United States House of Representatives elections, 1918

November 5, 1918^{[Note 1]}

All 435 seats in the United States House of Representatives 218 seats needed for a majority

	Majority party	Minority party

Leader	Frederick Gillett	Champ Clark
Party	Republican	Democratic
Leader's seat	Massachusetts-2nd	Missouri-9th
Last election	216 seats	214 seats
Seats won	240	192
Seat change	25	22

	Third party	Fourth party

Leader	William Carss	Charles H. Randall
Party	Farmer–Labor	Prohibition
Leader's seat	Minnesota-8th	California-9th
Last election	0 seats	1 seat
Seats won	1	1
Seat change	1

Speaker before election

Champ Clark
Democratic

Elected Speaker

Frederick Gillett
Republican

The 1918 United States House of Representatives elections were held November 5, 1918, which occurred in the middle of President Woodrow Wilson's second term.

With the country now in World War I (contrary to previous promises by Wilson), and Wilson's personal popularity ebbing, the Republican Party was able to gain 25 seats and take over control of the House from Wilson's Democratic Party. Internal divide among Democratic leadership over aspects related to payment of the war also decreased the unity of the party, which had been the organization's strength during the decade. The Progressive Party also disappeared, with its former members generally becoming Democrats. Minnesota's Farmer-Labor Party, a descendant of populism, also gained its very first seat.

Frederick H. Gillett (R-Massachusetts) became Speaker, and previous speaker Champ Clark (D-Missouri) became Minority Leader.

Overall results

Party	Total seats	Change	Seat percentage
Republican Party	240	25	55.2%
Democratic Party	192	22	44.2%
Farmer-Labor Party	1	1	0.2%
Prohibition Party	1		0.2%
Totals	435¹		100.0%

¹ One vacancy, Victor L. Berger, a member of the Socialist Party of America, whom the House refused to seat.

Election summaries

↓
240	1	1	1	192
Republican	Pn	FL	S	Democratic

House seats

Republican			55.17%
Democratic			44.14%
Farmer-Labor			0.23%
Prohibition			0.23%
Socialist			0.23%

[[Image:66 us house membership.png|thumb|450px|

House seats by party holding plurality in state
80.1-100% Democratic	80.1-100% Republican
60.1-80% Democratic	60.1-80% Republican
Up to 60% Democratic	Up to 60% Republican

]]

[[Image:66 us house changes.png|thumb|450px|

Net gain in party representation
6+ Democratic gain		6+ Republican gain
3-5 Democratic gain		3-5 Republican gain
1-2 Democratic gain	1-2 Farmer-Labor	1-2 Republican gain
1-2 Socialist
no net change

]]

Complete list of races

Alabama

District	Incumbent	Party	First elected	Result	Candidates
Alabama 1	Oscar Lee Gray	Democratic	1914	Retired Democratic hold	John McDuffie (D) Unopposed
Alabama 2	S. Hubert Dent, Jr.	Democratic	1908	Re-elected	S. Hubert Dent, Jr. (D) Unopposed
Alabama 3	Henry B. Steagall	Democratic	1914	Re-elected	Henry B. Steagall (D) Unopposed
Alabama 4	Fred L. Blackmon	Democratic	1910	Re-elected	Fred L. Blackmon (D) 66.15% J. A. Bingham (R) 33.85%
Alabama 5	J. Thomas Heflin	Democratic	1904	Re-elected	J. Thomas Heflin (D) Unopposed
Alabama 6	William B. Oliver	Democratic	1914	Re-elected	William B. Oliver (D) Unopposed
Alabama 7	John L. Burnett	Democratic	1898	Re-elected	John L. Burnett (D) 56.23% Oliver D. Street (R) 43.78%
Alabama 8	Edward B. Almon	Democratic	1914	Re-elected	Edward B. Almon (D) Unopposed
Alabama 9	George Huddleston	Democratic	1914	Re-elected	George Huddleston (D) 85.78% Joseph O. Thompson (R) 14.22
Alabama 10	William B. Bankhead	Democratic	1916	Re-elected	William B. Bankhead (D) Unopposed

Arizona

District	Incumbent	Party	First elected	Result	Candidates
Arizona At-Large	Carl Hayden	Democratic	1911	Re-elected	Carl Hayden (D) 60.40% Thomas Maddock (R) 37.90% Peter T. Robertson (S) 1.70%

Arkansas

District	Incumbent	Party	First elected	Result	Candidates
Arkansas 1	Thaddeus H. Caraway	Democratic	1912	Re-elected	Thaddeus H. Caraway (D) Unopposed
Arkansas 2	William A. Oldfield	Democratic	1908	Re-elected	William A. Oldfield (D) Unopposed
Arkansas 3	John N. Tillman	Democratic	1914	Re-elected	John N. Tillman (D) Unopposed
Arkansas 4	Otis Wingo	Democratic	1912	Re-elected	Otis Wingo (D) Unopposed
Arkansas 5	Henderson M. Jacoway	Democratic	1910	Re-elected	Henderson M. Jacoway (D) Unopposed
Arkansas 6	Samuel M. Taylor	Democratic	1913	Re-elected	Samuel M. Taylor (D) Unopposed
Arkansas 7	William S. Goodwin	Democratic	1910	Re-elected	William S. Goodwin (D) Unopposed

California

Main article: United States House of Representatives elections in California, 1918

District	Incumbent	Party	First elected	Result	Candidates
California 1	Clarence F. Lea	Democratic	1916	Re-elected	Clarence F. Lea (D) (unopposed)
California 2	John E. Raker	Democratic	1910	Re-elected	John E. Raker (D) (unopposed)
California 3	Charles F. Curry	Republican	1912	Re-elected	Charles F. Curry (R) 91.6% Allen K. Gifford (S) 8.4%
California 4	Julius Kahn	Republican	1898	Re-elected	Julius Kahn (R) 86.6% William Short (S) 13.4%
California 5	John I. Nolan	Republican	1912	Re-elected	John I. Nolan (R) 87% Thomas F. Feeley (S) 13%
California 6	John A. Elston	Progressive	1912	Re-elected as Republican Republican gain	John A. Elston (R^{[Note 2]}) 88.4% Luella Twining (S) 11.6%
California 7	Denver S. Church	Democratic	1912	Retired Republican gain	Henry E. Barbour (R) 52.1% Henry Hawson (D) 47.9%
California 8	Everis A. Hayes	Republican	1904	Lost re-election Democratic gain	Hugh S. Hersman (D) 53% Everis A. Hayes (R) 47%
California 9	Charles H. Randall	Prohibition	1914	Re-elected	Charles H. Randall (Proh.) 53% Montaville Flowers (R) 43.3% Grace Silver Henry (S) 3.7%
California 10	Henry Z. Osborne	Republican	1916	Re-elected	Henry Z. Osborne (R) 88.2% James H. Ryckman (S) 11.8%
California 11	William Kettner	Democratic	1912	Re-elected	William Kettner (D) 72.2% N. D. Hamilton (Proh.) 27.8%

Colorado

District	Incumbent	Party	First elected	Result	Candidates
Colorado 1	Benjamin Clark Hilliard	Democratic	1914	Lost re-election Republican gain	William Newell Vaile (R) 54.19% John L Stack (D) 31.88 Benjamin Clark Hilliard (I) 11.91% Fred Underhill (S) 2.02%
Colorado 2	Charles Bateman Timberlake	Republican	1914	Re-elected	Charles Bateman Timberlake (R) 61.48% R. E. Jones (D) 38.52%
Colorado 3	Edward Keating	Democratic	1912	Lost re-election Republican gain	Guy Urban Hardy (R) 50.95% Edward Keating (D) 46.71% Edith Halcomb (S) 2.33%
Colorado 4	Edward Thomas Taylor	Democratic	1908	Re-elected	Edward Thomas Taylor (D) 65.72% Straud M. Logan (R) 34.28%

Connecticut

District	Incumbent	Party	First elected	Result
Connecticut 1	Augustine Lonergan	Democratic	1916	Re-elected
Connecticut 2	Richard P. Freeman	Republican	1914	Re-elected
Connecticut 3	John Q. Tilson	Republican	1914	Re-elected
Connecticut 4	Schuyler Merritt	Republican	1917	Re-elected
Connecticut 5	James P. Glynn	Republican	1914	Re-elected

Delaware

District	Incumbent	Party	First elected	Result	Candidates
Delaware At-Large	Albert F. Polk	Democratic	1916	Lost re-election Republican gain	Caleb R. Layton (R) 51.40% Albert F. Polk (D) 47.59% William H. Crawford (S) 1.02%

Florida

District	Incumbent	Party	First elected	Result	Candidates
Florida 1	Herbert J. Drane	Democratic	1916	re-elected	Herbert J. Drane (D) (unopposed)
Florida 2	Frank Clark	Democratic	1904	re-elected	Frank Clark (D) (unopposed)
Florida 3	Walter Kehoe	Democratic	1916	Lost renomination Democratic hold	John H. Smithwick (D) (unopposed)
Florida 4	William J. Sears	Democratic	1914	re-elected	William J. Sears (D) (unopposed)

Idaho

This was the first election in which Idaho was divided into districts, formerly it had had a single at-large district with two seats.

District	Incumbent	Party	First elected	Result	Candidates
Idaho 1	Burton L. French Redistricted from the at-large district	Republican	1916	Re-elected	Burton L. French (R) 63.35% L. I. Purcell (D) 36.66%
Idaho 2	Addison T. Smith Redistricted from the at-large district	Republican	1912	Re-elected	Addison T. Smith (R) 63.16% C. R. Jeppesen (D) 36.84%

Notes

↑ Maine held early elections on September 9, 1918.
↑ Changed parties.

Bibliography

Langland, James, ed. (1920). The Chicago Daily News Almanac and Yearbook for 1920. Chicago, IL: The Chicago Daily News.
Dubin, Michael J. (March 1, 1998). United States Congressional Elections, 1788-1997: The Official Results of the Elections of the 1st Through 105th Congresses. McFarland and Company. ISBN 978-0786402830.
Martis, Kenneth C. (January 1, 1989). The Historical Atlas of Political Parties in the United States Congress, 1789-1989. Macmillan Publishing Company. ISBN 978-0029201701.
Moore, John L., ed. (1994). Congressional Quarterly's Guide to U.S. Elections (Third ed.). Congressional Quarterly Inc. ISBN 978-0871879967.
"Party Divisions of the House of Representatives* 1789–Present". Office of the Historian, House of United States House of Representatives. Retrieved January 21, 2015.

External links

Office of the Historian (Office of Art & Archives, Office of the Clerk, U.S. House of Representatives)

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