his honor.

See also

• List of American Civil War generals

Notes

References

• Eicher, John H., and David J. Eicher. Civil War High Commands. Stanford, CA: Stanford University Press, 2001. ISBN 0-8047-3641-3.
• Military Album of Commissioned Officers in the Spanish-American War, Library of Congress
• "Gen. J. R. Brooke Comes to Atlanta." Atlanta Constitution. May 18, 1898, p. 5.

External links

• The John Rutter Brooke Papers, including correspondence, accounts, regimental reports, military orders and pamphlets that pertain to his military career, are available for research use at the Historical Society of Pennsylvania.
• Arlington National Cemetery
• John Rutter Brooke at Find a Grave

Cuba–United States relations
pre-1902	Spanish–American War Teller Amendment Platt Amendment
1902–1959	Cuban–American Treaty of Relations (1903) First Occupation Second Occupation Sugar Intervention Hay-Quesada Treaty (1925) Cuban–American Treaty of Relations (1934)
1959–present	Groups and individuals Brothers to the Rescue Balseros (rafters) Commission for Assistance to a Free Cuba Coordination of United Revolutionary Organizations Cuban-American lobby Cuban Five Luis Posada Carriles Military and paramilitary activities Bay of Pigs Invasion Cuban Missile Crisis Cuban Project Elián González affair Cuba–United States aircraft hijackings Mariel boatlift Operation Northwoods Operation Peter Pan Legislation and offices United States embargo against Cuba United States Interests Section in Havana (1977–2015) United States–Cuban Thaw Embassy of the United States, Havana Embassy of Cuba in Washington, D.C. Guantanamo Bay Naval Base Helms–Burton Act United States Ambassador to Cuba Miscellaneous Balseros (2002 film) Cuban American