1646

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1646 (MDCXLVI) was a common year starting on Monday (dominical letter G) of the Gregorian calendar and a common year starting on Thursday (dominical letter D) of the Julian calendar, the 1646th year of the Common Era (CE) and Anno Domini (AD) designations, the 646th year of the 2nd millennium, the 46th year of the 17th century, and the 7th year of the 1640s decade. As of the start of 1646, the Gregorian calendar was 10 days ahead of the Julian calendar, which remained in localized use until 1918.

Events

January–June

• February 16 – First English Civil War – The Battle of Great Torrington, Devon, the last major battle of the conflict, is fought.
• February 28 – Roger Scott is tried in Massachusetts for sleeping in church.
• March 6 – Joseph Jenkes, in Massachusetts, receives the first colonial machine patent.
• April 27 – King Charles I flees from Oxford.
• May 5 – King Charles I surrenders his forces to a Scottish army at Southwell, Nottinghamshire.^[1]
• May 6 – Poet Anne Bradstreet becomes a founding mother of Andover Parish (now North Andover) Massachusetts.
• May 30 – Spain and the Netherlands sign a temporary cease fire in the war.
• June 25 – The New Model Army of Thomas Fairfax occupies Oxford.

July–December

• July 12 – Lightning strikes the gunpowder tower of the castle of Bredevoort, causing an explosion that destroys parts of the castle and the town, killing Lord Haersolte of Bredevoort and his family, as well as others. Only one son, Anthonie, who is not home that day, survives.^[2]
• July 30 – The English Parliament sets the Newcastle Propositions for King Charles I.
• August 19 – English Civil War – Raglan Castle in Wales surrenders to General Fairfax after a 2-month siege; it is later destroyed.
• October 28 – The first Protestant church assembly for natives is held in Massachusetts (see Waban).
• November 4 – Massachusetts enacts the death penalty for denying the Holy Bible is God's word.
• December 7 – Princess Louise Henriette (19) marries Frederick William of Brandenburg.
• December 21 – Global temperatures begin to decline as part of the Little Ice Age

Date unknown

• The Westminster Confession of Faith is published.

Births

Christian V of Denmark born 15 April

Gottfried Wilhelm Leibniz born 1 July

John Flamsteed born 19 August

Élisabeth Marguerite d'Orléans born 26 December

January–March

• January 1 – David Makeléer, Swedish politician (d. 1708)
• January 6 – Jan Van Cleef, Flemish painter (d. 1716)
• February 4 – Hans Erasmus Aßmann, German statesman and poet from the second Silesian school (d. 1699)
• February 10 – Hans Adam Weissenkircher, Austrian painters (d. 1695)
• February 17 – Pierre Le Pesant, sieur de Boisguilbert, French economist (d. 1714)
• February 23 – Tokugawa Tsunayoshi, Japanese shogun (d. 1709)
• March 19 – Michael Kongehl, German poet and hymnwriter (d. 1710)
• March 25 – Niels Jonsson Stromberg af Clastorp, Swedish noble (d. 1723)

April–June

• April 1 – Hermann Otto II of Limburg Stirum, German army commander (d. 1704)
• April 4 – Antoine Galland, French orientalist and archaeologist (d. 1715)
• April 6 – Henry Goring, English politician (d. 1685)
• April 12 – Pietro Dandini, painter (d. 1712)
• April 15 – King Christian V of Denmark (d. 1699)
• April 16 – Jules Hardouin-Mansart, French architect in the French Baroque style (d. 1708)
• April 20
  • Giacinto Calandrucci, Italian painter (d. 1707)
  • Charles Plumier, French botanist (d. 1704)
• May 12 – George IV, Count of Erbach-Fürstenau (1672–1678) (d. 1678)
• May 29 – Isaac Johannes Lamotius, Dutch Governor of Mauritius (d. 1718)
• June 5 – Elena Cornaro Piscopia, Venetian philosopher of noble descent (d. 1684)
• June 6 – Hortense Mancini, favourite niece of Cardinal Mazarin (d. 1699)
• June 21 – Maria Francisca of Savoy (d. 1683)
• June 30 – Paul Hermann, German botanist (d. 1695)

July–September

• July 1 – Gottfried Wilhelm Leibniz, German philosopher, scientist, and mathematician (d. 1716)
• July 9 – Zeger Bernhard van Espen, Belgian jurist (d. 1728)
• July 15 – Frederick I, Duke of Saxe-Gotha-Altenburg (1675–1691) (d. 1691)
• July 20
  • François Vaillant de Gueslis, Jesuit missionary (d. 1718)
  • Eusèbe Renaudot, French theologian and Orientalist (d. 1720)
• July 24 – Madeleine Boullogne, French painter (d. 1710)
• July 29 – Johann Theile, German composer and organist (d. 1724)
• August 2
  • Jean-Baptiste du Casse, French admiral and buccaneer (d. 1715)
  • John Lauder, Lord Fountainhall, Scottish jurist (d. 1722)
• August 8
  • Godfrey Kneller, German-born painter (d. 1723)
  • Eleonore Charlotte of Saxe-Lauenburg-Franzhagen, Duchess of Schleswig-Holstein-Sonderburg-Franzhagen (d. 1709)
• August 12 – Louise Elisabeth of Courland, Landgrave of Hesse-Homburg (d. 1690)
• August 16 – Juan Francisco de Padilla y San Martín, Roman Catholic prelate, Bishop of Santa Cruz de la Sierra and Bishop of Puerto Rico (d. 1700)
• August 19 – John Flamsteed, British astronomer (d. 1719)
• August 24 – Roger Boyle, 2nd Earl of Orrery, Member of the Irish House of Commons (d. 1682)
• August 28 – Tsugaru Nobumasa, Japanese Daimyo (d. 1710)
• September 16 – Juan Romero de Figueroa, Spanish priest (d. 1720)

October–December

• October 3 – Joseph Parrocel, French Baroque painter (d. 1704)
• October 7 – Charles Honoré d'Albert, duc de Luynes, French noble (d. 1712)
• October 10 – Françoise-Marguerite de Sévigné, French countess (d. 1705)
• November 8 – Cresheld Draper, English politician (d. 1694)
• November 9 – John Egerton, 3rd Earl of Bridgewater, English politician (d. 1701)
• November 27 – Edward Howard, 2nd Earl of Carlisle, English politician (d. 1692)
• December 4 – Alain Emmanuel de Coëtlogon, Marshal of France in the reign of Louis XIV and Louis XV (d. 1730)
• December 26
  • Robert Bolling, wealthy early American settler planter and merchant (d. 1709)
  • Élisabeth Marguerite d'Orléans, French noble (d. 1696)

Deaths

• March 11 – Stanisław Koniecpolski, Polish soldier and statesman (b. c. 1592)
• April 10 – Santino Solari, Swiss architect and sculptor (b. 1576)
• August 19 – Alexander Henderson, Scottish theologian (b. c. 1583)
• September 1 – Francis Windebank, English statesman (b. 1582)
• September 14 – Robert Devereux, 3rd Earl of Essex, English Civil War general (b. 1591)
• September 24 – Duarte Lobo, Portuguese composer (b. c. 1565)
• October 4 – Thomas Howard, 21st Earl of Arundel, English statesman (b. 1586)
• October 12 – François de Bassompierre, Marshal of France (b. 1579)
• October 18 – Isaac Jogues, French Jesuit missionary (b. 1607)
• October 28 – William Dobson, English painter (b. 1610)
• November 29 – Laurentius Paulinus Gothus, Swedish theologian and astronomer (b. 1565)
• December 22 – Peter Mogila, Orthodox Metropolitan of Kiev and Galicia (b. 1596)
• December 23 – François Maynard, French poet (b. 1582)
• December 26 – Henri, Prince of Condé (b. 1588)
• Lady Ann Cunningham, Scottish noble and army leader.

References