Balasaraswati

Tanjore Balasaraswati
Balasaraswati in a concert, 1949
Background information
Born	13 May 1918 Madras Presidency, British India
Origin	Tanjore
Died	9 February 1984 (aged 65) Madras, India
Genres	Carnatic classical music
Occupation(s)	Bharatanatyam dancer

Tanjore Balasaraswati,^[1] also known as Balasaraswati (13 May 1918 – 9 February 1984), was a celebrated Indian dancer, and her rendering of Bharatanatyam, a classical dance style originated in the South Indian state of Tamil Nadu, made this style of dancing well known in different parts of India and many parts of the world.

She was awarded the Padma Bhushan in 1957^[2] and the Padma Vibhushan in 1977, the third and the second highest civilian honours given by the Government of India.^[1] In 1981 she was awarded the Sangeetha Kalasikhamani award of The Indian Fine Arts Society, Chennai.

Early life and background

Balasaraswati was a seventh generation representative of a traditional matrilineal family of temple musicians and dancers (devadasis,^[3] who traditionally enjoyed high social status), who have been described as the greatest single repository of the traditional performing arts of music and dance of the southern region of India [("Balasaraswati" by V.K. Narayana Menon)]. Her ancestor Papammal was a musician and dancer patronized in the mid-eighteenth century by the court of Thanjavur. Her grandmother Vina Dhanammal (1867–1938) is considered by many to be the most influential musician of the early twentieth century. Her mother, Jayammal (1890–1967) was a singer who encouraged the training of Balasaraswati and was her accompanist.

Balasaraswati created a revolution in traditional music and dance for bharata natyam, a combination of the performance arts of music and dance. She learned music within the family from her infancy, and her rigorous training in dance was begun when she was four under the distinguished dance teacher K. Kandappan Pillai, a member of the famed Thanjavur Nattuvanar family. Her younger brothers were the musicians T. Ranganathan and T. Viswanathan who would both become prominent performers and teachers in India and the United States. Her daughter, Lakshmi Knight (1943–2001), became a distinguished performer of her mother's style. Her grandson Aniruddha Knight continues to perform the family style today, and is artistic director of Bala Music and Dance Association in the United States and the Balasaraswati School of Dance in India. Her son-in-law Douglas M. Knight, Jr. has written her biography with the support of a Guggenheim Fellowship (2003). Famous Indian film maker Satyajit Ray made a documentary on her works.

Career

Balasaraswati's debut took place in 1925. She was the first performer of her traditional style outside of South India, performing first in Calcutta in 1934. She went on to a global career that attracted international critical attention and the respect of dance greats such as Shambhu Maharaj, Dame Margot Fonteyn, Martha Graham, and Merce Cunningham. In a review in 1977, the New York Times dance critic Anna Kisselgoff described her as one of the "supreme performing artists in the world". India Today, one of the leading news magazine of India, based on a survey, classified her as one of the 100 prominent Indians who have shaped the destiny of India. She received numerous awards in India, including the President's Award from the Sangeet Natak Akademi (1955), Padma Vibushan from the Government of India for distinguished national service (1977) and Sangita Kalanidhi from the Madras Music Academy, South India's highest award for musicians (1973). She was the only non-western dancer included in a compilation of the Dance Heritage Coalition, "America's Irreplaceable Dance Treasures: The First 100" (2000).

• Dancing in India
• Bharatanatyam
• Mani Madhava Chakyar

In popular culture

Bengali film director Satyajit Ray made a documentary film on Balasaraswati named Bala (1976).^[4]

References

Other sources

• BALASARASWATI, by Dr. V.K Narayana Menon, Inter-National Culture Center, 16 Hailey Road, New Delhi 1, India
• India’s 50 Most Illustrious Women (ISBN 81-88086-19-3) by Indra Gupta
• Balasaraswati: Her Art and Life, by Douglas M. Knight Jr., Wesleyan University Press (June, 2010), ISBN 978-0819569066
• Bala (1976), a documentary by Satyajit Ray, online
• "Hasta As Discourse on Music: T. Balasaraswati and her Art", by Kay Poursine, Dance Research Journal, Vol. 23, No. 2, Autumn, 1991
• "Bala in the US", by Kay Poursine, Nartanam - Vol. IX - No. 4

External links

• "1918-1984". Balasaraswati.com. Retrieved 2016-11-22. 
• "The Inspiration". Kpoursine.com. Retrieved 2016-11-22. 
• "World Music In the Schools". Center for World Music. Retrieved 2016-11-22.