1583

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August 5: Humphrey Gilbert.

1583 (MDLXXXIII) was a common year starting on Saturday (dominical letter B) of the Gregorian calendar and a common year starting on Tuesday (dominical letter F) of the Julian calendar, the 1583rd year of the Common Era (CE) and Anno Domini (AD) designations, the 583rd year of the 2nd millennium, the 83rd year of the 16th century, and the 4th year of the 1580s decade. As of the start of 1583, the Gregorian calendar was 10 days ahead of the Julian calendar, which remained in localized use until 1918.

Events

January–June

• January 18 – François, Duke of Anjou, attacks Antwerp.
• February 4 – Gebhard Truchsess von Waldburg, newly converted to Calvinism, formally marries Agnes von Mansfeld-Eisleben, a former canoness of Gerresheim, while retaining his position as Archbishop-Elector of Cologne.
• March 10 – The Queen Elizabeth's Men troupe of actors is ordered to be founded in England.
• May – Battle of Shizugatake in Japan: Shibata Katsuie is defeated by Toyotomi Hideyoshi, who goes on to commence construction of Osaka Castle.
• May 22 – Ernest of Bavaria is elected as Roman Catholic Archbishop of Cologne in opposition to Gebhard Truchsess von Waldburg. The opposition rapidly turns into armed struggle, the Cologne War within the Electorate of Cologne, beginning with the Destruction of the Oberstift.

July–December

• July 25 – Cuncolim Revolt: the first documented battle of India's independence against a European colonial ruler is fought by the Desais of Cuncolim in Goa, against the Portuguese.
• August 5 – Sir Humphrey Gilbert, on the site of the modern-day city of St John's, Newfoundland, claims the island of Newfoundland on behalf of England, marking the beginning of the British Empire.
• August 19 – Petru Cercel enters Bucharest, and becomes Prince of Wallachia.
• December 17 – Cologne War: The Siege of Godesberg (begun on November 18) concludes when Catholic forces under Prince-elector-archbishop Ernest of Bavaria capture the strategic position from defenders of the Calvinist convert Gebhard Truchsess von Waldburg.

Date unknown

• The world's oldest, intact, still-surviving amusement park, Dyrehavsbakken, is founded north of Copenhagen.
• The Bunch Of Grapes pub is built on Narrow Street, London.^[1] Referred to by Charles Dickens in Our Mutual Friend as "The Six Jolly Fellowship Porters", it still stands in the 21st century, much rebuilt and renamed The Grapes.
• From 28 May until 9 November, the first translation of the complete Bible into the Slovene language: Bibilija, tu je vse svetu pismu stariga inu noviga testamenta, slovenski tolmačena skuzi Jurija Dalmatina (work by Jurij Dalmatin, 1578) is published in Wittenberg.

Births

Peter Bulkley born on January 31

• January 8 – Simon Episcopius, Dutch theologian (d. 1643)
• January 12 – Niccolò Alamanni, Roman antiquarian of Greek origin (d. 1626)
• January 31 – Peter Bulkley, English and later American Puritan (d. 1659)
• February 4 – John Ley, English priest (d. 1662)
• February 17 – Johann Heinrich Alting (d. 1644)
• February 23 – Jean-Baptiste Morin, mathematician (d. 1656)
• March 3 – Edward Herbert, 1st Baron Herbert of Cherbury, English diplomat, poet, and philosopher (d. 1648)
• April 4 – Franciscus Quaresmius (d. 1650)
• April 8 – Nikolaus, Count Esterházy, Hungarian noble (d. 1645)
• April 10 – Hugo Grotius, Dutch philosopher and writer (d. 1645)
• May 1 – Orazio Grassi, Italian Jesuit priest, architect and scientist (d. 1654)
• May 10 – Fernando Afán de Ribera, duke of Alcalá de los Gazules, Diplomat (d. 1637)
• June 16 – Axel Oxenstierna, Lord High Chancellor of Sweden (d. 1654)
• June 20 – Jacob De la Gardie, Swedish soldier and statesman (d. 1652)
• June 22 – Joachim Ernst, Margrave of Brandenburg-Ansbach (1603–1625) (d. 1625)
• June 27 – Christopher von Dohna (d. 1637)
• July 2 – Dodo Knyphausen, German soldier (d. 1636)
• July 9 – John, Prince of Schleswig-Holstein, Danish prince (d. 1602)
• July 20 – Alban Roe, English Benedictine martyr (d. 1642)
• July 22 – Jacobus Trigland, Dutch theologian (d. 1654)
• August 19 – Daišan, Manchu politician (d. 1648)
• August 21
  • Denis Pétau (d. 1652)
  • Eleanor of Prussia, daughter of Duke Albert Frederick of Prussia; by marriage Electress of Brandenburg (d. 1607)
• August 26 – Adam, Count of Schwarzenberg, German politician (d. 1641)
• August 31 – Richard Harrison, English politician (d. 1655)
• September 23 – Christian II, Elector of Saxony from 1591 to 1611 (d. 1611)
• September 24 – Albrecht von Wallenstein, Austrian general (d. 1634)
• September 29 – John VIII, Count of Nassau-Siegen (1623–1638) (d. 1638)
• September – Girolamo Frescobaldi, Italian composer (d. 1643)
• October 22 – Laurens Reael, Dutch admiral (d. 1637)
• November 10 – Anthony Günther, Count of Oldenburg (d. 1667)
• November 15 – Théophile Raynaud, French theologian (d. 1663)
• November 17 – Archduke Maximilian Ernest of Austria, Austrian archduke (d. 1616)
• November 24 – Juan Martínez de Jáuregui y Aguilar, Spanish poet (d. 1641)
• December 17 – Robert Bertie, 1st Earl of Lindsey, English adventurer and soldier (d. 1642)
• December 25 – Orlando Gibbons, English composer (d. 1625)
• date unknown
  • Hendrick Jacobszoon Lucifer, Dutch pirate and buccaneer (d. 1627)
  • Johann Heinrich Alting, German divine (d. 1644)
  • John Beaumont, English poet (d. 1627)
  • Bonaventura Elzevir, Dutch printer (d. 1652)
  • Stanisław Lubomirski, Polish nobleman (d. 1649)
  • Philip Massinger, English dramatist (d. 1640)
  • Hayashi Razan, Japanese neo-Confucianist scholar (d. 1657)
• probable
  • Alexander Henderson, Scottish theologian (d. 1646)
  • Nzinga, warrior queen of Ndongo and Matamba (d. 1663)
  • Aurelian Townshend, English poet (d. 1643)

Deaths

King Magnus of Livonia died on March 18, 1583

Humphrey Gilbert died on September 9, 1583

• March 18 – King Magnus of Livonia (b. 1540)
• April – Lucas David, Prussian historian (b. 1503)
• May 6 – Zacharias Ursinus, German theologian (b. 1534)
• June 6
  • Nakagawa Kiyohide, Japanese military commander (b. 1556)
  • Shibata Katsutoyo, Japanese military commander (b. 1556)
• June 9 – Thomas Radclyffe, 3rd Earl of Sussex, Lord-Lieutenant of Ireland (b. 1525)
• July 1 – Sakuma Morimasa, Japanese samurai and warlord (beheaded)
• July 6 – Edmund Grindal, Archbishop of Canterbury (b. 1519)
• September 9 – Humphrey Gilbert, English explorer (born c. 1537)
• September 16 – Catherine Jagiellon, queen of John II of Sweden (b. 1526)
• September 27 – Elisabeth Plainacher, Austrian alleged witch (b. 1513)
• November 11 – Gerald FitzGerald, 15th Earl of Desmond, Irish rebel
• November 24 – René de Birague, French cardinal and chancellor (b. 1506)
• December 14 – Ivan Fyodorov, Russian printer
• December 31 – Thomas Erastus, Swiss theologian (b. 1524)
• date unknown
  • Shibata Katsuie, Japanese military commander (b. 1530)
  • Andrei Kurbsky, Russian writer (b. 1528)
  • Oda Nobutaka, Japanese samurai (b. 1558)

References