Templestowe, Victoria

Templestowe Melbourne, Victoria
Templestowe
Coordinates	37°45′11″S 145°08′06″E / 37.753°S 145.135°E / -37.753; 145.135Coordinates: 37°45′11″S 145°08′06″E / 37.753°S 145.135°E / -37.753; 145.135
Population	16,484 (2011 census)[1]
• Density	1,121/km2 (2,904/sq mi)
Postcode(s)	3106
Area	14.7 km2 (5.7 sq mi)
Location	16 km (10 mi) from Melbourne
LGA(s)	City of Manningham
State electorate(s)	Bulleen Warrandyte
Federal Division(s)	Menzies
Suburbs around Templestowe: Lower Plenty Eltham Warrandyte Templestowe Lower Templestowe Doncaster East Doncaster Doncaster East Donvale

Templestowe is a suburb of Melbourne, Victoria, Australia, 16 km north-east of Melbourne's Central Business District.^[2] Its local government area is the City of Manningham. At the 2011 census, Templestowe had a population of 16,484.

The suburb has a number of natural attractions, including ample parklands, contrasted with large, modern shopping malls.

Geography

Typical view of Templestowe at dusk

Templestowe is located in the north-eastern area of Melbourne. Templestowe is bordered by the Yarra River, King Street, Victoria Street, Blackburn Road and some parks.

Gentle, rolling hills extend from east of the Yarra River flood plains, along Templestowe Road (towards the Eastern Freeway) for seven km (4.3 miles), to the north-east. The altitude of the plain above sea level is 50 m, and the topography is subdued and mostly flat; the hills are just below 60 m, the slopes rounded and there are several forested gullies.

Scoured banks of a creek in Templestowe

Degradation of the soils in the steep slopes at the river's edge has been exacerbated over the last century by unsustainable agricultural processes (such as the harvesting of storm-felled trees), deforestation and the introduction of rabbits. Following the 2006 drought, the community newspaper had reported several times that the population was only brought under control in 2007, 12 years after baiting programs were begun^[3] and that more conservation funding is needed to halt the loss of vegetation along the river.^[4] Most of the surrounding area has been cleared for agricultural and orchard use, although an "urban forest" exists in the densely populated rural-residential areas.^[5] There is a wide diversity of growth within the flood plain.

Climate

Most of the area corresponds to the climate recorded in Melbourne, though some variation has been recorded in the hills to the north-east.

Geology

A report from The Argus in 1923 gives rare insight to interest in the area. It had been recently accepted that "when the coastal plain is overweighted the back country rises" due to inexorable forces moulding the surface of the Earth and the so-called "Templestowe anticline" was studied as representative of microscopic faulting, which accommodated this elevation of the eastern suburbs. It was observed that the new reserve grounds established along it would become a "Mecca" for geologists:^[6]

Templestowe is also home to one of the largest gum trees in the Southern hemisphere. The massive "Big Champ" has been dubbed "Tempy's biggest tree" by locals and is considered a Templestowe icon. The tree is located in Atkinson Street under armed guard as it has been a target for vandalism and protesters for many years. The tree was planted by Sir Walter Tempy in 1912, however existing neighbouring trees are believed to have been used as primary load bearing supports within the structure of Finn's Pub during renovation works in 1910.^[7] At the time of Sir Tempy's death in 1934, he was quoted as saying "…Big Champ may be the finest Gum in all of Templestowe, if not the entire world'. The last time it was measured in 2007 "Big Champ" stood at 76.3 metres tall.^[8]

History

Templestowe in 1897

The land to the east of Melbourne was acquired by The Crown, early in the 19th century, during the Stawellian timocracy; the Wurundjeri people, who inhabited the Yarra River Valley and its tributaries for 500 years,^[9] were granted "permissive occupancy" of Coranderrk Station, near Healesville and forcibly^{[nb 1]} resettled. Extensive trading networks had been established with the predominantly British colonists prior to pastoralism in 1835. George Langhorne, a missionary in Port Phillip from 1836 to 1839, noting in his recourse to the Colony of New South Wales, that a substantial monetary trade was well established in 1838: "A considerable number of the blacks obtain food and clothing for themselves by shooting the Menura pheasant or Bullun-Bullun for the sake of the tails, which they sell to the whites."^[10] The increasingly rapid acquisition of guns, the lure of exotic foods and a societal emphasis on maintaining kin relationships meant they weren't attracted to the mission.^[11] According to John Green, the Inspector of Aboriginal Stations in Victoria and later manager of Corranderrk,^[12] the people were able to achieve a "sustainable" degree of economic independence: "In the course of one week or so they will all be living in huts instead of willams [traditional housing]; they have also during that time [four months] made as many rugs, which has enabled them to buy boots, hats, coats etc., and some of them [have] even bought horses."^[13]

Around 1855 another bridge was built nearby in what is now Lower Plenty, built over the Plenty River. This bridge, made up of bluestone blocks and steel, still stands today and is part of the Plenty River Trail, close to the Heidelberg Golf Club and the Lower Plenty Hotel. It is possible that the Templestowe Bridge was similar in appearance to this.^[14]

Founding families

The gravestone of Major Charles Newman, relocated^{[nb 2]} to Templestowe cemetery in 1910

"Manna Gum" sculpture

Lake Bulleen, now known as Bolin Bolin Billabong

Wikimedia Commons has media related to Lake Bulleen.

There was an early settlement of Irish and Scottish folk from the ship "Midlothian", through Bulleen and Templestowe, which had arrived in June 1839. The grassland there was interspersed with large Manna and River Red (Be-al) gum trees and broken up by chains of lagoons, the largest of which, called Lake Bulleen, was surrounded by impenetrable reeds that stove off attempts to drain it for irrigation.^[15] Due to the distribution of raised ground, the flats were always flooding and for a long time only the poorest (non-English) immigrants leased "pastoral" land from Unwins Special Survey, the estate of the Port Phillip District Authority. Hence, although far from prosperous, the farmers living close to nature, most were independent, such that a private Presbyterian school^{[nb 3]} was begun for the district in 1843.

Pontville Homestead

Pontville Homestead

Pontville is historically and aesthetically significant amongst the early towns, as its landscape contributes to the greater understanding of 1840s agricultural and garden history, as well as for containing numerous relics of aboriginal life. The survival of its formal garden terracing and the presence Hawthorn hedgerows, used for fencing, is unusual. In his book^[16] on pastoralism in Tasmania and the 1920s conflict with the island natives, Keith Windschuttle writes:

The property itself (now subdivided) has several remnant plantings of the colonial era, including Himalayan Cypress, Black Mulberry and willow trees and the integrity of ancient scar trees, ancestral camping sites and other spirit places of the Wurundjeri aborigines, which was respected by the Newman family. They can be observed in their original form along the trail systems, at the Tikalara ("meeting place") plains tract of the Mullum-Mullum Creek.^[17]

Pontville is archaeologically important for the below ground remains inherent in the location of, and the material contained within the archaeological deposits associated with Newman's turf hut and the subsequent homestead building, cottage, associated farm and rubbish deposits. The structures, deposits and associated artefacts are important for their potential to provide an understanding of the conditions in which a squatting family lived in the earliest days of the Port Phillip settlement.^[18]

Namesake

The name Templestowe was chosen when a village was proclaimed. Its exact origins are unknown, although a "Templestowe" is mentioned in the book Ivanhoe by Sir Walter Scott — supposedly modelled after the Temple Newsam preceptory at Leeds.^[19] As the village of Ivanhoe was settled immediately prior to Templestowe, it is believed by some that the name was chosen to preserve the literary parallel.

Templestowe Post Office opened on 1 July 1860.^[20]

Development

Apple peel structure located at the roundabout intersection of Porter Street and Fitzsimons Lane, site of the former coolstore

Reed family milking shed at Heide. John and Sunday's work is a testament to the successes of the riparian strip

The "River Peel" sculpture was installed in 2001, as part of the Manningham City Gateway Sculpture Project.^[21]

Until the expansionism of the 1970s, Templestowe was scarcely populated. Additionally, it was then part of the so-called "green belt" of Melbourne and subdivision into less than 20,000 m² (2 hectares) was not possible in many parts of the suburb.

Transport

Looking down James Street from the corner of Anderson Street in 1924 and in 2008

Wikimedia Commons has media related to Roads of Templestowe.

Templestowe lies between two of Melbourne's rail services (the Hurstbridge and Lilydale lines) and did not facilitate the city's urban development. Throughout the 1970s the Doncaster line was planned by the State Government to run down the middle of the Eastern Freeway and serve the suburb, with land acquired for the line, but was sold in the 1980s.^[22]

The area has since been built into and, while there is still no rail service, there is now a bus network operating routes to the city in the west, Box Hill and Blackburn in the south, and Ringwood in the east. Service is comparatively poor, with average interval times between buses of one hour after peak hours and few services running after 10pm (departure time), although it is likely to improve from 2007 to 2010 under the Victorian Government's $1.4 billion "Smart Buses" program.^[23]

Following the Rod Eddington report into improving east-west travel, which included 20 recommendations for the area, the professor of public transport,^[24] Graham Currie, gave his support of expanding the bus transit system (eight older vehicles were replaced in 2007)^[25] but argued the need for rapid transit lanes throughout Manningham as an alternative to developing light and heavy rail. This would involve "separate road space so [specialised buses] don't have to wait in traffic or at traffic lights" as a solution to arterial congestion, without need for the extension of tram route 48 to Doncaster Hill, favoured by the Manningham City Council.^[26]

Education

Templestowe School catered for generations of settlers. Initially there were schools for various religious denominations, culminating in the establishment of a common (state) school, off Foote Street

Sporting facilities at Templestowe Reserve, tennis courts are observable in the background, beyond the stand of trees

There are currently five state schools (Serpell, Templestowe Heights, Templestowe Park and Templestowe Valley) and two Catholic schools (Saint Charles Borromeo and Saint Kevin's), providing primary education to the suburb. Templestowe College serves some of the demand for secondary education. However, Templestowe College, Templestowe Valley Primary School, St Kevins PS and Templestowe Heights PS are located either on the border of Templestowe and Templestowe Lower or in Templestowe Lower.

Sport

The suburb has an Australian Rules football team, the Templestowe Dockers, competing in the Eastern Football League.^[27]

The Bullen Templestowe Amateur Football Club competes in the Victorian Amateur Football Association (VAFA).^[28] The "Bullants" are a proud family club, who have had some recent premiership success at senior level (2004, 2008, 2012). The Reserves side were also Premiers in 2012, making it a very successful year for the Club after building upon the success of their Under 19's who were Premiers in 2011.^[29] The Club were promoted to Division 1 of the Victorian Amateur Football Association for the 2013 season.

The suburb also had a cricket team, the Templestowe Cricket Club, competing in the Box Hill Reporter District Cricket Association. The two football clubs and the cricket club share use of the Templestowe Reserve.

Manningham United FC also has a rich history. The Templestowe located club has been around since 1965, including winning the Dockerty Cup in 1984 when they were known as Fawkner. Manningham is currently the only soccer club located in Templestowe. Although there is a club called Templestowe United, it is actually located in Bulleen.

See also

• City of Doncaster and Templestowe - the former local government area of which Templestowe was a part

Footnotes

1. ↑ Green records that by the 1850s the situation had "got pretty bad for the local Aborigines, and the [conflict over land] was brought to a head when the local tribe were visited by a few relatives from Drouin way. They then started to go on their traditional walkabout route, and much to the consternation of local settlers, began a corroborree at a traditional site in Bulleen, and then moved to Pound Bend [near Warrandyte] where it lasted two weeks. Troopers were ultimately called out when the tribe failed to return to their camp at Pound Bend. A number were arrested and sent to the police stockade at Dandenong. The remainder [there were no more than eighteen remaining in the district at last count, in 1862] were ultimately sent to the new Aboriginal reserve in Healesville, and Templestowe's 'Aboriginal problem' was quickly solved."
2. ↑ Seven graves of the Newman family were dug up. Poulter notes that Major Charles Newman died in 1863 aged 83 years, as recorded in his death certificate, whereas according to the tombstone he died in 1866 aged 80 years. This suggests that little attention to process was made.
3. ↑ Which did not qualify for Government aid.

References

• Ellender, Isabel (1990). "The City of Doncaster and Templestowe: the Archaeological Survey of Aboriginal Sites" (PDF).  (6853 KiB) Retrieved on 2008-08-23.
• Green, Irvine (1989). Aborigines of Bulleen: The history of the Wurundjeri Tribe who inhabited the area which became the City of Doncaster and Templestowe. Doncaster-Templestowe Historical Society. pp. 25–40. ISBN 0-947353-00-3. 
• Poulter, Hazel (1985). Templestowe: A Folk History. Templestowe: J. Poulter. pp. 1–55. ISBN 0-949196-00-2. 
• William Thomas' map of the Western Port Phillip District. Note that the two pioneer settlements west of the city are described (illegibly) as a group of "various splitters, lum[ber]".

External links

• Memorabilia Photo gallery of Templestowe
• The Manningham Leader Newspaper
• Manningham City Council Online