United States House of Representatives elections in New York, 1808

April 26-28, 1808

All 17 New York seats to the United States House of Representatives

	Majority party	Minority party

Party	Democratic-Republican	Federalist
Last election	15^[1]	2
Seats won	9	8
Seat change	6	6
Popular vote	54,970	53,283
Percentage	50.8%	49.2%

The 1808 United States House of Representatives elections in New York were held from April 26 to 28, 1808, to elect 17 U.S. Representatives to represent the State of New York in the United States House of Representatives of the 11th United States Congress. At the same time, a vacancy was filled in the 10th United States Congress.

Background

17 U.S. Representatives had been elected in April 1806 to a term in the 10th United States Congress beginning on March 4, 1807. David Thomas had been elected New York State Treasurer in February 1808, and had resigned his seat, leaving a vacancy in the former 12th District. The other 16 representatives' term would end on March 3, 1809. The congressional elections were held together with the State elections in late April 1808, about ten months before the term would start on March 4, 1809, and a little more than a year before Congress actually met on May 22, 1809.

Congressional districts

After the U.S. census of 1800, New York's representation in the House was increased to 17 seats. On March 30, 1802, the New York State Legislature had re-apportioned the congressional districts, dividing New York County seemingly at random into two districts. After the election of one Democratic-Republican and one Federalist in 1802, the Dem.-Rep. majority in the State Legislature gerrymandered the two districts together in an Act passed on March 20, 1804, so that two congressmen would be elected on a general ticket by the voters of both districts, assuring the election of two Democratic-Republicans. On April 8, 1808, the State Legislature re-apportioned the districts again, separating the 2nd and the 3rd District, and creating two districts with two seats each to be filled on a general ticket: the 2nd and the 6th.

David Thomas had been elected in the old 12th District which had comprised only Washington Co., so the vacancy was filled by a special election held only in this county, while at the same time two representatives were elected on a general ticket in the new 6th District to which Washington Co. had been re-districted together with Columbia Co. and Rensselaer Co.

Due to the double-seat districts, there were then only 15 districts; the 16th and 17th were eliminated.

The 1st District comprising Kings, Queens and Suffolk counties.
The 2nd District (two seats) comprising New York, Richmond and Rockland counties.
The 3rd District comprising Orange and Westchester counties.
The 4th District comprising Dutchess County.
The 5th District comprising Ulster, Greene counties.
The 6th District (two seats) comprising Columbia, Rensselaer and Washington counties.
The 7th District comprising Albany County.
The 8th District comprising Clinton, Saratoga and Essex counties.
The 9th District comprising Montgomery and Schoharie counties.
The 10th District comprising Herkimer, St. Lawrence, Jefferson and Lewis counties.
The 11h District comprising Oneida and Madison counties.
The 12h District comprising Delaware and Otsego counties.
The 13th District comprising Chenango, Onondaga, Broome and Cortland counties.
The 14th District comprising Tioga, Steuben, Cayuga and Seneca counties.
The 15th District comprising Ontario, Genesee and Allegany counties.

Note: There are now 62 counties in the State of New York. The counties which are not mentioned in this list had not yet been established, or sufficiently organized, the area being included in one or more of the above-mentioned counties.

Result

9 Democratic-Republicans and 8 Federalists were elected to the 11th Congress, and one Democratic-Republican to fill the vacancy in the 10th Congress. The incumbents Mumford, Gardenier, Van Rensselaer and Thompson were re-elected; the incumbents Van Alen and Harris were defeated.

1808 United States House election result
District	Democratic-Republican		Federalist		Also ran
1	Ebenezer Sage	1,645	Benjamin B. Blydenburgh	1,627	John W. Seaman (DR)^[2]	975
2	William Denning	6,203	William Henderson^[3]	4,667
2	Gurdon S. Mumford	6,185	Barent Gardenier	4,660
3	Jonathan Fisk	2,422	Richard Hatfield^[4]	2,123
4	Robert Johnston^[5]	556	James Emott	1,606
5	John Dill^[6]	2,059	Barent Gardenier	2,677
6	James I. Van Alen	5,912	Herman Knickerbocker	6,648
6	James L. Hogeboom	5,879	Robert Le Roy Livingston	6,432
7	George Merchant^[7]	1,433	Killian K. Van Rensselaer	2,678
8	John Thompson	2,489	William Bailey^[8]	1,305
9	John Herkimer	2,114	Thomas Sammons	3,644
10	John Nicholson	2,352	Moss Kent	2,019
11	Joshua Hathaway^[9]	2,959	Thomas R. Gold	3,821
12	Erastus Root	2,205	Gabriel North^[10]	1,634	Ebenezer Foote (F)^[11]	619
13	Uri Tracy	3,213	Isaac Foote^[12]	941	Vincent Mathews (F)	494
14	John Harris	1,066	Vincent Mathews	1,877	Matthew Carpenter (DR)^[13]	969	Joseph Glover (DR)	649
15	Peter B. Porter	3,066	Nathaniel W. Howell	2,055
Old 12 Special	Nathan Wilson	2,327	Asa Fitch	1,755

Note: The Anti-Federalists called themselves "Republicans." However, at the same time, the Federalists called them "Democrats" which was meant to be pejorative. After some time both terms got more and more confused, and sometimes used together as "Democratic Republicans" which later historians have adopted (with a hyphen) to describe the party from the beginning, to avoid confusion with both the later established and still existing Democratic and Republican parties.

Aftermath and special election

Nathan Wilson took his seat in the 10th United States Congress on November 7, 1808.

The House of Representatives of the 11th United States Congress met for the first time at the United States Capitol in Washington, D.C., on May 22, 1809, and Emott, Fisk, Gardenier, Gold, Knickerbocker, Livingston, Nicholson, Porter, Sage, Sammons, Thompson, Tracy and Van Rensselaer took their seats on this day. Mathews took his seat on May 23; Mumford on May 24; and Root on June 7.^[14]

William Denning never took his seat, and resigned. A special election to fill the vacancy was held at the annual State election in April 1810, and was won by Samuel L. Mitchill, of the same party. Mitchill, a former U.S. Representative (1801–1804) and U.S. Senator (1804–1809), took his seat on December 4, 1810.

**1810 United States House special election result**
District	Democratic-Republican		Federalist
2	Samuel L. Mitchill		John B. Coles^[15]

Notes

↑ 14 Clintonians and 1 Lewisite
↑ John W. Seaman, of North Hempstead, Queens Co., assemblyman 1806, 1807 and 1808; presidential elector 1808
↑ William Henderson, of New York City, assemblyman 1812-13
↑ Richard Hatfield, of Westchester Co., assemblyman 1794
↑ Robert Johnston, assemblyman 1800 and 1800-01; state senator 1804-07
↑ John Dill, of Ulster Co., presidential elector 1812
↑ George Merchant, Surrogate of Albany Co. 1815
↑ William Bailey, assemblyman 1802 and 1806; First Judge of Clinton Co. 1806-07
↑ Joshua Hathaway, Surrogate of Oneida Co. 1808-13, 1815-19 and 1821-27
↑ Gabriel North, assemblyman 1800-01, 1804, 1806 and 1808
↑ Ebenezer Foote, assemblyman 1792, 1794, 1796 and 1796-97; County Clerk of Delaware Co. 1797-1801; state senator 1799-1802
↑ Isaac Foote, of Herkimer Co., assemblyman 1798; state senator 1802-05
↑ Matthew Carpenter, County Clerk of Tioga Co. 1792-1819; assemblyman 1798-99 and 1823; presidential elector 1808; delegate to State constitutional convention 1821;
↑ Abridgment of the Debates in Congress from 1789 to 1856 (Vol. IV; pages 36, 124, 126 and 315)
↑ John B. Coles, state senator 1800-02

Sources

The New York Civil List compiled in 1858 (see: pg. 66 for district apportionment; pg. 69 for Congressmen)
Members of the Eleventh United States Congress
Election result 1st D. at project "A New Nation Votes", compiled by Phil Lampi, hosted by Tufts University Digital Library
Election result 2nd D. at "A New Nation Votes"
Election result 3rd D. at "A New Nation Votes"
Election result 4th D. at "A New Nation Votes"
Election result 5th D. at "A New Nation Votes"
Election result 6th D. at "A New Nation Votes"
Election result 7th D. at Ourcampaigns.com
Election result 8th D. at "A New Nation Votes"
Election result 9th D. at "A New Nation Votes"
Election result 10th D. at "A New Nation Votes"
Election result 11th D. at "A New Nation Votes"
Election result 12th D. at "A New Nation Votes"
Election result 13th D. at "A New Nation Votes"
Election result 14th D. at "A New Nation Votes"
Election result 15th D. at "A New Nation Votes"
Special election result former 12th D. at "A New Nation Votes"
Special election result 1810 2nd D. at "A New Nation Votes" [lists only returns from Richmond and Rockland counties]

Elections in New York

General	1844 1846 1847 1848 1849 1850 1851 1852 1853 1854 1855 1856 1857 1858 1859 1860 1861 1862 1863 1864 1865 1866 1867 1868 1869 1870 1871 1872 1873 1874 1875 1876 1877 1878 1879 1880 1881 1882 1883 1884 1885 1886 1887 1888 1889 1890 1891 1892 1893 1894 1895 1896 1897 1898 1900 1902 1903 1904 1906 1907 1908 1910 1912 1913 1914 1916 1917 1918 1920 1921 1922 1923 1924 1926 1927 1928 1930 1932 1933 1934 1936 1937 1938 1939 1940 1942 1943 1944 1946 1949 1950 1952 1953 1954 1956 1958 1959 1960 1962 1963 1964 1965 1966 1967 1968 1969 1970 1972 1973 1974 1976 1980 1984 1988 1992 2000 2002 2004 2006 2008 2010 2012 2014

NY State Senate	1984 2002 2004 2006 2008 2010 2012 2014

NY State Assembly	1984 2002 2004 2006 2008 2010 2012 2014

NY Governor	1777 1780 1783 1786 1789 1792 1795 1798 1801 1804 1807 1810 1811 1813 1816 1817 1820 1822 1824 1826 1828 1830 1832 1834 1836 1838 1840 1842 1966 1970 1974 1978 1982 1986 1990 1994 1998 2002 2006 2010 2014 2018

NY Attorney General	1998 2002 2006 2010 2014

NY Comptroller	1998 2002 2006 2010 2014

NY Judicial	1847 S 1870 S 1959 1960 1969

U.S. President	1792 1796 1800 1804 1808 1812 1816 1820 1824 1828 1832 1836 1840 1844 1848 1852 1856 1860 1864 1868 1872 1876 1880 1884 1888 1892 1896 1900 1904 1908 1912 1916 1920 1924 1928 1932 1936 1940 1944 1948 1952 1956 1960 1964 1968 1972 1976 1980 1984 1988 1992 1996 2000 2004 2008 2012 2016

U.S. Senate	Class 1: 1789 1791 1797 1798 S1 1798 S2 1800 S1 1803 1804 S2 1809 1815 1821 1827 1829 S 1833 1839–40 1845 1851 1857 1863 1869 1875 1881 1881 S 1887 1893 1899 1905 1911 1916 1922 1928 1934 1938 S 1940 1946 1952 1958 1964 1970 1976 1982 1988 1994 2000 2006 2010 S 2012 Class 3: 1789 1795 1796 S 1800 S2 1801 1802 S 1804 S1 1807 1813 1819–20 1825–26 1831 1833 S 1837 1843 1845 S 1849 1855 1861 1867 1873 1879 1881 S 1885 1891 1897 1903 1909 1914 1920 1926 1932 1938 1944 1949 S 1950 1956 1962 1968 1974 1980 1986 1992 1998 2004 2010 2016

U.S. House	1789 1790 1793 1794 1796 1798 1800 1802 1804 1806 1808 1810 1812 1814 1816 1818 1821 1822 1824 1826 1828 1830 1832 1834 1836 1838 1840 1842 1844 1846 1848 1850 1852 1854 1856 1858 1860 1862 1864 1866 1868 1870 1872 1874 1876 1878 1880 1882 1884 1886 1888 1890 1892 1894 1896 1898 1900 1902 1904 1906 1908 1910 1912 1914 1916 1918 1920 1922 1924 1926 1928 1930 1932 1934 1936 1938 1940 1942 1944 1946 1948 1950 1952 1954 1956 1958 1960 1962 1964 1966 1968 1970 1972 1974 1976 1978 1980 1982 1984 1986 1988 1990 1992 1994 1996 1998 (6th S) 2000 2002 2004 2006 (13th, 20th, 29th) 2008 (19th, 20th, 25th, 26th, 29th) 2009 (20th S, 23rd S) 2010 (29th) 2011 (9th S, 26th S) 2012 2014 2016 Special

'S,' 'S1,' and 'S2' denote special election See also: Political party strength in New York

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