Phytophthora erythroseptica
| Phytophthora erythroseptica | |
|---|---|
| Scientific classification | |
| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| (unranked): | SAR |
| Superphylum: | Heterokonta |
| Class: | Oomycetes |
| Subclass: | Incertae sedis |
| Order: | Peronosporales |
| Family: | Pythiaceae |
| Genus: | Phytophthora |
| Species: | P. erythroseptica |
| Binomial name | |
| Phytophthora erythroseptica Pethybr., (1913) | |
Phytophthora erythroseptica—also known as pink rot[1] along with several other species of Phytophtora—is a plant pathogen. It infects potatoes (Solanum tuberosum) causing their tubers to turn pink and damages leaves. It also infects tulips (Tulipa) damaging their leaves and shoots.[2]
Several species from the Phytophthora genus are believed to be involved in causing pink rot-like diseases.[3]
Disease Cycle
As Phytophthora erythroseptica is an oomycete its disease cycle follows that of any other Phytophthora species.[4] Oospores, sporangia and zoospores can infect any part of the potato plant that is below ground.[5] Oospores produced in the field can overwinter and when thawed produce an oogonium and antheridium which will then lead to the production of sporangia, oospores and zoospores.[6] This pathogen can by polycyclic where sporangia is the secondary inoculum, often this secondary inoculum infects tubers post harvest while in storage.[7]
This pathogen grows best in warm and wet environment. It can infect a host without a wound however the presence of a wound will increase infection greatly. A wound is needed for infection to occur when the tubers are in storage.[6] Very moist fields will have increased rates of infection as the amount of moisture makes it easy for the zoospores to move through the soil and infect tubers.
Symptoms and Host
P. erythroseptica is host specific, and infects only potatoes in moist soils. However there are related pink rot species that infect raspberries, tomatoes, clover and asparagus.[8] The common name of pink rot comes from the fact that when infected tubers are left open to the air they will turn pink before turning brown the black as time goes on.[9] The pink color is often used as the main symptom when making a firm diagnosis. The infected tubers often are watery and have a distinct smell. The potatoes plants themselves can sometimes be wilted however most symptoms are seen on the tuber.[10] The majority of diseased tubers get infected while in storage, but the majority of symptoms are seen inside the tuber except for the rubbery appearance that the outside may have. There are often cases that show symptoms other than rotting, these are often due to a pathogen other than P. erythroseptica infecting the tuber along with pink rot.
Management
The most significant factor in control of this pathogen is correct sanitation and cultural practices. A well drained soil and discarding of debris and volunteer potatoes will limit he spread of this pathogen greatly. Since the pathogen needs high levels of moisture in the soil for dissemination, one of the most important factors to watch in controlling this pathogen is the moisture content. The storage of these potatoes should be keep dry and cool in order to prevent spread of the pathogen, and if at all possible reducing the amount of wounds on potatoes will also be beneficial. There is some chemical control procedures involving chemicals such as Mefenoxam, are often used but resistance to these kinds of chemicals is starting to grow.[11] However, resistance to pink rot is being tested and encouraged in new cultivars of potatoes.[8]
References
- ↑ Wharton, Phillip; Kirk, William. "Pink Rot". Michigan Potato Diseases. Michigan State University. Retrieved 22 July 2014.
- ↑ http://www.bioimages.org.uk/html/T153110.HTM
- ↑ Mostowfizadeh-Ghalamfarsa, R; Panabieres, F; Banihashemi, Z; Cooke, DE (April 2010). "Phylogenetic relationship of Phytophthora cryptogea Pethybr. & Laff and P. drechsleri Tucker.". Fungal biology. 114 (4): 325–39. doi:10.1016/j.funbio.2010.02.001. PMID 20943142.
- ↑ "Phytophthora Database". www.phytophthoradb.org. Retrieved 2016-12-01.
- ↑ Griffiths, Helen. "Pink Rot of Potato Caused by Phytophthora Erythroseptica in Pennsylvania." (PDF).
- 1 2 "Michigan Potato Diseases - Pink Rot". www.potatodiseases.org. Retrieved 2016-12-01.
- ↑ Vargas, Luis A.; Nielsen, L. W. "Phytophthora erythroseptica in Peru: Its identification and pathogenesis". American Potato Journal. 49 (8): 309–320. doi:10.1007/BF02861669. ISSN 0003-0589.
- 1 2 Parry, David W. (1990). Plant Pathology in Agriculture. Cambridge: Cambridge UP. p. 291.
- ↑ "UC IPM: UC Management Guidelines for Pink Rot on Potato". ipm.ucanr.edu. Retrieved 2016-12-01.
- ↑ "Pink rot | AHDB Potatoes". potatoes.ahdb.org.uk. Retrieved 2016-12-01.
- ↑ Taylor, Raymond J.; Salas, Bacilio; Gudmestad, Neil C. "Differences in Etiology Affect Mefenoxam Efficacy and the Control of Pink Rot and Leak Tuber Diseases of Potato". Plant Disease. 88 (3): 301–307. doi:10.1094/pdis.2004.88.3.301.