2010 Commonwealth Games

Delhi 2010: XIX Commonwealth Games

Logo of 2010 Commonwealth Games
Host city India Delhi, India
Motto Come out and play
Nations participating 71 Commonwealth Teams
Athletes participating 6,089
Events 272 events in 21 disciplines[1]
Opening ceremony 3 October 2010
Closing ceremony 14 October 2010
Officially opened by Charles, Prince of Wales and Pratibha Patil, President of India
Athlete's Oath Abhinav Bindra
Queen's Baton Final Runner Sushil Kumar
Anthem Jeeyo Utho Badho Jeeto (AR Rahman)
Main venue Jawaharlal Nehru Stadium
Website www.CWGDelhi2010.org
<  XVIII XX  >

2010 Commonwealth Games

The 2010 Commonwealth Games, officially known as the XIX Commonwealth Games, were held in Delhi, India, from 3 to 14 October 2010. A total of 6,081 athletes from 71 Commonwealth nations and dependencies competed in 21 sports and 272 events, making it the largest Commonwealth Games to date. It was also the largest international multi-sport event to be staged in Delhi and India, eclipsing the Asian Games in 1951 and 1982. The opening and closing ceremonies were held at the Jawaharlal Nehru Stadium, the main stadium of the event. It was the first time that the Commonwealth Games were held in India and the second time it was held in Asia after Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia in 1998. This also marked the first time a Commonwealth Republic hosted the games. The official mascot of the Games was Shera and the official song of the Games, "Jiyo Utho Bado Jeeto", was composed by celebrated Indian musician A.R. Rahman.

Preparation for the Games received widespread international media attention, with criticism being levelled against the organisers for the slow pace of work, as well as issues related to security and hygiene. However, all member nations of the Commonwealth of Nations participated in the event, except Fiji, which is suspended from the Commonwealth, and Tokelau, which didn't send a team, in spite of threats of boycotts and athlete withdrawals. The internationally acclaimed opening ceremony improved the image of the Games,[2][3] and dispelled negative notions surrounding them, with many observers remarking that they began on an apprehensive note, but were an exceptional experience with a largely positive ending.[4] The President of the International Olympic Committee, Jacques Rogge, said that India had made a good foundation for a future Olympics bid, which was reiterated by the Australian Ministry of Sports.[5][6] Commonwealth games Federation chief Mike Fennell stated that "Delhi delivered a fantastic Games".[7] Some observers accused sections of the media of bias, unfair expectations, and negative reporting.[8]

The final medal tally was led by Australia. The host nation India achieved its best performance ever at the Games, finishing second overall.

Organisation

Bidding

This was India's first successful bid for the Games. The bid was Canada's attempt to hold the games for the fifth time.[9][10][11] India's bid motto was New Frontiers and Friendships.[12]

India shifted the balance in its favour in the second round of voting with a promise that it would provide US$100,000 to each participating country, along with air tickets, boarding, lodging and transport.[13] The successful 2003 Afro-Asian Games held in Hyderabad was also seen as having shown that India has the resources, infrastructure and technical know-how to stage a big sporting event. India also thanked Latif Butt, former vice-president of the Olympic Council of Asia, for his support in the winning bid, by saying, "You played a vital role in the Commonwealth Games 2010 being allotted to India. Such actions are worthy of emulation by all concerned in Pakistan and India. I have no doubt that if both sides continue to live by such ideals, one day, sooner than later our generations to come will reap the benefits of and be grateful to those making such contributions. You would certainly be such person."[12] The Indian government stated that it would underwrite the total cost of the Games.[14][15]

2010 Commonwealth Games bidding results
City Country Votes
Delhi India 46
Hamilton Canada 22

Organising committee

OC main building

The organisation of CWG 2010 was beset by delays: in January 2010, the Indian Olympic Association vice-chairman Raja Randhir Singh expressed concern that Delhi was not up to speed in forming and organising its games committee and, following a 2009 Indian Government report showing two-thirds of venues were behind schedule, Commonwealth Games Federation president Mike Fennell stated that the slow progress of preparations represented a serious risk to the event.[16] Singh also called for a revamp of the games' organising committees:[17] Jarnail Singh, a former Secretary of the Government of India, was appointed as the chief executive officer and Indian Olympic Association president Suresh Kalmadi was appointed as head of the committee. In spite of delays and the corruption cases levied on the organisors, commentators stated that they were confident that India will successfully host the games and do so on time.[18][19]

At the launch of the Queen's Baton Relay in October 2009, the Business Club of India (BCI) was formed through the partnership of the organising committee, the Confederation of Indian Industry (CII) and the Federation of Indian Chambers of Commerce and Industry (FICCI). The BCI was formed to both market the Games and promote Indian business interests internationally.[20]

Costs

The initial total budget estimated by the Indian Olympic Association in 2003 for hosting the Games was ₹16.2 billion (US$240 million). In 2010, however, the official total budget soon escalated to an estimated ₹115 billion (US$1.7 billion), a figure which excluded non-sports-related infrastructure development.[21] Business Today magazine estimated that the Games cost ₹700 billion (US$10 billion).[22] The 2010 Commonwealth Games are reportedly the most expensive Commonwealth Games ever.[23]

Transport

Further information: Transport in Delhi
Delhi–Gurgaon Expressway with Toll Tax Gate, Gurgaon

A four-lane flyway, 2.2 km stretch from Lodhi Road to trans-Yamuna, linking the Games Village to the Jawaharlal Nehru Stadium was constructed which reduced the travelling time between the village and the Stadium to six minutes.

In response to concerns over the large number of trains that pass by the Delhi metropolitan region daily, construction of road under-bridges and over-bridges along railway lines have been completed. To expand road infrastructure, flyovers, cloverleaf flyovers, and bridges were built to improve links for the Games and city in general. Road-widening projects were finished with an emphasis being placed on expanding national highways. To improve traffic flow on existing roads, plans were made to make both the inner and outer Ring roads signal free.

To support its commitment to mass transport, nine corridors have been identified and were constructed as High Capacity Bus Systems (for example, one from Ambedkar Nagar to Red Fort). Six of these corridors were expected to be operational in 2010. Additionally, The Delhi Metro was expanded to accommodate more people and boost the use of public transport during the 2010 games. The metro has extended to Gurgaon and the Noida area. For this large increase in the size of the network, Delhi Metro had deployed 14 tunnel boring machines.[24] Radio Frequency Identification (RFID) was used to tag vehicles in venue parking lots to help organise mass parking and increase security.[25]

Indira Gandhi International Airport was modernised, expanded, and upgraded. Costing nearly $1.95 billion, Terminal 3 has increased airport passenger capacity to more than 37 million passengers a year by 2010. A new runway has been constructed, allowing for more than 75 flights an hour. At more than 4400 metres long, it is one of Asia's longest. The airport has been connected to the city via a six-lane expressway (Delhi–Gurgaon Expressway) and the $580 million Delhi Airport Metro Express line.[26]

Logo for the Delhi 2010 Commonwealth Games being recognised as the first ever "Green Commonwealth Games"

Green Games

The organisers signed a Memorandum of Understanding (MoU) with the United Nations Environment Programme to show the intention to host a "sustainable games" and to take the environment into consideration when constructing and renovating venues. Thyagaraj Stadium is intended to be a key example of environmentally considered construction.

In opposition to this intention, a number of environmental controversies arose and the adverse ecological impact of various aspects of the games have been protested by city residents.[27][28] City residents filed a public interest petition to the Supreme Court of India against the felling of 'heritage' trees in the Siri Fort area to make way for Games facilities. The court appointed architect Charles Correa to assess the impact and he severely criticised the designs on ecological grounds.[29] In spite of this, in April 2009 the Supreme Court allowed the construction on the grounds that "much time had been lost" and "the damage already caused to the environment could not be undone".[30][31]

The Commonwealth Games village, located on the flood plains of the Yamuna, has also been the subject of controversies about the flouting of ecological norms.[32] After a prolonged legal battle between city residents and the state, construction was permitted to continue on the basis of an order of the Supreme Court of India in July 2009, which held that the government had satisfied the requirements of "due process of the law" by issuing public notice of its intention to begin construction work in September 1999 (a date four years prior to the acceptance of Delhi's bid for the games).[33]

Other preparation

In preparation for an influx of English-speaking tourists for the Games, the Delhi government implemented a program to teach English, and the necessary skills for serving tourists, to key workers—such as cab drivers, security workers, waiters, porters, and service staff. In the two years prior to the Games 2,000 drivers were taught English. In addition to Delhi, the Indian Government plans to expand the program to teach people in local tourist destinations in other parts of India.[34]

HOHO Delhi Bus Inauguration in Delhi

To facilitate hassle-free sightseeing in Delhi, Delhi Tourism undertook the launch of India's very first Hop on Hop Off bus known as HOHO DELHI, modelled on popular concept of transport facilities in Western countries. The bus, which is equipped with state-of-the-art technologies like digital video screens and GPS systems, also had trained guides who were responsible for giving information about the sites.

To prepare for the energy-usage spike during the Games and to end chronic power cuts in Delhi, the government undertook a large power-production initiative to increase power production to 7,000 MW (from the current 4,500 MW). To achieve this goal, the government streamlined the power distribution process, direct additional energy to Delhi, and constructed new power plants.[35]

In addition to physical preparation, free accommodation for all athletes at the Games Village, as well as free transport and other benefits, such as a free trip to the famed Taj Mahal and a reserved lane for participants on selected highways was provided[36] The Games Village will house over 8,000 athletes and officials for the Games. Indian states will train state police forces to handle tourist-related issues and deploy them prior to the Games. A large-scale construction and "beautification" project has resulted in the demolition of hundreds of homes and the displacement of city dwellers—at least 100,000 of New Delhi's 160,000 homeless people have removed from shelters, some of which have been demolished.[37][38] Bamboo screens have been erected around city slums to separate visitors from the sights of the slums,[39] a practice which human rights campaigners have deemed dishonest and immoral.[40]

The Delhi High Court implemented a series of "mobile courts" to be dispatched throughout Delhi to relocate migrant beggars from Delhi streets. The mobile courts would consider each beggar on a case-by-case basis to determine whether the beggar should be sent back to his/her state of residence, or be permitted to remain in government-shelters.[41]

Symbols

Mascot

The official mascot for the 2010 Commonwealth Games is Shera, an anthropomorphised tiger.[42] His name comes from "Sher", a hindi word meaning tiger (Hindi "Bagh" means tiger. However, Sher is colloquially used for both lion and tiger). The logo and the look for the games were designed by Idiom Design and Consulting.There is one song for Shera also composed by the popular composer of INDIA the song contains initiative "Shera Shera"[43]

The mascot Shera visited many schools across Delhi to create enthusiasm and interest for the Commonwealth Games being held .

Official song

Main article: Jiyo Utho Bado Jeeto

The official song of the 2010 Commonwealth Games "Jiyo Utho Bado Jeeto" was composed and performed by the Indian musician A. R. Rahman.[44] The song's title is based on the slogan of the games, "Come out and play". The song is penned by Mehboob in Hindi with a sprinkling of English words. It was released on 28 August 2010. The music video, directed by Bharath Bala was released on 23 September and featured a shorter version of the song. A. R. Rahman also gave a live concert for the theme song in Gurgaon, Haryana which was previewed on various news channels . The official video of the song has been released on YouTube . However this song was not much appreciated by the people[45] as it was being compared with FIFA WC, South Africa's official song and Waka-Waka of Shakira.

Queen's Baton relay

The Queen's Baton Relay began when the baton, which contains Elizabeth II's message to the athletes, left Buckingham Palace on 29 October 2009. The baton arrived at the 2010 Games opening ceremony on 3 October 2010, after visiting the other 54 nations of the Commonwealth and travelling throughout India, reaching millions of people to join in the celebrations for the Games.The baton arrived in India on 25 June 2010 through the Wagah Border crossing from Pakistan.[46]

The baton was designed by Michael Foley, a graduate of the National Institute of Design.[47] It is a triangular section of aluminium twisted into a helix shape and then coated with coloured soils collected from all the regions of India. The coloured soils are a first for the styling of a Queen's Baton. A jewel-encrusted box was used to house the Queen's message, which was laser-engraved onto a miniature 18 carat gold leaf—representative of the ancient Indian 'patras. The Queen's baton is ergonomically contoured for ease of use. It is 664 millimetres (26.1 in) high, 34 millimetres (1.3 in) wide at the base, and 86 millimetres (3.4 in) wide at the top and weighs 1,900 grams (67 oz).

The Queen's baton has a number of technological features including:

Calendar

The official calendar for the 2010 Commonwealth Games is as follows.[48] Click on the blue dots in the table to read about the individual events.

   ●   Opening ceremony       Event competitions    ●   Event finals    ●   Closing ceremony
October   3      4     5     6     7     8     9     10     11     12     13     14   Gold Medals Venue
Ceremonies ● ● Jawaharlal Nehru Stadium
Aquatics ● ● ●
● ● 		● ● ●
● ● 		● ● ●
● ● ●
● ● ● 		● ● ●
● ●
● ● 		● ● ● ●
● ● ● ●
● ● ● 		● ● ●
● ● ●
● ● ● 		● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● 56 SPM Swimming Pool Complex
Archery ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● 8 Yamuna Sports Complex
Athletics ● ● ● ● ●
● ●
● ● 		● ● ●
● ● ●
● ● 		● ● ●
● ● ●
● ● ● 		● ● ●
● ● ●
● ● 		● ● ●
● ● ●
● 		● ● ●
● ● ●
● ● ● 		● ● 52 Jawaharlal Nehru Stadium & India Gate
Badminton ● ● ● ●
● ● 		6 Siri Fort Sports Complex
Boxing ● ● ● ●
● ● ●
● ● ● 		10 Talkatora Stadium
Cycling ● ● ● ● ●
● ● 		● ●
● ● 		● ● ● ● ● ● ● 18 I. G. Indoor Stadium Complex & India Gate
Gymnastics ● ● ● ● ● ● ●
● ● 		● ● ●
● ● 		● ● ● ●
● ● 		20 I. G. Indoor Stadium Complex
Hockey ● ● 2 Maj. Dhyan Chand National Stadium
Lawn bowls ● ● ● ● ● ● 6 Jawaharlal Nehru Stadium
Netball ● 1 Thyagaraj Sports Complex
Rugby sevens ● 1 Delhi University Stadium
Shooting ● ●
● ● 		● ●
● ● 		● ●
● ● 		● ● ●
● ● 		● ●
● ● 		● ● ● ● ● ● ●
● ● 		● ● ●
● ● ● 		36 Dr. Karni Singh Shooting Range
Squash ● ● ● ● ● 5 Siri Fort Sports Complex
Table tennis ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● 8 Yamuna Sports Complex
Tennis ● ● ● ● ● 5 R.K. Khanna Tennis Complex
Weightlifting ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● 17 Jawaharlal Nehru Stadium
Wrestling ● ● ● ● ●
● ● 		● ●
● ● 		● ● ● ● ● ● ● ●
● ● 		21 I. G. Indoor Stadium Complex
Total Gold Medals 8 18 28 35 43 31 29 14 21 29 16 272 Total Gold Medals
October 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 Gold Medals Venue

Opening ceremony

The 2010 Commonwealth Games opening ceremony in Jawaharlal Nehru Stadium. In the foreground is the aerostat

The opening ceremony was held at the Jawaharlal Nehru Stadium, the main stadium of the event, in New Delhi, India. It began at 19:00  (IST) on 3 October.[49] The opening ceremony was directed by Ganapathy Bharat, known commonly as Bharat Bala, an acclaimed Tamil film director, screenwriter and film producer based in Kodambakkam, Chennai. The ceremony featured over 8,000 performers, and lasted for two-and-a-half hours.[50] It is estimated that ₹3.50 billion (US$77 million) were spent to produce the ceremony.[51] The ceremony was divided into six separate segments, each showcasing the rich, ancient and diverse cultures of India, including art, traditions, dances, music and colours. The ceremony began with a showcase of a variety of drummers from all parts of India, accompanied by seven-year-old tabla player Keshav. The countdown took place on a screen in the stadium, and was accompanied by fireworks. The center-piece of the ceremony was the helium aerostat, which acted as a giant 360° screen for spectators. The ceremony showcased a fusion of various classical dances from all parts of India, mehendi decorations, sand paintings and yoga. The title song was performed by A R Rahman. Singer Hariharan sang the welcome song for the Games, titled Swagatam, with thousands of school children.[52]

The Prince of Wales (representing Elizabeth II as Head of the Commonwealth) and President of India Pratibha Patil officially declared the Games open.[53] Prime Minister Manmohan Singh of the host nation, India, attended the opening ceremony as well. A total of three heads of state from outside India attended the opening ceremony; two from Commonwealth nations and one from a non-Commonwealth nation. The three head of states were Mohamed Nasheed, President of the Maldives, Marcus Stephen, President of Nauru and a multiple Commonwealth gold medallist, and Albert II, Prince of Monaco,representing the International Olympic Committee.[54] As well, Sir Anand Satyanand, the Governor General of New Zealand, attended the ceremony.[55]

Sports

There were events in 21 disciplines across 17 sports for the 2010 Commonwealth Games.

Kabaddi was a demonstration sport at the Games.[56]

Triathlon was excluded from the games as there was no suitable location for the swimming stage.[57] The organisers have also removed basketball, but included archery, tennis and wrestling. Cricket, although in strong demand, did not make a come-back as the Board of Control for Cricket in India were not keen on a Twenty20 tournament, and the organisers did not want a one day tournament.[58]

Medal table

Medalists of the Badminton mixed team competition at the 2010 Commonwealth Games in Delhi. From the left: India (silver), Malaysia (gold), and England (bronze).
Medalists of the 10-metre air pistol pairs women at the 2010 Commonwealth Games in Delhi. From the left: Dina Aspandiyarova, Pamela McKenzie, Heena Sidhu, Annu Raj Singh, Dorothy Ludwig, and Lynda Hare.

Only the top ten nations by medal rank are shown in this medal table. Nations are ranked first by count of gold medals, then silver medals, then bronze medals. The ranking in this table is consistent with International Olympic Committee convention in its published medal tables. By default, the table is ordered by the number of gold medals the athletes from a nation have won (in this context, a "nation" is an entity represented by an NOC). The number of silver medals is taken into consideration next and then the number of bronze medals. If nations are still tied, equal ranking is given and they are listed alphabetically by IOC country code.

In Boxing two bronze medals were awarded in each weight class. Additionally there was a tie of three athletes for the third place in the women's pole vault in athletics meant that three bronze medals were awarded. Therefore, the total number of bronze medals is greater than the total number of gold or silver medals.[59]

  Host nation (India)
Rank Nation Gold Silver Bronze Total
1  Australia (AUS) 74 55 48 177
2  India (IND) 38 27 36 101
3  England (ENG) 37 60 45 142
4  Canada (CAN) 26 17 32 75
5  Kenya (KEN) 12 11 10 33
6  South Africa (RSA) 12 11 10 33
7  Malaysia (MAS) 12 10 13 35
8  Singapore (SIN) 11 11 9 31
9  Nigeria (NGR) 11 10 14 35
10  Scotland (SCO) 9 10 7 26
Total 272 274 282 828[60]

Closing ceremony

The games closed on 14 October 2010 in a colourful closing ceremony featuring both Indian and Scottish performers.[61][62] The closing ceremony was not as well received as the opening ceremony.[63] The Commonwealth Games flag was handed over to representatives of Glasgow, Scotland, which hosted the XX Commonwealth Games in 2014. At the closing ceremony, the President of the Commonwealth Games Federation declared that Delhi had hosted a "truly exceptional Games".[64] A day after the ceremony, Scotland's First Minister Alex Salmond stated that "[Scotland] is highly impressed with Delhi's success in holding the multi-sport event,[...] Delhi hosted a very successful Commonwealth Games. It will be a challenge to emulate".[65]

Participating nations

There were 71 participating nations at the 2010 Commonwealth Games. As Fiji was suspended from the Commonwealth, it was banned from participating in the Games.[66] Rwanda fielded a team for the games for the first time after becoming a Commonwealth member in 2009.[67] The numbers of athletes from each country is shown in brackets. Tokelau was initially expected to compete, but did not do so.[68]

Participating Commonwealth countries and territories
Nations that competed at the Games

Venues

Jawaharlal Nehru Stadium, New Delhi
The main venue of the Games, the Jawaharlal Nehru Stadium.

Events took place at 12 competition venues. A total of 20 training venues were used in the Games. Of these 20, one was used for archery; three for aquatics; two for lawn bowls; two for netball; eight for rugby sevens, including seven venues within Delhi University; two for shooting; one for squash; two for table tennis; one for weightlifting, three for wrestling and two for tennis.[137]

The Commonwealth Games Village provided accommodation and training for athletes of the Games, and was opened from 23 September to 18 October 2010. It is located along the east bank of the River Yamuna, in proximity to competition and training venues as well as city landmarks, and is spread over an area of 63.5 hectares (157 acres). Comprising five main zones—the Residential Zone, the International Zone, the Training Area, the Main Dining and the Operational Zone—the Games Village, which is a non-smoking zone,[138] is universally accessible particularly to accommodate para-sport athletes.[139]

There were three main non-competition venues in the Games, besides the Commonwealth Games Village (see above); namely the Delhi 2010 Commonwealth Games Organising Committee Headquarters (OC CWG Delhi 2010), the Main Media Centre, and the Games Family Hotel, Hotel Ashok.

Concerns and controversies

Several concerns were raised over the preparations of the Games and these included excessive budget overruns,[140] likelihood of floods in Delhi due to heavy monsoon rains, infrastructural compromise, poor living conditions at the Commonwealth Games Village, delays in construction of the main Games' venues,[141][142] the withdrawal of prominent athletes,[143] widespread corruption by officials of the Games' Organising Committee[144] and possibility of a terrorist attack by militants.[145]

The negative pre-event publicity and heavy security presence played in part in low spectator attendance during the initial events. However the numbers picked up as the Games progressed.

Formation of dedicated investigation committee

The day after the conclusion of the Games, the Indian Government announced the formation of a special committee to probe the allegations of corruption and mismanagement against the Organising Committee. The probe committee will be led by former Comptroller and Auditor General of India VK Shunglu. This probe will be in addition to the Central Bureau of Investigation, Enforcement Directorate, and Central Vigilance Commission investigations already underway. The Prime Minister of India, Dr Manmohan Singh had promised in mid-August, when reports of the bungling first surfaced, that corrupt officials will be given "severe and exemplary" punishment after the Games. The probe committee is tasked with looking into "all aspects of organising and conducting" the Games, and "to draw lessons from it." It was given three months to submit its report, but the report was never publicly released.[146][147] The Indian Sports Ministry has directed the Organising Committee of the 2010 Commonwealth Games (led by Suresh Kalmadi), to not release any staffer from their positions till the probe committee's work is finished.

Legacy

One of the aims of hosting the Commonwealth Games was to build world-class athletics infrastructure within the country, expose audiences to top-level non-cricket competition and encourage the youth to "Come out and play" (the official theme of the games).[148] Building a sporting culture that looks beyond cricket is seen as an important task for a country which won its first ever individual Olympic gold medal in Beijing 2008, despite having the world's second-largest population.[149]

Sebastian Coe, former Olympic gold medalist and chairman of the 2012 Summer Olympics Organising Committee, was at the stadium during the 4 × 400 m women's relay and described the audience's cheers for the racers as "potentially the moment that could change the course of athletics in Asia, the moment that could inspire thousands of people who'd never even seen an athletics track before to get involved... To build a truly global capacity in sport, you have to take it round the world – out of your own backyard. That means taking risks and facing challenges, but it has to be done."[150]

Dangal film

The Games as in the film Dangal

Geeta Phogat was India's first female wrestler to win at the 2010 Commonwealth Games, where she won the gold medal (55 kg) while her sister Babita Kumari won the silver (51 kg). This came back in the 2016 Indian film Dangal that will be relasead in December 2016. Parts of the 2010 Commonwealth Games setting were rebuilt for the film. Dangal is the Hindi term for a wrestling competition.

See also

References

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  2. ↑ Burke, Jason (3 October 2010). "'India has arrived': spectacular ceremony opens Commonwealth Games". London: The Guardian, UK. Archived from the original on 6 October 2010. Retrieved 5 October 2010.
  3. ↑ Hart, Simon (3 October 2010). "Commonwealth Games 2010: India opens doors to the world at opening ceremony". The Telegraph. London. Archived from the original on 6 October 2010. Retrieved 5 October 2010.
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  12. 1 2 Commonwealth Games 2010 in New Delhi: Pakistan played important role. (13 April 2010). Retrieved 23 April 2010. Archived 11 January 2012 at the Wayback Machine.
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  15. ↑ "2010 Commonwealth Games bidding results". The Hindu.
  16. ↑ "India admits 2010 Games problems". BBC. 15 September 2009. Retrieved 23 April 2010.
  17. ↑ "Olympic official calls for revamp of Delhi Games committee". Reuters. 15 September 2009. Retrieved 14 January 2011.
  18. ↑ Dean Nelson (15 September 2009). "Delhi Commonwealth Games 'at grave risk of collapse'". The Daily Telegraph. UK. Retrieved 23 April 2010.
  19. ↑ Jeremy Page (15 September 2009). "Only a year to run–and Delhi is losing race to host Commonwealth Games". The Times. UK. Retrieved 23 April 2010.
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  22. ↑ Press, Associated (2011-04-25). "Delhi Commonwealth Games organiser arrested in corruption investigation". the Guardian. Retrieved 2016-07-08.
  23. ↑ Melbourne 2006
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  31. ↑ "Supreme Court Clears Siri Fort Complex, The Indian Express, 28 April 2009". Archived from the original on 10 October 2012. Retrieved 14 January 2011.
  32. ↑ Games Village flouting ecological norms
  33. ↑ "Court allows Indian Games village". BBC News. 30 July 2009. Retrieved 23 April 2010.
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Preceded by
Melbourne		 Commonwealth Games
Delhi
XIX Commonwealth Games 		Succeeded by
Glasgow
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