List of Padma Bhushan award recipients (1990–99)

Padma Bhushan
Awarded by Government of India
Type	Civilian
Category	National
Description
Obverse	A centrally located lotus flower is embossed and the text "Padma" written in Devanagari script is placed above and the text "Bhushan" is placed below the lotus.
Reverse	A platinum Emblem of India placed in the centre with the national motto of India, "Satyameva Jayate" (Truth alone triumphs) in Devanagari Script
Ribbon
Statistics
Instituted	1954
First awarded	1954
Total awarded	113
Previous name(s)	Padma Vibhushan "Dusra Warg" (Class II)
Award rank ← Padma Vibhushan Padma Shri →

The Padma Bhushan is India's third highest civilian honour which has been presented by the Government of India since 1954 for "distinguished service of a high order".^[1] The award consists of a certificate and a medallion and the recipient's name is registered in The Gazette of India.^[2]

In the 1990s, a total of one hundred and thirteen personalities were conferred with the award. Twenty-four awards were presented in both 1990 and 1991, followed by thirty-three in 1992. In February 1992, a writ petition was filed in the Kerala High Court questioning whether the civilian awards presented the Government of India were "titles" as per the Article 18 (1) of the Constitution of India. The subject constitutional article states that "no title, not being a military or academic distinction, shall be conferred by the State".^[3] Similar petition was also filed in August 1992 in the Indore Bench of the Madhya Pradesh High Court and a notice was issued on 25 August that led to provisional suspension of all civilian awards.^[4][5] A Special Divisional Bench of the Supreme Court of India was set up with a panel of five judges that delivered the verdict on 15 December 1995 that the "Bharat Ratna and Padma awards are not titles within Article 18 of the Constitution of India".^[4][6] Later in 1998 when the awards were restored back, eighteen recipients received the award followed by fourteen in 1999. Five foreign recipients from Japan, New Zealand, the United Kingdom and the United States were presented this award in the 1990s. Individuals from ten fields were honoured that included twenty-six from art, two from civil services, twenty-three from literature and education, fifteen from medicine, eleven from public affairs, eighteen from science and engineering, ten from social work, three sports persons, three from trade and industry and two for other fields.^[7]

Journalist Nikhil Chakravarty declined the award in 1990 so as to "not be identified with the establishment".^[8] Historian Romila Thapar declined to accept the award in 1992, and later again in 2005, stating that she would accept awards only "from academic institutions or those associated with my professional work".^[8] Similar to Chakravarty, journalist and civil servant K. Subrahmanyam also refused the honour citing that "bureaucrats and journalists should not accept any award from the government because they are more liable to be favoured."^[8]

List of recipients

Awarded in 1991, Sarangi player Ram Narayan popularised the instrument as a solo concert instrument and is considered as first internationally successful sarangi player.^[9]

Widely known for her "pioneering" work in the field of family planning, Shakuntala Paranjpye also acted in movies like Sairandhri (1933) and Kunku (1937). She was awarded with Padma Bhushan in 1991.^[10]

1991 recipient Bindeshwar Pathak is an sociologist and founder of Sulabh International. The United Nations Environment Programme awarded him with Global 500 Roll of Honour in 2003.^[11]

Girish Karnad (1992)

Krishnaswamy Kasturirangan (1992)

T. N. Krishnan (1992)

Sonal Mansingh (1992)

C. Narayana Reddy (1992)

U. R. Ananthamurthy (1998)

Debiprasad Chattopadhyaya (1998)

Bhisham Sahni (1998)

Vempati Chinna Satyam (1998)

Considered as "the pioneer of satellite based imaging sensors in the country", George Joseph has made significant contribution to Electro-optical sensor development. Joseph was awarded with Padma Bhushan in 1999.^[12]

Explanatory notes

Non-citizen recipients

References

External links

• "Awards & Medals". Ministry of Home Affairs (India). 14 September 2015. Retrieved 22 October 2015. 

Indian honours and decorations
Civilian	National Bharat Ratna Padma Vibhushan Padma Bhushan Padma Shri Children National Bravery Award National Child Award for Exceptional Achievement National Bal Shree Honour Women Stree Shakti Puraskar Police President's Police Medal for Gallantry Police Medal for Gallantry Central Ganga Sharan Award George Grierson Award Mahapandit Rahul Sankrityayan Award Moturi Satyanarayan Award National Award for Child Welfare Subramanya Bharathi Award By field Literature Sahitya Akademi Fellowship Sahitya Akademi Award Cinema Dadasaheb Phalke Award National Film Awards Other arts Sangeet Natak Akademi Fellowship Sangeet Natak Akademi Award Lalit Kala Akademi Fellowship Sports Rajiv Gandhi Khel Ratna Arjuna Award Dronacharya Award Dhyan Chand Award Science & Technology Shanti Swarup Bhatnagar Prize Kalinga Prize Gallantry Sarvottam Jeevan Raksha Padak Uttam Jeevan Raksha Padak Jeevan Raksha Padak Medical Dr. B. C. Roy Award International Gandhi Peace Prize Indira Gandhi Peace Prize Tagore Award for Cultural Harmony
Military	Wartime   Param Vir Chakra   Maha Vir Chakra   Vir Chakra Peacetime   Ashoka Chakra   Kirti Chakra   Shaurya Chakra Distinguished Service & Gallantry   Sena Medal Army   Nao Sena Medal Navy   Vayusena Medal Air Force Wartime   Sarvottam Yudh Seva Medal   Uttam Yudh Seva Medal   Yudh Seva Medal Peacetime   Param Vishisht Seva Medal   Ati Vishisht Seva Medal   Vishisht Seva Medal Service and campaign medals   Wound Medal   General Service Medal 1947   Samanya Seva Medal   Special Service Medal   Samar Seva Star   Poorvi Star   Paschimi Star   Operation Vijay Star   Siachen Glacier Medal   Raksha Medal   Sangram Medal   Operation Vijay Medal   Operation Parakram Medal   Sainya Seva Medal   High Altitude Service Medal   Videsh Seva Medal Other Awards Mention in Dispatches Commendation Card