Pohnpeic languages
| Pohnpeic | |
|---|---|
| Ponapeic | |
| Geographic distribution: | Micronesia |
| Linguistic classification: |
|
| Glottolog: | pona1248[1] |
Pohnpeic, also rendered Ponapeic, is a subgroup of the Chuukic–Pohnpeic branch of Micronesian in the Austronesian language family.[2] The languages are primarily spoken in Pohnpei State of the Federated States of Micronesia.
Languages
Innovations
Pohnpeic languages are distinct from the closely related Chuukic languages as a result of uniquely developed innovations. One such innovation is nasal substitution, where the first element in a consonant geminate becomes a homorganic nasal consonant.[4] An example of this change is seen where Proto Chuukic-Pohnpeic */kkaŋ/ 'sharp' became Mokilese /iŋkɔŋ/, whereas in Chuukese it is /kken/.[5]
Phonology
| Proto Oceanic | *mp | *mp,ŋp | *p | *m | *m,ŋm | *k | *ŋk | *ŋ | *y | *w | *t | *s,nj | *ns,j | *j | *nt,nd | *d,R | *l | *n | *ɲ | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Proto Micronesian | *p | *pʷ | *f | *m | *mʷ | *k | *x | *ŋ | *y | *w | *t | *T | *s | *S | *Z | *c | *r | *l | *n | *ɲ |
| Proto Pohnpeic | *p | *pʷ | *p, ∅ | *m | *mʷ | *k | *r,∅ | *ŋ | *y | *w | *j,∅ | *j | *t | *t | ∅ | * ̻t | *r | *l | *n | *∅,n |
Reconstructed vocabulary
| Proto Pohnpeic | English Gloss | Modern Language Reflexes |
|---|---|---|
| *cana-k,cana-ko | be hung up, to hang up | PON tɛnɛ-k, MOK sɔnɔ |
| *palia | day after tomorrow | PON pali, MOK pali |
| *payipayi | sea urchin | PON pɛypɛy, MOK pɔypɔy |
| *wara | neck | PON wɛrɛ 'his/her neck', MOK wɔr |
References
- ↑ Hammarström, Harald; Forkel, Robert; Haspelmath, Martin; Bank, Sebastian, eds. (2016). "Ponapeic". Glottolog 2.7. Jena: Max Planck Institute for the Science of Human History.
- ↑ Lynch, John; Malcolm Ross; Terry Crowley (2002). The Oceanic languages. Richmond, Surrey: Curzon. ISBN 978-0-7007-1128-4. OCLC 48929366. Cite uses deprecated parameter
|coauthors=(help) - ↑ "Ngatikese". Retrieved 2015-02-11.
- ↑ Blevins, Juliette; Garrett, Andrew (1993). "The Evolution of Ponapeic Nasal Substitution". Oceanic Linguistics. 32: 199–236. doi:10.2307/3623193. JSTOR 3623193.
- ↑ Blevins, Juliette; Garrett, Andrew (1993). "The Evolution of Ponapeic Nasal Substitution". Oceanic Linguistics. 32: 206. doi:10.2307/3623193. JSTOR 3623193.
- ↑ Bender, Byron W. (2003). "Proto-Micronesian Reconstructions: 1". Oceanic Linguistics. 42: 4, 5. doi:10.2307/3623449.
- ↑ Bender, Byron W. (2003). "Proto-Micronesian Reconstructions: 2". Oceanic Linguistics. 42: 282. doi:10.1353/ol.2003.0014.
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