2003 Afro-Asian Games

I Afro-Asian Games

Logo (left) and mascot (right) of the 2003 Afro-Asian Games. The logo shows the Charminar, Hyderabad's most famous landmark, surrounded by a string of pearls. The mascot is Sheroo, a cartoon representation of the royal Bengal tiger, India's national animal.
Host city India Hyderabad-Secunderabad, India
Motto "Two Continents, One Spirit"
Theme song: Come Together To Celebrate Afro-Asian Games
Nations participating 96
Athletes participating 2,040[1]
Events 131
(75 men's events, 55
women's events, 1
combined event)
Opening ceremony October 24, 2003
Closing ceremony November 1, 2003
Officially opened by L K Advani
Officially closed by APJ Abdul Kalam
Athlete's Oath Anjali Bhagwat
Main venue GMC Balayogi Athletic Stadium

The 2003 Afro-Asian Games, officially known as the First Afro-Asian Games or I Afro-Asian Games and unofficially known as the Inaugural Afro-Asian Games, was a major international multi-sport event held in Hyderabad, India,[2] from October 24 (excluding football and hockey, which began on October 22 and October 23 respectively) to November 1, 2003.[3]

The Afro-Asian Games was the largest sporting event ever to be held in Hyderabad, and one of the largest in India, second only to the 2010 Commonwealth Games by athletes' volume. The scale of these Games exceeds even the two Asian Games held in Delhi in 1951 (both by athletes' volume and by number of participating nations) and 1982 (by number of participating nations). More than 2000 athletes from 96 countries competed in the Games. A total of 131 sporting events in eight disciplines were conducted. Also, 120 countries sent 1,565 official representatives to these Games.

The First Afro-Asian Games were held after nearly two decades of delays, shifts and cancellations. The prolonged amount of time for these Games considerably reduced interest in them. After the preliminary decision of hosting the Games, the venue was shuttled between New Delhi and Kuwait City. At the last moment, New Delhi was outfavoured by Hyderabad, which had hosted the National Games of India in 2002.[4]

These Games, however, had lesser scope than the Asian Games or Commonwealth Games, since 96 nations participated in only eight disciplines. The Games witnessed only one new world record. Thirty-seven countries - an unprecedented 39% of the participating nations - won at least one medal in these Games.[5]

History

The idea to hold an inter-continental sporting event between Asia and Africa was initiated in April 1983, with New Delhi as the proposed venue. However, for unknown circumstances, the venue was shifted to Kuwait and the Games were proposed to be held in 1985.[6] Political instability led to the cancellation of the Games. In 1989, the proposal was reconsidered, with New Delhi again chosen as the venue for the Games.[6] The Games were then scheduled for 1991. The plans went wrong due to inefficient communication between the members, and so could not come into force.

In 1999, a proposal for the renewal of the Games was accepted. Subsequently, Pune and then New Delhi were proposed as venues.[6] However, they were postponed till November 2001.[7] Slow preparations led to indefinite postponement again.[6] After the occurrence of 9/11, Delhi pulled out.[6] This led to the circulation of rumours that the games were "jinxed".[8] Later, the IOA announced that the Olympic Council of Asia (OCA) and the Association of National Olympic Committees of Africa (ANOCA) had sanctioned 2003 as the new date for the Games.[9] Also, the venue was changed to Hyderabad after Delhi pulled out. Most critics point to the successful hosting of the 32nd National Games of India, which were held at Hyderabad, as the main reason for Hyderabad being chosen.[3]

Preparation

A view of Gachibowli, the Hyderabadean suburb which hosted the Games

The Indian Government spent ₹ 1.03 billion (US$22.92 million),[7] for the Afro-Asian Games, making these Games one of the most expensive sporting events held in Hyderabad. All preparations were completed within 60 days before the events began.[7]

General Preparation

The Indian Olympic Association (IOA) decided to set up a central head of the development for the Games. Thus, the Afro-Asian Games Secretariat was set up at the Greenlands Guest House[7] to organize, monitor and manage all the activities related to the Games. 17 functional organizing sub-committees were formed to oversee the development of the venues and other infrastructure.[10] The various functions were divided within these committees. The special officer-in-charge of the Games was Sabyasachi Ghosh,[11] while the Secretary-General of the Games was Ali Moradi.[12]

A large development Planning Association meant a great amount of inter-connectivity and communication requirements. A 24-hour call centre with interpreters was set up, using a Closed User Group (CUG) circuit.

A large "web" of networking facilities was built to connect all the hotels, media centres, stadia and Transportation Committees.[7] This would help in easing pressure on any one committee. Since the African continent is not very well-connected, an Accreditation Committee was dispatched to Abuja - in Nigeria - the host city of the 2003 All-Africa Games.[7] The Accreditation committee brought all sports-persons and officials from Africa to Hyderabad.

Technology

The software company CMC Limited had developed a Games and Event Management System (GEMS),[13] which helped the organizers to efficiently manage events across the sports venues. It worked closely with Doordarshan, the official television broadcasters of the Games, to provide results of sporting competitions and live Games information.[13] Additionally, cutting-edge technology like the implementation of geo-referenced maps and Geographic Information System (GIS) was implemented,[14] so as to ensure a smooth and rapid flow of work.

Transport

In the month of September, less than a month away from the Afro-Asian Games, the Transport Ministry of Hyderabad released a large number of luxury vehicles, to be used in the Games. It was the second time in the span of one year that the Transport Ministry had done so - the first time being for the 32nd National Games of India.[15] In an effort to spruce up the city in time for the Games, the organizers arranged several buses, vans and cars to ferry the athletes and the guests.[15]

Accommodation


Accommodation of the athletes and foreign officials posed a serious problem to the organisers. Contrary to what the Olympics and related multi-sport events provide, no actual Games Village was available for the athletes to stay.[16] The Sports Authority of Andhra Pradesh (SAAP) had initially wanted to have a separate Games Village for the Games, but could not arrange for it. Even though Hyderabad had hosted the 32nd National Games of India in 2002, for which a Games Village had been built, the organizers could not utilise it due to severe financial problems. It was estimated that about ₹ 800 million (US$16 million) would be required to upgrade the existing Games Village.[17] The Government of Andhra Pradesh and the Sports Authority of Andhra Pradesh (SAAP) instead opted to obtain bulk bookings from all the major hotels in the city so as to provide accommodation for the athletes, foreign dignitaries and the media.[17]

Security

About 1400 police personnel were drawn from various districts of Andhra Pradesh to provide the first layer of security. In addition to this, over 5000 city policemen were deployed in various places, including the event venues and all the major hotels of the city.[18] Strict anti-sabotage measures were taken to provide security at the athlete hotels. Also, a 24-hour access control system was placed, with sniffer dogs used to sanitise the area.[18]

To facilitate foreign athletes and officials, four immigration counters were set up at the airport. A time limit of 30 minutes was laid down to clear any athlete or official. To improve security speed, six interpreters of Russian, Japanese, Mandarin Chinese, Korean, French and Arabic were present at the airport. In addition, 24 specially trained immigration personnel were stationed round the clock in the airport.[18]

Pressure on Organizing Committee

There was a lot of pressure upon the Secretariat for the smooth performance of these Games, as the IOA would keenly observe the Afro-Asian Games, in preparation for the 2010 Commonwealth Games at Delhi, India. Also, officials from Beijing, China - the venue of 2008 Summer Olympics - and Doha, Qatar - the host of 2006 Asian Games - would attend the Afro-Asian Games, and keenly observe the way the Games functioned.[7]

However, hosting of the Games was not the only major issue for the Committee. The Afro-Asian Games would see the participation of various nations which are not in good terms with some other nations. The then Prime Minister of India, Atal Behari Vajpayee, had hinted that "some nations might withdraw from the Games, rather than get embroiled in international conflicts".[19]

Marketing

Logo

The logo of the Afro-Asian Games was the Charminar[6] - Hyderabad's most famous landmark - surrounded by a string of pearls. Hyderabad is also famous for its pearls. The official logo of the Games was unveiled, along with the official website, by Chief Minister Chandrababu Naidu on September 3, 2003.[20]

Mascot

The Mascot for these Games was Sheroo,[6] also spelt Sheru, a cartoon lion. Subsequently, a variation of the name 'Sheroo', called 'Shera', would be given for the mascot of the 2010 Commonwealth Games.[21]

Sponsorships

Several Indian corporates such as Indian Oil Corporation (IOC), GVK Group and State Bank of Hyderabad provided sponsorships worth INR 10 million each towards the staging of several events of the inaugural Games. Several other corporates such as Oil and Natural Gas Corporation (ONGC), Videocon and Bharat Petroleum Corporation Limited (BPCL) also contributed to the Games.[22] Also, Florida-based IMG Academy assisted in the conduct of the Games.[3]

Participating countries

A view of the participants' flag-bearers

The First Afro-Asian Games were the first time that Asia and Africa came together for such a large event. 43 Asian countries and 53 African countries participated in this sporting event.

Below is a list of all the participating countries in the Inaugural Afro-Asian Games.[6]

Venues

The events of the Games were held across eight stadiums, spread throughout the suburb of Gachibowli. The venues were:[6]

Gachibowli
GMC Balayogi Athletic Stadium
Capacity: 30,000
Events: Opening and closing ceremonies, Athletics, Boxing, Football		 Kotla Vijay Bhaskar Reddy Indoor Stadium
Capacity: 2,000
Events: Weightlifting		 Lal Bahadur Shastri Stadium
Capacity: 30,000[24]
Events: Football		 Gachibowli Hockey Stadium
Capacity: 8,000
Events: Hockey
Gachibowli
Central University Shooting Range
Capacity: 600[25]
Events: Shooting		 Aquatics Complex
Capacity: 2,000
Events: Swimming		 SAAP Tennis Complex
Capacity: 4,000
Events: Tennis		 Gachibowli Indoor Stadium
Capacity: 4,000
Events: Boxing

Sports

The program of the Afro-Asian Games was almost the same as that of the Asian Games, the only difference being in the number of sports. These Games witnessed eight disciplines in eight sports. Synchronised swimming and diving were not contested.

The list of sports is given below (Number in parentheses indicates number of events).

Calendar

The 2003 Afro-Asian Games Calendar is given below.[26][27][28][29][30][31][32][33]

 ● Opening ceremony    ●   Event competitions  ● Event finals  ● Closing ceremony
October   22     23     24     25     26     27     28     29     30     31   November 1 Gold medal(s)
Ceremonies ● ● -
Athletics ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● 42
Boxing ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● 11
Football ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● 1
Hockey ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● 2
Shooting* ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● 14
Swimming ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● 38
Tennis ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● 7
Weightlifting ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● 15
Total Gold medals 8 12 13 17 28 30 22 130
Cumulative total 8 20 33 50 78 108 130 130
October 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 November 1 Gold medal(s)

* The shooting events include 50 birds and 75 birds events.

Qualification

Qualification for the Games depended upon the performance of the countries in other major multi-sport events. Since these Games featured delegations from two continents, the qualification criteria for nations from the different continents was different. The qualification of the African nations was based on their performance in the 2003 All-Africa Games held in Abuja, Nigeria.[34] The qualification for the Asian nations was based on their performance in the 2002 Asian Games held in Busan, South Korea.[34]

Media coverage

Television

The official television host broadcaster of the Afro-Asian Games was DD Sports,[35] India's first sports channel. The experience gained through broadcasting these Games would prove to be extremely helpful for its parent company Doordarshan, as they broadcast the 2004 Olympic Games live and will also be telecasting the 2010 Commonwealth Games.[36] However, the schedule of the Games clashed with an ongoing Triangular Cricket Tournament, and the events were aired on DD Metro.[37] Doordarshan deployed 350 personnel, 10 outdoor broadcasting vans and 86 cameras for obtaining coverage of the Games.[36] Additionally, five cameras were used for the Sports news and the sidelights.[36]

Radio

“ Commentators we have taken are the best in the country. We have not spared any expenditure in this regard. ”
— K S Sharma, CEO, Prasar Bharati[36]

India's premier radio broadcaster, the All India Radio (A.I.R), was the official radio partner of the Games. The AIR hired 150[36] programmers and engineers for the coverage of the Games.

Ceremonies

The opening and closing ceremonies were described as "eye-filling" and "opulent" by several media centers.[38] The ceremonies cost INR 150 million (US$3.34 million) to execute.[39] Children from India, China and some African nations had practiced for a reported 21 days to ensure the success of the beginning and the end of the Inaugural Games.[39] The settings utilised for the ceremonies were designed by well-known art director and film production designer Nitin Chandrakant Desai.[40]

Opening ceremony

The Opening ceremony of the Games were held in the GMC Balayogi Stadium - the main stadium of the events - at 5:30 pm IST.[41] The organisers considered it as "a benchmark of the Games". The Opening ceremony of the Games showcased the cultural heritage of both the attending continents - Asia and Africa. 30,000 people came to watch the beginning of the gala sporting event.[42] The ceremony, which was hosted by Bollywood actor Priyanka Chopra, was spread over a time period of two hours and forty minutes.[43] Many celebrities, like actor Sanjay Dutt and tennis player Leander Paes graced the occasion.[42] Also, six-time pole vault winner Sergey Bubka,[42] along with his wife, attended the ceremony.

Around 12,000 schoolchildren and college students came up with a show depicting the vast and vibrant culture of the two continents.[42]

Chief Guest L K Advani declared the Games open. Shooter Anjali Bhagwat took the Athlete's Oath.[42] This was followed by a laser show, fireworks and a space cannon show. The highlight of the Opening ceremony was the Umojas[42] - a group of professional tribal dancers from Africa. There were other international showcases - the spiritual chanting by the Chinese monks, and the peace prayers by thousands of schoolchildren. Singer Shankar Mahadevan sang the theme song. Bollywood divas Shilpa Shetty, Simran and Urmila Matondkar did dance performances.

Unlike the Olympic Games, there was no individual march past for the countries. The countries came in batches of two - Asian countries in one batch and African countries in another.[8]

Closing ceremony

The closing ceremony of the Games was marked by lights, colour and technology.

The closing ceremony was hosted by Yukta Mookhey. President APJ Abdul Kalam officially closed the Games, in front of a near capacity crowd.[44] His closing words were : "I congratulate all the athletes and officials who were part of the Games. When I see thousands of sportspersons I am sure the combined power of youth through sport will be the most powerful resource on earth."[45] As he did so, the Stadium was lit up in a pyrotechnics display, and fireworks burst in the sky. A "daredevil" act was done by a few service personnel, who came riding on motorcycles.[44] A fly-past of the Indian Army airplanes, trailing smoke in the colours of the Indian flag took place as the dignitaries took their seats.

The expected "high-point" of the closing ceremony was the show of camaraderie between the sportspersons of the two continents. However, few athletes trooped into the Stadium for that purpose.[44] The "camaraderie ceremony" was followed by speeches of various important people, among them being IOA President Suresh Kalmadi, IOA and OCA Secretary-General Raja Randhir Singh, ANOCA President Alfa Ibrahim Diallo, Andhra Pradesh Chief Minister Chandrababu Naidu and Union Minister for Youth Affairs and Sports Vikram Verma. The speeches were shortly followed by a memento presentation.[44]

As night fell, hundreds of Army recruits brought lighted torches, and did the "mashal dance". Laser lights and several technological innovations followed. Sheroo, the mascot, was bid farewell by noted Indian singer Hariharan and many costumed children. The Umojas performed yet again at the closing ceremony. The Chinese State circus was considered "breath-taking". Lebanese singer Diana Haddad, Egyptian singer Hisham Abbas and Indian singer Remo Fernandes performed at the closing ceremony as well.[44]

The host country was portrayed by a number of traditional folk dances, after which the Games officially ended.

Highlights

Medal table

The official medal tally of the Afro-Asian Games is given below.[5] China bagged the largest number of gold medals, followed by the host India in second place. Athletes from India won the most number of total medals, with 80.

  Host nation

Rank Nation Gold Silver Bronze Total
1  China 25 11 5 41
2  India 19 32 29 80
3  Japan 15 6 2 23
4  Nigeria 10 12 13 35
5  South Africa 10 11 15 36
6  South Korea 7 6 11 24
7  Algeria 7 6 9 22
8  Uzbekistan 7 2 3 12
- Rest of Africa 6 4 0 10
9  Kazakhstan 5 8 6 19
10  Ethiopia 5 5 3 13
Total 131 131 149 411

Legacy

The success of the Games was a point in favor of India being able to host a major international sporting event. Subsequently, this success was used in the bidding of the 2010 Commonwealth Games, which was ultimately awarded to Delhi.[35][51]

In addition, the hospitality sector received a major boost due to the games, as hotels and guest houses received large booking orders from people who were coming to see the Games - media-persons, delegates, officials, visitors, sports-persons, etc. Tourism also benefited from the Games, and the State Tourism Department showed many foreign journalists key tourism spots in the city.[52] Many famous places such as the Charminar and the Chowmahalla Palace saw record number of visitors.

Also, famous local markets witnessed exceptional growth in sales and business, as demand peaked during the Games. Business of the world-renowned pearls of Hyderabad increased by about 50%, generating revenue of ₹ 50 million in one week. The rise in buyers was mainly driven by African visitors, who prefer pearls as jewellery.[53] Also, sale of gold jewellery increased substantially, being driven by a large number of Muslim visitors who looked for traditional and intricate designs.[53] In addition, bangles became the center of attraction for Chinese and African athletes.[53]

References

  1. ↑ "The Tribune, Chandigarh, India - Sports Tribune". tribuneindia.com.
  2. ↑ "Host city of 1st Afro-Asian Games". gbrathletics. Archived from the original on 21 March 2009. Retrieved 2009-04-11.
  3. 1 2 3 "Reason for choosing Hyderabad over other cities". The Times Of India. 2003-09-01. Retrieved 2010-03-01.
  4. ↑ "2002 National Games to be held in Hyderabad, India". GoodNewsIndia. 2002-12-21. Retrieved 2009-06-27.
  5. 1 2 "Medal tally of the 2003 AAG". Rediff. Retrieved 2009-05-06.
  6. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 Amardeep Bhattal (2003-10-18). "First Afro-Asian Games 2003; Impressive logo, mascot; After false starts, the show is on". The Tribune, India. Retrieved 2016-01-20.
  7. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 A. Joseph Antony (2003-11-27). "Original date and place for Ist AAG; Cost of hosting AAG; A view of the procedure of hosting the AAG; Pressure upon AAG Secretariat". The Hindu. Retrieved 2009-05-02.
  8. 1 2 Biswajyoti Brahma (2003-10-25). "Finally, "jinxed" Games get underway; No individual march past for nations; arrival in 2 batches". The Indian Express. Retrieved 2009-05-30.
  9. ↑ "New dates for AAG". The Hindu. 2002-05-09. Retrieved 2009-05-25.
  10. ↑ "Sub-organizing committees for the AAG??!!". The Hindu. 2003-09-25. Retrieved 2009-05-25.
  11. ↑ "OIC of 2003 AAG". The Financial Express. 2003-10-10. Retrieved 2010-03-01.
  12. ↑ Kumar Shyam (2003-10-12). "AAG is ideal to test all waters". The Indian Express. Retrieved 2010-03-18.
  13. 1 2 "GEMS to be developed by CMC". The Hindu - Business Line. 2003-10-26. Retrieved 2009-11-17.
  14. ↑ "Implementation of GIS and geo maps for the AAG". The Financial Express. 2003-09-08. Retrieved 2009-11-17.
  15. 1 2 Suresh Krishnamoorthy (2003-09-26). "Hyderabad Transport Ministry goes into overdrive; launches luxury transportation for 2003 AAG". The Hindu. Retrieved 2009-07-14.
  16. ↑ "Absence of a Games Village". MidDay. 2003-10-26. Archived from the original on 2011-07-14. Retrieved 2009-12-16.
  17. 1 2 "Upgradation of existing Games Village impossible". The Hindu. 2003-10-02. Retrieved 2009-12-13.
  18. 1 2 3 "Strict security arrangements made for the Games". Rediff.com. 2003-10-18. Retrieved 2009-10-19.
  19. ↑ S. Thyagarajan (2001-09-16). "Possibility of withdrawal at AAG; strife between nations creates fear". The Hindu. Retrieved 2009-05-30.
  20. ↑ Press Trust Of India (PTI) (2003-09-03). "Official logo and website of 2003 AAG unveiled". Access My Library. Retrieved 2009-07-09.
  21. ↑ "Name of mascot of Afro-Asian Games and 2010 Commonwealth Games are silmilar?". Top End Sports. Archived from the original on 16 October 2009. Retrieved 2009-10-11.
  22. ↑ "Corporate Sponsorships for 2003 AAG". The Hindu. 2003-10-24. Retrieved 2010-02-28.
  23. ↑ "delegation of China in 2003 AAG". Embassy of the People's republic of China in India. 2003-10-24. Retrieved 2010-03-01.
  24. ↑ "Capacity of Lal Bahadur Shastri Stadium". Maps Of India. Archived from the original on 4 November 2009. Retrieved 2009-11-14.
  25. ↑ "Capacity of Central University Shooting Range". AsiaRooms.com. Retrieved 2009-11-14.
  26. ↑ "Athletics Calendar". Rediff. 2003-10-30. Retrieved 2009-05-25.
  27. ↑ "Boxing calendar". Rediff. 2003-10-31. Retrieved 2009-05-25.
  28. ↑ "Football calendar". Rediff. 2003-10-31. Retrieved 2009-05-25.
  29. ↑ "Hockey calendar". Rediff. 2003-10-30. Retrieved 2009-05-25.
  30. ↑ "Shooting calendar". Rediff. 2003-10-31. Retrieved 2009-05-25.
  31. ↑ "Swimming calendar". Rediff. 2003-10-30. Retrieved 2009-05-25.
  32. ↑ "Tennis calendar". Rediff. 2003-10-31. Retrieved 2009-05-25.
  33. ↑ "Weightlifting calendar". Rediff. 2003-10-31. Retrieved 2009-05-25.
  34. 1 2 K.P Mohan (2003-06-26). "AAG - galloping costs, a race against time". The Hindu. Archived from the original on February 20, 2009. Retrieved 2010-03-18.
  35. 1 2 "Official broadcaster of the AAG". IndianTelevision.com. 2003-11-05. Retrieved 2009-05-26.
  36. 1 2 3 4 5 "Doordarshan aiming high; want to broadcast Athens Olympics and Delhi Commonwealth Games". The Hindu - Business Line. 2003-11-02. Retrieved 2009-05-26.
  37. ↑ Nithya Subramanian (2003-10-21). "Exceptions during broadcasting - Triangular Tournament clashes with AAG; forces events to be aired elsewhere". The Hindu - Business Line. Retrieved 2009-05-27.
  38. ↑ S.R. Suryanarayan (2003-10-26). "Pomp and Pageantry mark the ceremonies of AAG". The Hindu. Retrieved 2010-03-01.
  39. 1 2 Amardeep Bhattal, M.S. Unnikrishnan (2003-11-02). "Costs of Ceremonies". The Tribune, Chandigarh, India. Retrieved 2009-11-14.
  40. ↑ Nitin Chandrakant Desai. "Event designer for the opening and closing ceremonies of the AAG". Nitin Desai Online.com. Retrieved 2010-04-03.
  41. ↑ "Time of beginning 1st AAG". ReachOutHyderabad.com. October 2003. Retrieved 2009-05-05.
  42. 1 2 3 4 5 6 "People attending the AAG Opening ceremony". Rediff. 2003-10-24. Retrieved 2009-04-11.
  43. ↑ Amardeep Bhattal (2003-10-25). "Who will host the Opener of 2003 AAG??". The Tribune, India. Archived from the original on 2009-10-07. Retrieved 2009-10-03.
  44. 1 2 3 4 5 S. R. Suryanarayan (2003-11-02). "Curtains draw on the Afro-Asian Games". The Hindu. Retrieved 2009-05-31.
  45. ↑ Syed Amin Jafri (2003-11-01). "Grand Finale to Afro-Asian Games". The Mail Archive. Retrieved 2010-02-13.
  46. ↑ "Indians shine in Athletics". Rediff. 2003-11-01. Retrieved 2009-10-19.
  47. ↑ "End of an illustruous career". IAAF. Retrieved 2009-07-23.
  48. ↑ "Sania Mirza - Rising Indian Tennis Star". all-about-tennis.com. Archived from the original on 7 January 2012. Retrieved 4 September 2015.
  49. ↑ "Heaviest weight lifted on Indian Soil". The Hindu. 2003. Retrieved 2009-10-19.
  50. ↑ "New World Record in Weightlifting by China". Embassy of People's Republic of China in India. 2003-10-31. Retrieved 2009-04-12.
  51. ↑ "Effect of 2003 AAG on 2010 CWG bidding". The Commonwealth Games.org. 2009-05-09. Retrieved 2010-03-01.
  52. ↑ "Afro-Asian Games Legacy on hospitality and tourism". The Hindu - Business Line. 2003-10-23. Retrieved 2010-03-01.
  53. 1 2 3 "Business of local industries picks up during 2003 AAG". The Financial Express. 2003-10-31. Retrieved 2010-03-01.

External links

Preceded by
-		 Afro-Asian Games
Host City
I Afro-Asian Games (2003) 		Succeeded by
Algiers
Continental
Defunct
1 Inter-continental event involving Asia and Africa.
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