Trukic–Ponapeic languages
| Trukic–Pohnpeic | |
|---|---|
| Chuukic–Ponapeic | |
| Geographic distribution: | Micronesia |
| Linguistic classification: |
|
| Subdivisions: | |
| Glottolog: | pona1247[1] |
The Trukic–Ponapeic or Chuukic–Pohnpeic languages are a family of Micronesian languages consisting of two dialect continua, Trukic and Ponapeic. They are the westernmost and historically most recent Micronesian languages.[2]
Composition
Unique innovations
Chuukic-Pohnpeic has several unique innovations that separates it as a subgroup from the rest of Nuclear Micronesian. Among the most prominent are historical sound changes from Proto Micronesian.
Historical sound changes
Chuukic-Pohnpeic languages share a number of historical sounds changes from Proto Oceanic and Proto Micronesian. Chuukic languages and Pohnpeic languages separately share later innovations.
| Proto Oceanic | *mp | *mp,ŋp | *p | *m | *m,ŋm | *k | *ŋk | *ŋ | *y | *w | *t | *s,nj | *ns,j | *j | *nt,nd | *d,R | *l | *n | *ɲ | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Proto Micronesian | *p | *pʷ | *f | *m | *mʷ | *k | *x | *ŋ | *y | *w | *t | *T | *s | *S | *Z | *c | *r | *l | *n | *ɲ |
| Proto Chuukic-Pohnpeic | *p | *pʷ | *f | *m | *mʷ | *k | *r,∅ | *ŋ | *y | *w | *t | *j | *t | *t | ∅ | *c | *r | *l | *n | *ɲ |
Reconstructed vocabulary
| Proto Chuukic-Pohnpeic | English Gloss | Modern Language Reflexes |
|---|---|---|
| *awa | mouth | CAR aaw, PON aaw |
| *faa | brave, strong | CHK fa 'be brave, bold', MOK pa 'be talented' |
| *fawo-ni-pei | name of Pohnpei Island | WOL fóólopei, PON Pohnpei |
| *kurupʷu | small young coconut | CHK kurupʷ, PON kurupʷ 'immature coconut' |
| *pirafa | to steal | MRT púraf, PNG pirap |
| *waiya | journey, be foreign | CAR weey 'to travel', PON way 'be foreign, from abroad' |
| *woro- | throat, neck | CHK woro-mi 'to swallow', PON wɛrɛ 'his/her neck' |
References
- ↑ Hammarström, Harald; Forkel, Robert; Haspelmath, Martin; Bank, Sebastian, eds. (2016). "Ponapeic–Trukic". Glottolog 2.7. Jena: Max Planck Institute for the Science of Human History.
- ↑ Lynch, John; Malcolm Ross; Terry Crowley (2002). The Oceanic languages. Richmond, Surrey: Curzon. ISBN 978-0-7007-1128-4. OCLC 48929366. Cite uses deprecated parameter
|coauthors=(help) - ↑ Bender, Byron W. (2003). "Proto-Micronesian Reconstructions: 1". Oceanic Linguistics. 42: 4, 5. doi:10.2307/3623449.
- ↑ Bender, Byron W. (2003). "Proto-Micronesian Reconstructions: 2". Oceanic Linguistics. 42: 271–281. doi:10.1353/ol.2003.0014.
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