Authon-Ébéon

Authon-Ébéon
Authon village
Authon-Ébéon
Location within Nouvelle-Aquitaine region Authon-Ébéon
Coordinates: 45°50′13″N 0°24′26″W / 45.8369°N 0.4072°W / 45.8369; -0.4072Coordinates: 45°50′13″N 0°24′26″W / 45.8369°N 0.4072°W / 45.8369; -0.4072
Country	France
Region	Nouvelle-Aquitaine
Department	Charente-Maritime
Arrondissement	Saint-Jean-d'Angély
Canton	Saint-Hilaire-de-Villefranche
Intercommunality	Canton de Saint-Hilaire-de-Villefranche
Government
• Mayor (2001–2020)	Claude Boulétreau
Area¹	11.65 km² (4.50 sq mi)
Population (2010)²	390
• Density	33/km² (87/sq mi)
Time zone	CET (UTC+1)
• Summer (DST)	CEST (UTC+2)
INSEE/Postal code	17026 / 17770
Elevation	16–36 m (52–118 ft) (avg. 30 m or 98 ft)
¹ French Land Register data, which excludes lakes, ponds, glaciers > 1 km² (0.386 sq mi or 247 acres) and river estuaries. ² Population without double counting: residents of multiple communes (e.g., students and military personnel) only counted once.

Authon-Ébéon is a French commune in the Charente-Maritime department in the Nouvelle-Aquitaine region of south-western France.

The inhabitants of the commune are known as Authonais or Authonaises.^[1]

Geography

Authon-Ébéon is located in the north-east of the department of Charente-Maritime some 25 km north-east of Saintes and 20 km south-east of Saint-Jean-d'Angély and is in the former province of Saintonge. The village is at the crossroads of the D120 from Sainte-Même in the north to Migron in the south and the D134 from Brizambourg in the west to Courcerac in the east. The D129 also forms the north-western border of the commune. Apart from the village there are the hamlets of Bargagne in the south and Ebeon in the north. The commune is mostly farmland with some small scattered forests.^[2]

Geology and terrain

Geologically the commune is on a limestone plateau from the Tithonian period (formerly called the Portlandian).

The commune vineyards are located in the Appellation d'origine contrôlée (AOC) cognac zone for Cru des Fins Bois.

Hydrography

The Dandelot at Authon

Authon-Ébéon is in the Drainage basin of the Charente. Authon is crossed by the Dandelot which feeds the castle moat. It joins the Antenne, a tributary of the Charente, just downstream of Cognac.

Neighbouring communes and villages^[2]

Authon-Ébéon

Brizambourg

Migron

Prignac

History

Ébéon was along the Saintes-Aulnay-Poitiers Roman road, along which is the "Ébéon beacon" (also called the Pyramid).

Authon was the seat of a fief held by the Authon family from 1130 to 1450. The Motte-and-bailey castle was 100 metres from the present castle.^[3]

Seguin d'Authon, a vassal of the Counts of Taillebourg, was a Crusader in 1130 and Roland d'Authon was a companion of Saint Louis in the Holy Land. Seguin, who died in 1395, was Archbishop of Tours.

Jean d'Authon (1467-1527) was chaplain and official historian for King Louis XII. Antoine (1466-1546) was a corsair. In the early 17th century the barons of Authon were hereditary seneschals of Saintonge.

In 1627 Jean d'Authon was killed in a duel and his widow Judith de Nosan sold the barony and the land at Ébéon that was attached to it. It was redeemed by her mother who bequeathed it to her grandson.^[3]

In 1651, during the Fronde, Condé took the castle and imprisoned Jean-Seguin d'Authon.^[4]

The state of the parishes of 1686 show that the parish of Authon had the Baron of Authon as lord and the parish of Esbuon had 25 fires and Mr. Naussay as lord. The land in the two parishes was difficult and produced two-thirds cereals and one third wine.

In 1791 Authon was looted and burned and the north wing of the castle disappeared.^[3]

The communes of Authon and Ébéon were created in 1793 in the department of Lower Charente which became Charente-Maritime in 1941. They were part of the district of Saint-Jean-d'Angély then in its arrondissement in 1801, then passed to Saintes arrondissement in 1926 before returning to that of Saint-Jean-d'Angély in 1943. After having been part of the Canton of Brisambourg in 1793, it joined the Caton of Saint-Hilaire-de-Villefranche in 1801.

By a decree dated 12 December 1972 with effect from 1 January 1973, Ebéon joined Authon to form the commune Authon-Ébéon.

Administration

The Town Hall

The Village Square

List of Successive Mayors^[5]

From	To	Name	Party	Position
2001	2020	Claude Boulétreau

(Not all data is known)

Together with nine other communes the commune is part of the Canton of Saint-Hilaire-de-Villefranche and with the commune of Écoyeux belongs to the Community of communes of the Canton of Saint-Hilaire-de-Villefranche.

Taxation

Taxation is at a rate of 11.97% for housing tax, 16.63% for developed land, 54.30% for undeveloped, and 15% for business tax plus the community of communes fee on all four taxes, respectively 2.50%, 4.57%, 10.99% and 3.24% gives the total, before adding for the department and the region, of 14.47% for housing, 21.20% for developed land, 65.29% for undeveloped land, and 18.24% business tax (2007 figures).

Demography

In 2010 the commune had 390 inhabitants. The evolution of the number of inhabitants is known from the population censuses conducted in the commune since 1793. From the 21st century, a census of communes with fewer than 10,000 inhabitants is held every five years, unlike larger communes that have a sample survey every year.^{[Note 1]}

Population Change (See database)

1793	1800	1806	1821	1831	1836	1841	1846	1851
867	959	965	835	983	972	883	926	971

1856	1861	1866	1872	1876	1881	1886	1891	1896
901	908	901	831	766	788	787	767	809

1901	1906	1911	1921	1926	1931	1936	1946	1954
772	751	656	579	583	545	512	481	556

1962	1968	1975	1982	1990	1999	2006	2010	-
538	526	477	512	460	407	-	390	-

Sources : Ldh/EHESS/Cassini until 1962, INSEE database from 1968 (population without double counting and municipal population from 2006)

N.B. Prior to 1975 the table shows the total populations for the two communes.

Distribution of Age Groups

The population of the town is relatively old. The ratio of persons above the age of 60 years (34.2%) is higher than the national average (21.6%) and the departmental average (28.1%). Unlike national and departmental allocations, the male population of the town is greater than the female population (51.8% against 48.4% nationally and 48.2% at the departmental level).

Percentage Distribution of Age Groups in Authon-Ébéon and Charente-Maritime Department in 2010

	Authon-Ébéon	Authon-Ébéon	Charente-M	Charente-M
Age Range	Men	Women	Men	Women
0 to 14 Years	16.5	12.4	17.2	15.1
15 to 29 Years	12.0	16.1	16.4	14.3
30 to 44 Years	17.5	14.0	18.4	17.7
45 to 59 Years	20.5	22.6	20.8	20.6
60 to 74 Years	22.5	21.5	17.6	18.2
75 to 89 Years	10.5	13.4	9.1	12.5
90 Years+	0.5	0.0	0.6	1.6

Sources:

Economy

A trade in brooms existed in the 19th century.

Currently the economy is primarily agricultural with grapes, plant nurseries, organic crops, and cattle pastures.

The monthly fair is on the third Monday in the month.

The commune has 145 employable people with an unemployment rate of 12.7%.

Of the 145 employable people, 81 are men and 64 are women of which 98 are employees and 47 are not.^[6]

Culture and heritage

Civil heritage

The Pyramid or Ébéon beacon

The Chateau of Authon

The commune has a number of buildings and structures that are registered as historical monuments:

The Pyramid (Gallo-Roman)^[7] The "beacon" of Ebéon is called the "Pyramid" and is a Gallo-Roman remains at a place called "Bois-Charmand". This beacon or tomb still forms a masonry block 16 metres high and 6 metres in diameter. According to a local legend it was the work of fairies: three "ladies" who built it overnight. They used an enchanted hammer that they bounced back and forth to each other through the air. It hit the youngest in the forehead and she was killed. There is also another well-preserved tower or stack near Saujon: the Tour de Pirelongue.
The Chateau of Authon.^[8] The chateau is moated with the moat fed by the Dandelot. It is a construction from the 16th century which was largely redesigned in the following centuries. The guard tower and the front door of the castle date back to 1580 and the angled wing with mullioned windows dates to 1606.
The Chateau Park.^[9] The park is surrounded by water and is registered as an outstanding gardens. There is also a medieval garden.

Other sites of interest are

Traces of the Roman road from Saintes-Aulnay-Poitiers.
Remains of Merovingian cemeteries.
Vestiges of a feudal Motte-and-bailey castle.
The Mill located downstream of Guignebourg.

Religious heritage

The commune has one religious building that is registered as an historical monument:

The Church of Notre-Dame (12th century).^[10] The Church of Notre-Dame is a fortified church with a curtain wall, a walkway, slots, a bell tower, and a gatehouse. Its construction was carried out in two stages: first in the 12th century then in the 15th century when it was fortified. The facade has two serrated platforms on its angled buttresses connected by a passageway with cruciform notches for archers. The Chevet also has a crenellated roof.^[11] The church also has murals from the 19th century.

Church of Notre-Dame entrance
Church of Notre-Dame bell tower
Church of Notre-Dame wall

The Church of Ebéon is a recent church with a gabled facade.

Church of Ébéon entrance
Church of Ébéon side

Facilities

The primary school is in the church square at Authon.

There is a post office at Rue de la Poste in Authon.

The closest doctors and nurses are at Matha. Clinics and hospitals are at Cognac, Saint-Jean-d'Angély, and Saintes.

Local life

The harvest festival is held on the last Sunday of October.

Notable people linked to the commune

Jehan d'Authon, chaplain and official historian for King Louis XII.

Notes and references

Notes

↑ At the beginning of the 21st century, the methods of identification have been modified by Law No. 2002-276 of 27 February 2002, the so-called "law of local democracy" and in particular Title V "census operations" allows, after a transitional period running from 2004 to 2008, the annual publication of the legal population of the different French administrative districts. For communes with a population greater than 10,000 inhabitants, a sample survey is conducted annually, the entire territory of these communes is taken into account at the end of the period of five years. The first "legal population" after 1999 under this new law came into force on 1 January 2009 and was based on the census of 2006.

References

↑ Inhabitants of Charente-Maritime (French)
1 2 Google Maps
1 2 3 Frédéric Chassebœuf, Châteaux, manors and lodgings: Charente-Maritime, Vol. 2, éditions Patrimoine et Médias, 2008, 795 p. (ISBN 978-2-916757-27-8) (French)
↑ Sources: D’Hozier and the archives of the commune of Authon-Ébéon (French)
↑ List of Mayors of France (French)
↑ Authon-Ébéon on the INSEE website
↑ Ministry of Culture, Mérimée PA00104608 Pyramid (French)
↑ Ministry of Culture, Mérimée PA00104607 Chateau of Authon (French)
↑ Ministry of Culture, Mérimée IA17008839 Chateau Park (French)
↑ Ministry of Culture, Mérimée PA00104606 Church of Notre-Dame (French)
↑ Gothic architecture in Saintonge and Aunis, Yves Blomme, éditions Bordessoules, ISBN 2-903504-33-4 (French)

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Communes of the Charente-Maritime department

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Authon-Ébéon