Timeline of discovery of Solar System planets and their moons

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The timeline of discovery of Solar System planets and their natural satellites charts the progress of the discovery of new bodies over history. Each object is listed in chronological order of its discovery (multiple dates occur when the moments of imaging, observation, and publication differ), identified through its various designations (including temporary and permanent schemes), and the discoverer(s) listed.

Historically the naming of moons did not always match the times of their discovery. Traditionally, the discoverer enjoys the privilege of naming the new object; however, some neglected to do so (E. E. Barnard stated he would "defer any suggestions as to a name" [for Amalthea] "until a later paper"^[1] but never got around to picking one from the numerous suggestions he received) or actively declined (S. B. Nicholson stated "Many have asked what the new satellites" [Lysithea and Carme] "are to be named. They will be known only by the numbers X and XI, written in Roman numerals, and usually prefixed by the letter J to identify them with Jupiter."^[2]). The issue arose nearly as soon as planetary satellites were discovered: Galileo referred to the four main satellites of Jupiter using numbers while the names suggested by his rival Simon Marius gradually gained universal acceptance. The International Astronomical Union (IAU) eventually started cleaning up the naming business in the late 1970s.

Key

In the following tables, planetary satellites are indicated in bold type (e.g. Moon) while planets and dwarf planets, which directly circle the Sun, are in italic type (e.g. Earth). The tables are sorted by publication/announcement date. Dates are annotated with the following symbols:

• i: for date of first imaging (photography, etc.);
• o: for date of first human visual observation, either through telescope or on photographic plate (the true discovery moment);
• p: for date of announcement or publication.

In a few cases, the date is uncertain and is then marked "(?)".

* Note: Moons marked by an asterisk (*) had complicated discoveries. Some took years to be confirmed, and in several cases were actually lost and rediscovered. Others were found in Voyager photographs years after they were taken.

Color legend

The planets and their natural satellites are marked in the following colors:

Designations

• Other designations are synonyms or periphrases sometimes encountered for the object.
• Permanent designations (of planetary satellites) are explained here.
• Temporary designations are explained here.

Prehistory

Prehistory
Name	Image	Other designation	Notes
Sun		Star	In Ptolemy's geocentric model, the Earth was believed to be at the center of the cosmos. Seven planets were placed in orbit around it in an order of increasing distance from the Earth, as established by the Greek Stoics: the Moon, Mercury, Venus, the Sun, Mars, Jupiter and Saturn. This list included two objects, the Sun and the Moon, which are no longer considered to be planets. Anaxagoras first proposed that the Sun is a star around 450 BC, though this was not widely accepted until the 17th century and not proven conclusively until the 19th.[3]
Moon		Earth I	In the Copernican system, the Moon was considered to be no longer a planet but a natural satellite of the Earth, and was originally thought to be the only body in that system whose revolution was not centered on the Sun.
Mercury		1st planet	The inner planets, Mercury and Venus, and the outer planets, Mars, Jupiter and Saturn, were identified by ancient Babylonian astronomers in the 2nd millennium BC.[4] By Aristarchus of Samos, and later in Nicolaus Copernicus' heliocentric system (De Revolutionibus Orbium Coelestium, 1543), the Earth came to be considered a planet revolving with the other planets around the Sun, in the following order of distance from the Sun: Mercury, Venus, Earth, Mars, Jupiter, and Saturn. The Sun, now situated near the center of revolution, was no longer considered a planet.
Venus		2nd planet
Earth		3rd planet
Mars		4th planet
Jupiter		5th planet
Saturn		6th planet

17th century

17th century
Date	Name	Image	Permanent designation	Discoverer(s) and notes
1610s
o: January 7, 1610 p: March 13, 1610	Ganymede		Jupiter III	Galileo[5][6] discovered the Galilean moons. These satellites were the first celestial objects that were confirmed to orbit an object other than the Sun or Earth. Galileo saw Io and Europa as a single point of light on January 7, 1610; they were seen as separate bodies the following night.[7]
	Callisto		Jupiter IV
o: January 8, 1610 p: March 13, 1610	Io		Jupiter I
	Europa		Jupiter II
1650s
o: March 25, 1655 p: March 5, 1656	Titan		Saturn VI Saturn II (1673–1684), Saturn IV (1686–1789)	Huygens[8] first "published" his discovery as an anagram, sent out on 13 June 1655; later published in pamphlet form as De Saturni luna Observatio Nova and in full in Systema Saturnium[9] (July 1659).
1670s
o: October 25, 1671 p: 1673	Iapetus		Saturn VIII Saturn III (1673–1684), Saturn V (1686–1789), Saturn VII (1789–1848)	Cassini[10]
o: December 23, 1672 p: 1673	Rhea		Saturn V Saturn I (1673–1684), Saturn III (1686–1789)
1680s
o: March 21, 1684 p: April 22, 1686	Tethys		Saturn III Saturn I (1686–1789)	Cassini.[11] Together with his previous two discoveries, Cassini named these satellites Sidera Lodoicea. In his work Kosmotheôros[12] (published posthumously in 1698), Christiaan Huygens relates "Jupiter you see has his four, and Saturn his five Moons about him, all plac’d in their Orbits."
	Dione		Saturn IV Saturn II (1686–1789)
Date	Name	Image	Permanent designation	Discoverer(s) and notes

18th century

18th century
Date	Name	Image	Other/Permanent designation	Discoverer(s) and notes
1780s
o: March 13, 1781 p: April 26, 1781	Uranus		7th Planet	Herschel first reported the discovery of Uranus on April 26, 1781, initially believing it to be a comet.[13]
o: January 11, 1787 p: February 15, 1787	Titania		Uranus III	Herschel.[14][15] He later reported four more spurious satellites.[16]
	Oberon		Uranus IV
o: August 28, 1789[17] p: November 12, 1789	Enceladus		Saturn II	Herschel[18]
o: September 17, 1789 p: November 12, 1789	Mimas		Saturn I
Date	Name	Image	Other/Permanent designation	Discoverer(s) and notes

19th century

19th century
Date	Name	Image	Other/Permanent designation	Discoverer(s) and notes
1800s
o: January 1, 1801 p: January 24, 1801	Ceres		8th Planet (1801) Asteroid (1851) Dwarf planet (2006)	Giuseppe Piazzi. He first announced his discovery on January 24, 1801, in letters to fellow astronomers.[19] The first formal publication was the September 1801 issue of the Monatliche Correspondenz.[20]
1840s
o: September 23, 1846 p: November 13, 1846	Neptune		13th Planet (1846) 8th Planet (1851)	Galle and Le Verrier[21][22]
o: October 10, 1846 p: November 13, 1846	Triton		Neptune I	Lassell[23]
o: September 16, 1848 p: October 1848	Hyperion		Saturn VII	Bond, Bond,[24] Lassell[25]
1850s
o: October 24, 1851	Ariel		Uranus I	Lassell[26]
	Umbriel		Uranus II
1870s
o: August 12, 1877	Deimos		Mars II	Hall[27][28][29]
o: August 18, 1877	Phobos		Mars I
1890s
o: September 9, 1892 p: October 4, 1892	Amalthea		Jupiter V	Barnard[1][30]
i: August 16, 1898 o: March 17, 1899	Phoebe		Saturn IX	Pickering[31][32]
Date	Name	Image	Other/Permanent designation	Discoverer(s) and notes

Early 20th century (1901–1950)

Early 20th century
Date	Name	Image	Permanent designation	Discoverer(s) and notes
1900s
i: December 3, 1904 p: January 6, 1905	Himalia (Hestia 1955–1975)		Jupiter VI	Perrine[30][33][34]
i: January 2, 1905 p: February 27, 1905	Elara (Hera 1955–1975)		Jupiter VII	Perrine[30][34][35]
i: January 27, 1908 o: February 28, 1908 p: March 1–6, 1908	Pasiphae (Poseidon 1955–1975)		Jupiter VIII	Melotte[30][36][37]
1910s
i: July 21, 1914 p: September 17, 1914	Sinope (Hades 1955–1975)		Jupiter IX	Nicholson[30][38]
1930s
i: January 23, 1930 o: February 18, 1930 p: March 13, 1930	Pluto		9th Planet (1930) Dwarf planet (2006)	Tombaugh[39]
i: July 6, 1938 p: August 1938	Lysithea (Demeter 1955–1975)		Jupiter X	Nicholson[30][40]
i: July 30, 1938 p: August 1938	Carme (Pan 1955–1975)		Jupiter XI
1940s
i: February 16, 1948 p: June 1949	Miranda		Uranus V	Kuiper[30][41]
i: May 1, 1949 p: August 1949	Nereid		Neptune II	Kuiper[30][42][43]
Date	Name	Image	Permanent designation	Discoverer(s) and notes

Late 20th century (1951–2000)

Late 20th century
Date	Name	Temporary designation	Image	Permanent designation	Discoverer(s) and notes
1950s
i: September 28, 1951 p: December 1951	Ananke (Adrastea 1955–1975)	—		Jupiter XII	Nicholson[44][45]
1960s
i: December 15, 1966 p: January 3, 1967	Janus*	S/1966 S 2		Saturn X	Dollfus[44][46][47][48][49] (Dollfus may have seen either Janus or Epimetheus)
i: December 18, 1966 p: January 6, 1967	Epimetheus*	S/1980 S 3		Saturn XI	Walker[44][50]
1970s
i: September 11, 1974 p: September 20, 1974	Leda	—	—	Jupiter XIII	Kowal[30][51]
i: September 30, 1975 p: October 3, 1975	Themisto*	S/1975 J 1		Jupiter XVIII	Kowal[30][52] (Discovered and then lost)
i: April 13, 1978 o: June 22, 1978	Charon	S/1978 P 1		Pluto I	Christy[53][54]
i: July 8, 1979 p: November 23, 1979	Adrastea	S/1979 J 1		Jupiter XV	Jewitt, Danielson, Voyager 2[47][55][56][57][58][59]
1980s
Date	Name	Temporary designation	Image	Permanent designation	Discoverer(s) and notes
i: February 26, 1980 p: March 6, 1980	Epimetheus*	S/1980 S 3		Saturn XI	[44][49][60][61][62][63] (Confirmed by Voyager 1)
i: March 1, 1980 p: March 6, 1980	Helene	S/1980 S 6		Saturn XII	Laques, Lecacheux[30][60][61][62][63]
i: April 8, 1980 p: April 10, 1980	Telesto	S/1980 S 13		Saturn XIII	Smith, Reitsema, Larson, Fountain, Voyager 1[44][63][64]
i: March 5, 1979 p: April 28, 1980	Thebe	S/1979 J 2		Jupiter XIV	Synnott, Voyager 1[44][56][57]
i: February 19, 1980 p: June 6, 1980	Janus*	S/1980 S 1		Saturn X	[47][49][61][62][63] (Confirmed by Voyager 1)
i: March 13, 1980 p: July 31, 1980	Calypso	S/1980 S 25		Saturn XIV	Pascu, Seidelmann, Baum, Currie[44][62][63]
i:March 4, 1979 p: August 26, 1980	Metis	S/1979 J 3		Jupiter XVI	Synnott, Voyager 1[44][57]
o: October 1980 p: October 31, 1980	Prometheus	S/1980 S 27		Saturn XVI	Collins, Voyager 1[65]
	Pandora	S/1980 S 26		Saturn XVII	Collins, Voyager 1[30][65]
o: October 1980 p: November 13, 1980	Atlas	S/1980 S 28		Saturn XV	Terrile, Voyager 1[44][66]
i: May 24, 1981 p: May 29, 1981	Larissa*	S/1981 N 1 S/1989 N 2		Neptune VII	Reitsema, Hubbard, Lebofsky, Tholen, Voyager 2[30][67][68]
i: December 30, 1985 p: January 9, 1986	Puck	S/1985 U 1		Uranus XV	Synnott, Voyager 2[30][69]
i: January 3, 1986 p: January 16, 1986	Juliet	S/1986 U 2		Uranus XI	Synnott, Voyager 2[30][70][71]
	Portia	S/1986 U 1		Uranus XII
i: January 9, 1986 p: January 16, 1986	Cressida	S/1986 U 3		Uranus IX
i: January 13, 1986 p: January 16, 1986	Desdemona	S/1986 U 6		Uranus X
	Rosalind	S/1986 U 4		Uranus XIII
	Belinda	S/1986 U 5		Uranus XIV
i: January 20, 1986 p: January 27, 1986	Cordelia	S/1986 U 7		Uranus VI	Terrile, Voyager 2[30][72]
	Ophelia	S/1986 U 8		Uranus VII
i: January 23, 1986 p: January 27, 1986	Bianca	S/1986 U 9		Uranus VIII	Smith, Voyager 2[30][72]
i: June 16, 1989 p: July 7, 1989	Proteus	S/1989 N 1		Neptune VIII	Synnott, Voyager 2[30][73]
i: July 28, 1989 p: August 2, 1989	Despina	S/1989 N 3		Neptune V	Synnott, Voyager 2[30][68]
	Galatea	S/1989 N 4		Neptune VI
i: September 18, 1989 p: September 29, 1989	Thalassa	S/1989 N 5		Neptune IV	Terrile, Voyager 2[30][74]
	Naiad	S/1989 N 6		Neptune III
1990s
Date	Name	Temporary designation	Image	Permanent designation	Discoverer(s) and notes
i: August 22, 1981 p: July 16, 1990	Pan*	S/1981 S 13		Saturn XVIII	Showalter, Voyager 2[30][75]
i: August 23, 1981 p: April 14, 1995	Pallene* (see below)	S/1981 S 14		Saturn XXXIII	Gordon, Murray and Beurle[30][76][77]
i: September 6, 1997 p: October 31, 1997	Caliban	S/1997 U 1		Uranus XVI	Gladman, Nicholson, Burns, Kavelaars[30][78]
	Sycorax	S/1997 U 2		Uranus XVII	Gladman, Nicholson, Burns, Kavelaars[78]
i: January 18, 1986 p: May 18, 1999	Perdita*	S/1986 U 10		Uranus XXV	Karkoschka, Voyager 2[30][79]
i: July 18, 1999 p: July 27, 1999	Setebos	S/1999 U 1	—	Uranus XIX	Kavelaars, Gladman, Holman, Petit, Scholl[30][80]
	Stephano	S/1999 U 2	—	Uranus XX	Gladman, Holman, Kavelaars, Petit, Scholl[30][80]
i: July 18, 1999 p: September 4, 1999	Prospero	S/1999 U 3		Uranus XVIII	Holman, Kavelaars, Gladman, Petit, Scholl[30][81]
2000s
Date	Name	Temporary designation	Image	Permanent designation	Discoverer(s) and notes
i: October 6, 1999 p: July 20, 2000	Callirrhoe	S/1999 J 1		Jupiter XVII	Scotti, Spahr, McMillan, Larsen, Montani, Gleason, Gehrels[30][82][83]
i: August 7, 2000 p: October 25, 2000	Ymir	S/2000 S 1	—	Saturn XIX	Gladman[30][84][85]
	Paaliaq	S/2000 S 2	—	Saturn XX
i: September 23, 2000 p: October 25, 2000	Siarnaq	S/2000 S 3	—	Saturn XXIX	Gladman, Kavelaars[30][86][87]
	Tarvos	S/2000 S 4		Saturn XXI	Kavelaars, Gladman[30][86][87]
i: August 7, 2000 p: November 18, 2000	Kiviuq	S/2000 S 5		Saturn XXIV	Gladman[30][87][88]
i: September 23, 2000 p: November 18, 2000	Ijiraq	S/2000 S 6		Saturn XXII	Kavelaars, Gladman[30][87][88]
i: November 21, 2000 p: November 25, 2000	Themisto*	S/2000 J 1		Jupiter XVIII	Sheppard, Jewitt, Fernández, Magnier (Rediscovered)[30][89][90]
i: September 23, 2000 p: December 7, 2000	Thrymr	S/2000 S 7		Saturn XXX	Gladman, Kavelaars[30][85][91]
	Skathi	S/2000 S 8	—	Saturn XXVII	Kavelaars, Gladman[30][85][91]
	Mundilfari	S/2000 S 9		Saturn XXV	Gladman, Kavelaars[30][85][91]
	Erriapus	S/2000 S 10	—	Saturn XXVIII	Kavelaars, Gladman[30][87][92]
i: November 9, 2000 p: December 19, 2000	Albiorix	S/2000 S 11	—	Saturn XXVI	Holman, Spahr[30][93][94]
i: September 23, 2000 p: December 22, 2000	Suttungr	S/2000 S 12	—	Saturn XXIII	Gladman, Kavelaars[30][95][96]
Date	Name	Temporary designation	Image	Permanent designation	Discoverer(s) and notes

21st century

2000s

2000s
Date	Name	Temporary designation	Image	Permanent designation	Discoverer(s) and notes
i: November 23, 2000 p: January 5, 2001	Kalyke	S/2000 J 2	—	Jupiter XXIII	Sheppard, Jewitt, Fernández, Magnier, Dahm, Evans[30][97][98][99]
	Iocaste	S/2000 J 3	—	Jupiter XXIV
	Erinome	S/2000 J 4	—	Jupiter XXV
	Harpalyke	S/2000 J 5	—	Jupiter XXII
	Isonoe	S/2000 J 6	—	Jupiter XXVI
	Praxidike	S/2000 J 7	—	Jupiter XXVII
i: November 25, 2000 p: January 5, 2001	Megaclite	S/2000 J 8	—	Jupiter XIX	Sheppard, Jewitt, Fernández, Magnier, Dahm, Evans[30][97][99]
	Taygete	S/2000 J 9	—	Jupiter XX
i: November 26, 2000 p: January 5, 2001	Chaldene	S/2000 J 10	—	Jupiter XXI
i: December 5, 2000 p: January 5, 2001	Dia	S/2000 J 11	—	Jupiter LIII
Date	Name	Temporary designation	Image	Permanent designation	Discoverer(s) and notes
i: December 9, 2001 p: May 16, 2002	Hermippe	S/2001 J 3		Jupiter XXX	Sheppard, Jewitt, Kleyna[30][100][101]
	Eurydome	S/2001 J 4	—	Jupiter XXXII
	Sponde	S/2001 J 5	—	Jupiter XXXVI
	Kale	S/2001 J 8	—	Jupiter XXXVII
i: December 10, 2001 p: May 16, 2002	Autonoe	S/2001 J 1	—	Jupiter XXVIII
i: December 11, 2001 p: May 16, 2002	Thyone	S/2001 J 2	—	Jupiter XXIX
	Pasithee	S/2001 J 6	—	Jupiter XXXVIII
	Euanthe	S/2001 J 7	—	Jupiter XXXIII
	Orthosie	S/2001 J 9	—	Jupiter XXXV
	Euporie	S/2001 J 10	—	Jupiter XXXIV
	Aitne	S/2001 J 11	—	Jupiter XXXI
i: August 13, 2001 p: September 30, 2002	Trinculo	S/2001 U 1	—	Uranus XXI	Holman, Kavelaars, Milisavljevic[30][102][103]
i: October 31, 2002 p: December 18, 2002	Arche	S/2002 J 1	—	Jupiter XLIII	Sheppard, Meech, Hsieh, Tholen, Tonry[30][104][105]
Date	Name	Temporary designation	Image	Permanent designation	Discoverer(s) and notes
i: July 23, 2002 p: January 13, 2003	Sao	S/2002 N 2	—	Neptune XI	Holman, Kavelaars, Grav, Fraser, Milisavljevic[30][106][107]
i: August 10, 2002 p: January 13, 2003	Halimede	S/2002 N 1	—	Neptune IX
i: August 11, 2002 p: January 13, 2003	Laomedeia	S/2002 N 3	—	Neptune XII
i: February 5, 2003 p: March 4, 2003	Eukelade	S/2003 J 1	—	Jupiter XLVII	Sheppard, Jewitt, Kleyna, Fernández, Hsieh[30][108][109]
	(unnamed moons of Jupiter)	S/2003 J 2	—	—
		S/2003 J 3	—
		S/2003 J 4	—
i: February 6, 2003 p: March 4, 2003	(unnamed moon of Jupiter)	S/2003 J 5	—	—
	Helike	S/2003 J 6	—	Jupiter XLV
i: February 8, 2003 p: March 4, 2003	Aoede	S/2003 J 7	—	Jupiter XLI
i: February 8, 2003 p: March 6, 2003	Hegemone	S/2003 J 8	—	Jupiter XXXIX	Sheppard, Jewitt, Kleyna, Fernández[30][110][111]
i: February 6, 2003 p: March 7, 2003	(unnamed moons of Jupiter)	S/2003 J 9	—	—	Sheppard, Jewitt, Kleyna, Fernández[30][112][113]
		S/2003 J 10	—
	Kallichore	S/2003 J 11	—	Jupiter XLIV
i: February 8, 2003 p: March 7, 2003	(unnamed moon of Jupiter)	S/2003 J 12	—	—
i: February 9, 2003 p: April 2, 2003	Cyllene	S/2003 J 13	—	Jupiter XLVIII	Sheppard, Jewitt, Kleyna[30][114][115]
i: February 8, 2003 p: April 3, 2003	Kore	S/2003 J 14	—	Jupiter XLIX	Sheppard, Jewitt, Kleyna[30][114][116]
i: February 6, 2003 p: April 3, 2003	(unnamed moons of Jupiter)	S/2003 J 15	—	—	Sheppard, Jewitt, Kleyna, Fernández[114][117]
		S/2003 J 16	—		Gladman, Sheppard, Jewitt, Kleyna, Kavelaars, Petit, Allen[114][118]
i: February 8, 2003 p: April 3, 2003	Herse	S/2003 J 17	—	Jupiter L	Gladman, Sheppard, Jewitt, Kleyna, Kavelaars, Petit, Allen[30][114][119]
i: February 6, 2003 p: April 4, 2003	(unnamed moon of Jupiter)	S/2003 J 18	—	—	Gladman, Kavelaars, Petit, Allen, Sheppard, Jewitt, Kleyna[30][114][120]
i: February 5, 2003 p: April 8, 2003	Narvi	S/2003 S 1	—	Saturn XXXI	Sheppard, Jewitt, Kleyna[30][114][121]
i: February 6, 2003 p: April 12, 2003	(unnamed moon of Jupiter)	S/2003 J 19	—	—	Gladman, Sheppard, Jewitt, Kleyna, Kavelaars, Petit, Allen[122][123]
i: February 9, 2003 p: April 14, 2003	Carpo	S/2003 J 20	—	Jupiter XLVI	Sheppard, Gladman, Kavelaars, Petit, Allen, Jewitt, Kleyna[30][122][124]
i: February 6, 2003 p: May 29, 2003	Mneme	S/2003 J 21	—	Jupiter XL	Sheppard, Jewitt, Kleyna, Gladman, Kavelaars, Petit, Allen[30][125][126]
i: January 18, 1986 p: September 3, 2003	Perdita*	S/1986 U 10	—	Uranus XXV	Karkoschka (Recovered by the Hubble Space Telescope)[30][79][127]
i: August 29, 2003 p: September 3, 2003	Psamathe	S/2003 N 1	—	Neptune X	Jewitt, Kleyna, Sheppard, Holman, Kavelaars[30][128][129]
i: August 25, 2003 p: September 25, 2003	Mab	S/2003 U 1	—	Uranus XXVI	Showalter, Lissauer[130]
	Cupid	S/2003 U 2	—	Uranus XXVII
i: August 13, 2001 p: September 30, 2003	Ferdinand*	S/2001 U 2	—	Uranus XXIV	2001: Holman, Kavelaars, Milisavljevic; 2003: Sheppard, Jewitt[30][131][132]
i: August 14, 2002 p: September 30, 2003	Neso*	S/2002 N 4	—	Neptune XIII	Holman, Kavelaars, Grav, Fraser, Milisavljevic[30][131][133]
i: August 13, 2001 p: October 8, 2003	Francisco*	S/2001 U 3		Uranus XXII	Holman, Kavelaars, Milisavljevic, Gladman[30][134]
i: August 29, 2003 p: October 9, 2003	Margaret	S/2003 U 3	—	Uranus XXIII	Sheppard, Jewitt[30][135][136]
Date	Name	Temporary designation	Image	Permanent designation	Discoverer(s) and notes
i: February 9, 2003 p: January 24, 2004	Thelxinoe*	S/2003 J 22	—	Jupiter XLII	Sheppard, Jewitt, Kleyna, Gladman, Kavelaars, Petit, Allen[30][137][138] (From images taken in 2003)
i: February 6, 2003 p: January 31, 2004	(unnamed moon of Jupiter)	S/2003 J 23*		—	Sheppard, Jewitt, Kleyna, Fernández[139][140]
i: June 1, 2004 p: August 16, 2004	Methone*	S/2004 S 1		Saturn XXXII	Cassini–Huygens[30][141][142]
	Pallene	S/2004 S 2 =S/1981 S 14		Saturn XXXIII
i: October 21, 2004 o: October 24, 2004 p: November 8, 2004	Polydeuces	S/2004 S 5		Saturn XXXIV	Cassini–Huygens[30][143]
i: May 6, 2004 o: December 28, 2004 p: July 29, 2005	Haumea	(136108) 2003 EL61	—	Dwarf planet	(Ortiz, Aceituno Castro, Santos-Sanz)[30][144] or (Brown, Trujillo, Rabinowitz)[145][146] (see the Controversy over the discovery of Haumea)
Date	Name	Temporary designation	Image	Permanent designation	Discoverer(s) and notes
i: December 12, 2004 p: May 3, 2005	(unnamed moon of Saturn)	S/2004 S 7	—	—	Sheppard, Jewitt, Kleyna, Marsden[30][147]
	Fornjot	S/2004 S 8		Saturn XLII
	Farbauti	S/2004 S 9	—	Saturn XL
	Aegir	S/2004 S 10	—	Saturn XXXVI
	Bebhionn	S/2004 S 11		Saturn XXXVII
	(unnamed moons of Saturn)	S/2004 S 12	—	—
		S/2004 S 13
	Hati	S/2004 S 14	—	Saturn XLIII
	Bergelmir	S/2004 S 15		Saturn XXXVIII
i: December 13, 2004 p: May 3, 2005	Fenrir	S/2004 S 16	—	Saturn XLI
	(unnamed moon of Saturn)	S/2004 S 17	—	—
	Bestla	S/2004 S 18	—	Saturn XXXIX
i: May 1, 2005 p: May 6, 2005	Daphnis	S/2005 S 1		Saturn XXXV	Cassini–Huygens[148]
i: October 21, 2003 o: January 5, 2005 p: July 29, 2005	Eris	(136199) 2003 UB313		Dwarf planet	Brown, Trujillo, Rabinowitz[30][145][149]
o: January 26, 2005 p: July 29, 2005	Hiʻiaka	S/2005 (136108) 1	—	Haumea I	Brown, Trujillo, Rabinowitz[30][150]
i: March 31, 2005 p: July 29, 2005	Makemake	(136472) 2005 FY9	—	Dwarf planet	Brown, Trujillo, Rabinowitz[145][151]
o: June 30, 2005 p: July 29, 2005	Namaka	S/2005 (136108) 2	—	Haumea II	Brown, Trujillo, Rabinowitz[152]
i: September 10, 2005 p: October 3, 2005	Dysnomia	S/2005 (136199) 1		Eris I	Brown, van Dam, Bouchez, Le Mignant, Campbell, Chin, Conrad, Hartman, Johansson, Lafon, Rabinowitz, Stomski, Summers, Trujillo, Wizinowich[153]
i: May 15, 2005 o: June 15, 2005 p: October 31, 2005	Nix	S/2005 P 2		Pluto II	Weaver, Stern, Mutchler, Steffl, Buie, Merline, Spencer, Young, Young[154]
	Hydra	S/2005 P 1		Pluto III
Date	Name	Temporary designation	Image	Permanent designation	Discoverer(s) and notes
i: December 12, 2004 o: March 6, 2006 (?) p: June 26, 2006	Hyrrokkin	S/2004 S 19	—	Saturn XLIV	Sheppard, Jewitt, Kleyna[30][155][156]
i: January 4, 2006 o: March 6, 2006 (?) p: June 26, 2006	(unnamed moon of Saturn)	S/2006 S 1	—	—	Sheppard, Jewitt, Kleyna[30][156][157]
	Kari	S/2006 S 2		Saturn XLV
i: January 5, 2006 o: March 6, 2006 (?) p: June 26, 2006	(unnamed moon of Saturn)	S/2006 S 3	—	—
	Greip	S/2006 S 4	—	Saturn LI
	Loge	S/2006 S 5	—	Saturn XLVI
	Jarnsaxa	S/2006 S 6	—	Saturn L
	Surtur	S/2006 S 7	—	Saturn XLVIII
	Skoll	S/2006 S 8	—	Saturn XLVII
i: January 5, 2006 o: January 16, 2007 (?) p: April 13, 2007	Tarqeq	S/2007 S 1	—	Saturn LII	Sheppard, Jewitt, Kleyna[30][158][159]
i: January 18, 2007 o: ? p: May 1, 2007	(unnamed moons of Saturn)	S/2007 S 2	—	—	Sheppard, Jewitt, Kleyna[159][160]
		S/2007 S 3	—	—
i: June 2004 o: May 30, 2007 p: July 18, 2007	Anthe	S/2007 S 4		Saturn XLIX	Cassini–Huygens[30][161]
i: August 15, 2008 p: March 3, 2009	Aegaeon	S/2008 S 1		Saturn LIII	Cassini–Huygens[30][162]
i: July 26, 2009 o: ? p: November 2, 2009	(unnamed moon of Saturn)	S/2009 S 1		—	Cassini–Huygens[163]
Date	Name	Temporary designation	Image	Permanent designation	Discoverer(s) and notes

2010s

2010s
Date	Name	Temporary designation	Image	Permanent designation	Discoverer(s) and notes
i: September 7, 2010 p: June 1, 2011	(unnamed moons of Jupiter)	S/2010 J 1	—	Jupiter LI	Jacobson, Brozović, Gladman and Alexandersen[164]
S/2010 J 2		—	Jupiter LII	Veillet[164]
i: June 28, 2011 p: July 20, 2011	Kerberos	S/2011 (134340) 1		Pluto IV	Showalter[165][166]
i: September 27, 2011 p: January 29, 2012	(unnamed moons of Jupiter)	S/2011 J 1	—	—	Sheppard[167]
S/2011 J 2		—	—
i: June 26, 2012 p: July 11, 2012	Styx	S/2012 (134340) 1		Pluto V	Showalter[168]
i: 2004 o: July 1, 2013 p: July 15, 2013	(unnamed moon of Neptune)	S/2004 N 1*		—	Showalter et al.[169]
i: April 2015 p: April 26, 2016	(unnamed moon of Makemake)	S/2015 (136472) 1	—	—	Parker et al.[170][171]
Date	Name	Temporary designation	Image	Permanent designation	Discoverer(s) and notes

See also

• Timeline of Solar System astronomy
• Timeline of Solar System exploration
• Solar System

References

External links

• City of Hudson's Natural Satellite Page
• Scott Sheppard's Giant Planet Satellite Page
• JPL Natural Satellite Discovery Data
• James L. Hilton, When did the asteroids become minor planets?

Natural satellites of the Solar System
Planetary satellites	Terrestrial Martian Jovian Saturnian Uranian Neptunian
Other satellites	Asteroid moons Plutonian Haumean Eridian Makemakean
Largest satellites (mean radius ≥ 100 km)	size Ganymede largest / 2634 km / 0.413 Earths Titan Callisto Io Moon Europa Triton Titania Rhea Oberon Iapetus Charon Umbriel Ariel Dione Tethys [Dysnomia] Enceladus Miranda Proteus Mimas [Hi'iaka] Nereid Hyperion Phoebe smallest / 106 km / 0.017 Earths abc's Ariel Callisto Charon Dione [Dysnomia] Enceladus Europa Ganymede [Hi'iaka] Hyperion Iapetus Io Mimas Miranda Moon Nereid Oberon Phoebe Proteus Rhea Tethys Titan Titania Triton Umbriel
Discovery timeline Inner moons Irregular moons List Naming Regular moons Trojan moons NOTE: Italicized moons are not close to being in hydrostatic equilibrium; [bracketed] moons may or may not be close to being in hydrostatic equilibrium.

The Solar System
The Sun Mercury Venus Earth Mars Ceres Jupiter Saturn Uranus Neptune Pluto Haumea Makemake Eris
Planets Terrestrial planets Mercury Venus Earth Mars Giant planets Jupiter Saturn Uranus Neptune Dwarf planets Ceres Pluto Haumea Makemake Eris Rings Jovian Saturnian (Rhean) Charikloan Chironean Uranian Neptunian Moons 1 Terrestrial (Moon) Other near-Earth objects 2 Martian Phobos Deimos 67 Jovian Ganymede Callisto Io Europa all 62 Saturnian Titan Rhea Iapetus Dione Tethys Enceladus Mimas Hyperion Phoebe all 27 Uranian Titania Oberon Umbriel Ariel Miranda all 14 Neptunian Triton Proteus Nereid all 5 Plutonian Charon Nix Hydra Kerberos Styx 2 Haumean Hiʻiaka Namaka 1 Makemakean (S/2015 (136472) 1) 1 Eridian (Dysnomia) Lists Solar System objects By size By discovery date Minor planets Gravitationally rounded objects Possible dwarf planets Natural satellites Comets Small Solar System bodies Meteoroids Minor planets moons Comets Damocloids Mercury-crossers Venus-crossers Venus trojans Near-Earth objects Earth-crossers Earth trojans Mars-crossers Mars trojans Asteroid belt Asteroids first discovered: Ceres Pallas Juno Vesta Families Notable asteroids Kirkwood gap Main-belt comets Jupiter trojans Jupiter-crossers Centaurs Saturn-crossers Uranus trojans Uranus-crossers Neptune trojans Cis-Neptunian objects Trans-Neptunian objects Neptune-crossers Plutoids Kuiper belt Plutinos Cubewanos Scattered disc Detached objects Sednoids Hills cloud Oort cloud Hypothetical objects Vulcan Vulcanoids Phaeton Planet V Theia Fifth giant Planets beyond Neptune Tyche Nemesis Planet Nine Exploration (outline) Discovery Astronomy Timeline Spaceflight Robotic spacecraft Human spaceflight Colonization List of probes Timeline Mercury Venus Moon Mars Ceres Asteroids Mining Comets Jupiter Saturn Uranus Neptune Pluto Deep space
Outline of the Solar System Portals Solar System Astronomy Earth sciences Mars Jupiter Uranus Cosmology Solar System → Local Interstellar Cloud → Local Bubble → Gould Belt → Orion Arm → Milky Way → Milky Way subgroup → Local Group → Virgo Supercluster → Laniakea Supercluster → Observable universe → Universe Each arrow (→) may be read as "within" or "part of".