Type D escort ship
No.2 on 26 February 1944 at Tokyo Bay | |
Class overview | |
---|---|
Name: | No.2 class escort ship |
Builders: | |
Operators: | |
Preceded by: | Ukuru class |
Cost: | 5,363,000 JPY |
Built: | 1943–1946 |
In commission: | 1944–1987 |
Planned: | 203 |
Completed: | 67 |
Cancelled: | 136 |
Lost: | 26 |
Retired: | 41 |
General characteristics [1] | |
Type: | Escort ship |
Displacement: | 740 long tons (752 t) standard |
Length: | 69.5 m (228 ft) |
Beam: | 8.6 m (28 ft 3 in) |
Draught: | 3.05 m (10 ft) |
Propulsion: | 1 shaft, geared turbine engines, 2,500 hp (1,864 kW) |
Speed: | 17.5 knots (20.1 mph; 32.4 km/h) |
Range: | 4,500 nmi (8,300 km) at 16 kn (18 mph; 30 km/h) |
Complement: | 160 |
Sensors and processing systems: |
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Armament: |
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The Type D escort ships (丁型海防艦 Tei-gata kaibōkan) were a class of ships in the service of the Imperial Japanese Navy during World War II. The Japanese called them "Type D" coast defence ships, and they were the sixth class of Kaibōkan (Kai = sea, ocean, Bo = defence, Kan = ship), a name used to denote a multi-purpose vessel.[2]
Background
The Type D, like the Ukuru-class and Mikura-class, were dedicated to the anti-aircraft and anti-submarine role.
On 22 April 1943, the Navy General Staff decided a mass production of escort ships, because of the urgent need to protect the convoys which were under constant attack. The plan was to build a basic escort ship of around 800 tons, with a simple design for easy construction. The first designs, for "Type A" Etorofu class and "Type B" Mikura class, still needed too many man-hours for building, so in June 1943, the Navy General Staff planned for a simplified design. The result was the Ukuru class, and a scaled-down model of the Mikura class, which became the "Type C" and "Type D" escort classes.
Design
Because of Japan's deteriorating war situation, the Type D class was a further simplification of the Ukuru design and were built to the same design as the Type C escort ship. However, due to a shortage of diesel engines to power both groups of vessels, the Type D were powered by turbine engines. This gave a slight increase in speed, from 16.5 to 17.5 knots, but a reduction in range and endurance, 4500 miles at 16 knots instead of 6500 miles. The Type D was the only Kaibokan type to use turbines.
They were smaller by 200 tons than the Ukuru’s and engines that propelled them were also smaller, at 2500 SHP vs 4200 for the Ukurus. Because of the decrease in engine power, the speed fell from 19.5 to 17.5 knots. The number of 4.7" guns went from three to two. The number of depth charges aboard was the same, 120, but the number of depth charge throwers was decreased from 18 to 12 and the depth charge chutes were decreased from two to one.
Due to the simplifications of the design, a significant saving was made in construction time. The Type D escorts required approximately 20,000 man-hours each, compared to the 35,000 man-hours of the Ukurus and the 57,000 man-hours of the Mikuras.
Construction
The design work for the Type D ships started in March 1943, at the same time as for the Ukuru class. They were built concurrently with the Ukuru class and the Type C-class. The Type D were given even numbers while the Type C were given odd numbers. The Type D were constructed using prefabricated sections that enabled them to be built in as little as three to four months. The lead ship, "No.2" (CD-2) was constructed at Yokosuka Naval Arsenal, laid down on 5 October 1943, launched on 30 December 1943, and completed on 28 February 1944. CD-198 was the fastest build, being constructed in only 71 days; she was laid down on 31 December 1944, and completed on 11 March 1945.[3]
Service
Most of the Type D escorts were assigned to the Escort Fleet. However, they were not able to stop the American submarine offensive. One drawback was they did not have an effective fire-control system. They were equipped only with one height rangefinder for the AA guns and were powerless against an air attack. Despite being simple to construct they however proved themselves very durable for their size. Of the 22 instances of torpedoes striking them, they survived 9 times, with the CD-30 being struck and surviving on two separate occasions. Of the seven occasions when they struck mines, only one sank.
During the war 68 ships were finished out of the 200 planned; 25 were sunk during the war. [4]
Successes
- USS Harder was sunk on August 24, 1944 by CD-22.[5]
- USS Scamp was probably sunk on November 11, 1944 by CD-4.[5]
- USS Swordfish may also have been sunk by CD-4 on January 4, 1945, though evidence is unclear.[5]
- USS Snook was probably sunk by CD-8, CD-32, and CD-52 with Okinawa on April 9, 1945.[5]
- USS Bonefish was sunk on June 19, 1945 by CD-158 with CD-63, CD-75 and CD-207 and Okinawa.[5]
- USS Salmon was rendered unfit for further service by damage from CD-22 with CD-33 and CD-29 on October 30, 1944.
- USS Halibut was rendered unfit for further service by damage from CD-6 on November 14, 1944.[6]
Ships in class
Ship # | Ship | Builder | Completed | Fate |
2701 | No.2 (第2号海防艦, Dai 2 Gō Kaibōkan) the same shall apply hereinafter |
Yokosuka Naval Arsenal | 28-02-1944 | Decommissioned on 20-09-1945. Scrapped on 20-07-1948. |
2702 | No.4 | Yokosuka Naval Arsenal | 07-03-1944 | Sunk by aircraft at Toba, 28-07-1945. Salvaged and scrapped on 30-06-1948. |
2703 | No.6 | Yokosuka Naval Arsenal | 15-03-1944 | Sunk by USS Atule at south of Hidaka, 13-08-1945.[6] |
2704 | No.8 | Mitsubishi, Nagasaki Shipyard | 29-02-1944 | Decommissioned on 05-10-1945. Surrendered to United Kingdom, 16-07-1947. Later scrapped. |
2705 | No.10 | Mitsubishi, Nagasaki Shipyard | 29-02-1944 | Sunk by USS Plaice at west of Tokara Islands, 27-09-1944. |
2706 | No.12 | Yokosuka Naval Arsenal | 22-03-1944 | Decommissioned on 30-11-1945. Surrendered to United States, 05-09-1947. Scrapped on 30-11-1947. |
2707 | No.14 | Yokosuka Naval Arsenal | 27-03-1944 | Decommissioned on 30-11-1945. Surrendered to Republic of China 06-07-1947, and renamed Tsinan. Captured by People's Liberation Army 1949, and renamed Wuchang (215). Decommissioned in 1982. |
2708 | No.16 | Yokosuka Naval Arsenal | 31-03-1944 | Decommissioned on 30-11-1945. Surrendered to United Kingdom, 14-08-1947. Later scrapped. |
2709 | No.18 | Mitsubishi, Nagasaki Shipyard | 08-03-1944 | Sunk by aircraft at east of Quảng Ngãi, 29-03-1945. |
2710 | No.20 | Mitsubishi, Nagasaki Shipyard | 11-03-1944 | Heavy damaged by aircraft at northwest of San Fernando, 29-12-1944. Sink on 30-12-1944. |
2711 | No.22 | Mitsubishi, Nagasaki Shipyard | 24-03-1944 | Decommissioned on 30-11-1945. Surrendered to United States, 05-09-1947. Scrapped on 31-12-1947. |
2712 | No.24 | Mitsubishi, Nagasaki Shipyard | 28-03-1944 | Sunk by USS Archer-Fish at west of Iwo Jima, 28-06-1944. |
2713 | No.26 | Mitsubishi, Nagasaki Shipyard | 31-05-1944 | Decommissioned on 30-11-1945. Surrendered to United States, 06-09-1947. Scrapped on 13-10-1947. |
2714 | No.28 | Mitsubishi, Nagasaki Shipyard | 31-05-1944 | Sunk by USS Blenny at Dasol Bay, 24-12-1944. |
2715 | No.30 | Mitsubishi, Nagasaki Shipyard | 26-06-1944 | Sunk by aircraft at Yura, 28-07-1945. Salvaged and scrapped 1948. |
2716 | No.32 | Mitsubishi, Nagasaki Shipyard | 30-06-1944 | Decommissioned on 05-10-1945. Surrendered to United Kingdom, 16-07-1947. Later scrapped. |
2717 | No.34 | Tōkyō Ishikawajima Shipyard | 25-08-1944 | Decommissioned on 05-10-1945. Surrendered to Soviet Union, 05-07-1947. Served in Soviet Pacific Ocean Fleet as patrol ship EK-32 (1947), target ship TsL-63 (1954), repair ship PM-75 (1957). Decommissioned on July 23, 1958 and scrapped. |
2718 | No.36 | Fujinagata Shipyards | 21-10-1944 | Decommissioned on 05-10-1945. Surrendered to United States, 19-07-1947. Scrapped on 03-01-1948. |
2719 | No.38 | Kawasaki, Kōbe Shipyard | 10-08-1944 | Sunk by USS Hardhead at west of Corregidor, 25-11-1944. |
2720 | No.40 | Fujinagata Shipyards | 22-12-1944 | Decommissioned on 30-11-1945. Surrendered to Republic of China 29-08-1947, and renamed Chenan (PF-72). Decommissioned 1963. |
2721 | No.42 | Mitsubishi, Nagasaki Shipyard | 25-08-1944 | Sunk by USS Puffer at northwest of Agunijima Island, 10-01-1945. |
2722 | No.44 | Mitsubishi, Nagasaki Shipyard | 31-08-1944 | Decommissioned on 05-10-1945. Surrendered to United States, 05-07-1947. Sunk as target at 34°48′N 139°42′E / 34.800°N 139.700°E, 25-08-1947. |
2723 | No.46 | Kawasaki, Kōbe Shipyard | 29-08-1944 | Sunk by naval mine at Mokpo, 17-08-1945. |
2724 | No.48 | Fujinagata Shipyards | 13-03-1945 | Decommissioned on 30-11-1945. Surrendered to Soviet Union, 28-08-1947. Served in Soviet Pacific Ocean Fleet as patrol ship EK-42 (1947), target ship TsL-42 (1948), dispatch ship Abakan (1949). Decommissioned on June 2, 1959 and scrapped. |
2725 | No.50 | Tōkyō Ishikawajima Shipyard | 13-10-1944 | Decommissioned on 20-11-1945. Scrapped on 05-05-1948. |
2726 | No.52 | Mitsubishi, Nagasaki Shipyard | 25-09-1944 | Decommissioned on 05-10-1945. Surrendered to Soviet Union, 29-07-1947. Served in Soviet Pacific Ocean Fleet as patrol ship EK-36 (1947), tdispatch ship Naryn (1954). Decommissioned on March 11, 1958 and scrapped. |
2727 | No.54 | Mitsubishi, Nagasaki Shipyard | 30-09-1944 | Heavy damaged by aircraft at Calayan, 15-12-1944. Later scuttled. |
2728 | No.56 | Kawasaki, Kōbe Shipyard | 27-09-1944 | Sunk by USS Bowfin at south of Tateyama, 17-02-1945. |
2729 | No.58 | Fujinagata Shipyards | 08-04-1946 | Surrendered to United States, 31-07-1947. Scrapped on 30-11-1947. |
2730 | No.60 | Kawasaki, Kōbe Shipyard | 09-11-1944 | Decommissioned on 05-10-1945. Surrendered to United Kingdom, 14-08-1947. Later scrapped. |
2731 | No.62 | Hitachi Zōsen, Mukōjima Shipyard | Construction stopped on 22-05-1945. Sink at Kure, 14-01-1946. Salvaged and scrapped, May 1948. | |
2732 | No.64 | Mitsubishi, Nagasaki Shipyard | 15-10-1944 | Sunk by USS Pipefish at east of Hainan Island, 03-12-1944. |
2733 | No.66 | Mitsubishi, Nagasaki Shipyard | 21-10-1944 | Sunk by aircraft off Shantou, 13-03-1945. |
2734 | No.68 | Kawasaki, Kōbe Shipyard | 20-11-1944 | Sunk by aircraft at west of Amami Ōshima, 24-03-1945. |
2735 | No.70 | Hitachi Zōsen, Onomichi Factory | Construction stopped on 01-04-1945. Later scrapped. | |
2736 | No.72 | Tōkyō Ishikawajima Shipyard | 25-11-1944 | Sunk by USS Haddo at west of Taedong River, 01-07-1945. |
2737 | No.74 | Mitsubishi, Nagasaki Shipyard | 10-12-1944 | Sunk by aircraft at Muroran, 14-07-1945. |
2738 | No.76 | Mitsubishi, Nagasaki Shipyard | 23-12-1944 | Decommissioned on 30-11-1945. Surrendered to Soviet Union, 28-08-1947. Served in Soviet Pacific Ocean Fleet as patrol ship EK-44 (1947), target ship TsL-44 (1948), patrol ship SKR-49 (1954). Refitted, rearmed and ceded to Chinese People's Liberation Army on June 25, 1955. |
2739 | No.78 | Kawasaki, Senshū Shipyard | 04-04-1946 | Surrendered to Soviet Union, 29-07-1947. Served in Soviet Pacific Ocean Fleet as patrol ship EK-37 (1947), dispatch ship Murgab (1954). Decommissioned on March 11, 1958 and scrapped. |
2740 | No.80 | Hitachi Zōsen, Mukōjima Shipyard | Construction stopped on 01-04-1945. Later scrapped. | |
2741 | No.82 | Mitsubishi, Nagasaki Shipyard | 31-12-1944 | Sunk by aircraft at ENE of Kimchaek, 10-08-1945. |
2742 | No.84 | Mitsubishi, Nagasaki Shipyard | 31-12-1944 | Sunk by USS Hammerhead at ENE of French Indochina, 29-03-1945. |
2743 - 2750 | Even numbers from No.86 to No.100 | Cancelled in August 1944. | ||
2751 | No.102 | Mitsubishi, Nagasaki Shipyard | 20-01-1945 | Decommissioned on 30-11-1945. Surrendered to Soviet Union, 28-08-1947. Served in Soviet Pacific Ocean Fleet as patrol ship EK-46 (1947), target ship TsL-46 (1948). Decommissioned on January 21, 1960 and scrapped. |
2752 | No.104 | Mitsubishi, Nagasaki Shipyard | 31-01-1945 | Decommissioned on 30-11-1945. Surrendered to Republic of China 29-08-1947, and renamed Taian (PF-71). Decommissioned 1963. |
2753 | No.106 | Tōkyō Ishikawajima Shipyard | 14-01-1945 | Decommissioned on 05-10-1945. Surrendered to United States, 05-07-1947. Sunk as target at 34°45′N 139°44′E / 34.750°N 139.733°E, 21-07-1947. |
2754 - 2755 | No.108 and No.110 | Cancelled in Spring 1944. | ||
2756 | No.112 | Kawasaki, Senshū Shipyard | 24-10-1944 | Sunk by USS Barb at northeast of Cape Crillon, 18-07-1945. |
2757 | No.114 | Cancelled in Spring 1944. | ||
2758 | No.116 | Ishikawajima Heavy Industries | 28-11-1945 | Decommissioned 25-03-1946. Later scrapped. |
2759 | No.118 | Kawasaki, Kōbe Shipyard | 27-12-1945 | Decommissioned on 05-10-1945. Surrendered to Republic of China 31-07-1947. Captured by People's Liberation Army, May 1949, and renamed Changsha (216). Decommissioned in 1982. |
2760 | No.120 | Cancelled in Spring 1944. | ||
2761 | No.122 | Tōkyō Ishikawajima Shipyard | Construction stopped in March 1945. Later scrapped. | |
2762 | No.124 | Kawasaki, Senshū Shipyard | 09-02-1945 | Decommissioned on 30-11-1945. Scrapped on 01-02-1948. |
2763 | No.126 | Kawasaki, Senshū Shipyard | 26-03-1945 | Decommissioned on 05-11-1945. Surrendered to United Kingdom, 14-08-1947. Later scrapped. |
2764 | No.128 | Cancelled in Spring 1944. | ||
2765 | No.130 | Harima Zōsen | 12-08-1944 | Sunk by aircraft at east of Quảng Ngãi, 29-03-1945. |
2766 | No.132 | Harima Zōsen | 07-09-1944 | Decommissioned on 05-10-1945. Scrapped on 02-07-1948. |
2767 | No.134 | Harima Zōsen | 30-09-1944 | Sunk by aircraft at south of Xiamen, 06-04-1945. |
2768 | No.136 | Cancelled in Autumn 1944. | ||
2769 | No.138 | Harima Zōsen | 23-10-1944 | Sunk by aircraft at San Fernando, 02-01-1945. |
2770 | No.140 | Cancelled in Autumn 1944. | ||
2771 | No.142 | Kawasaki, Senshū Shipyard | 07-04-1946 | Surrendered to Soviet Union, 29-07-1947. Served in Soviet Pacific Ocean Fleet as patrol ship EK-38 (1947), target ship TsL-38 (1948), dispatch ship Arkhara (1949), patrol ship SKR-48 (1954). Refitted, rearmed and ceded to Chinese People's Liberation Army on February 11, 1955. Under the name Chih-17 served until 1987. |
2772 | No.144 | Harima Zōsen | 23-11-1944 | Sunk by USS Besugo at east of Malay Peninsula, 02-02-1945. |
2773 - 2774 | No.146 and No.148 | Cancelled in Autumn 1944. | ||
2775 | No.150 | Harima Zōsen | 24-12-1944 | Decommissioned on 05-10-1945. Surrendered to United States, 04-07-1947. Sunk as target at 35°28′N 123°25′E / 35.467°N 123.417°E, 18-08-1947. |
2776 | No.152 | Cancelled in Autumn 1944. | ||
2777 | No.154 | Harima Zōsen | 07-02-1945 | Decommissioned on 30-11-1945. Surrendered to United Kingdom, 04-09-1947. Scrapped on 01-03-1948. |
2778 | No.156 | Harima Zōsen | 08-03-1945 | Decommissioned on 30-11-1945. Surrendered to United Kingdom, 04-09-1947. Scrapped on 11-12-1947. |
2779 | No.158 | Harima Zōsen | 13-04-1945 | Decommissioned on 05-10-1945. Surrendered to United States, 25-07-1947. Scrapped on 31-12-1947. |
2780 | No.160 | Harima Zōsen | 16-08-1945 | Decommissioned on 05-10-1945. Surrendered to United Kingdom, 08-09-1947. Scrapped on 21-02-1948. |
2781 - 2792 | Even numbers from No.162 to No.184 | Cancelled in Autumn 1944. | ||
2793 | No.186 | Mitsubishi, Nagasaki Shipyard | 15-02-1945 | Sunk by aircraft at Amami Ōshima, 02-04-1945. |
2794 | No.188 | Cancelled in Autumn 1944. | ||
2795 | No.190 | Mitsubishi, Nagasaki Shipyard | 21-02-1945 | Decommissioned on 30-11-1945. Scrapped on 31-03-1948. |
2796 | No.192 | Mitsubishi, Nagasaki Shipyard | 28-02-1945 | Decommissioned on 25-10-1945. Surrendered to Republic of China 31-07-1947, and renamed Tsuan. Decommissioned 1952. |
2797 | No.194 | Mitsubishi, Nagasaki Shipyard | 15-03-1945 | Decommissioned on 05-10-1945. Surrendered to Republic of China 06-07-1947, and renamed Weihai. Captured by People's Liberation Army, 23-04-1949, and renamed Tsinan (219). Decommissioned 1982. |
2798 | No.196 | Mitsubishi, Nagasaki Shipyard | 31-03-1945 | Decommissioned on 30-11-1945. Surrendered to Soviet Union, 05-07-1947. Served in Soviet Pacific Ocean Fleet as patrol ship EK-33 (1947), dispatch ship Turgai (1954). Decommissioned on March 11, 1958 and scrapped. |
2799 | No.198 | Mitsubishi, Nagasaki Shipyard | 31-03-1945 | Decommissioned on 05-10-1945. Surrendered to Republic of China 31-07-1947. Captured by People's Liberation Army, May 1949, and renamed Sian (220). Decommissioned 1982. |
2800 | No.200 | Mitsubishi, Nagasaki Shipyard | 20-04-1945 | Decommissioned on 30-11-1945. Scrapped on 01-07-1948. |
2801 | No.202 | Mitsubishi, Nagasaki Shipyard | 07-07-1945 | Decommissioned on 30-11-1945. Scrapped on 01-01-1948. |
2802 | No.204 | Mitsubishi, Nagasaki Shipyard | 11-07-1945 | Decommissioned on 20-11-1945. Scrapped on 31-01-1948. |
2803 - 2843 | Even numbers from No.206 to No.286 | Cancelled in Autumn 1944. | ||
60 vessels | All canceled before being named. | |||
See also
- Type C escort ship
- Ukuru class escort ship
- Hiburi class escort ship
- Mikura class escort ship
- Etorofu class escort ship
- Shimushu class escort ship
- Destroyer escort
- Tacoma class frigate
- Flower class corvette
Notes
- ↑ Conway p206-207
- ↑ ""coast defense ships." The Japanese used this curious rating to denote a multi-purpose vessel." Worth P. 208
- ↑ http://www.combinedfleet.com/CD-198_t.htm
- ↑ Conway p207
- 1 2 3 4 5 http://www.history.navy.mil/faqs/faq39-1.htm
- 1 2 http://www.combinedfleet.com/CD-6_t.htm
External links
- Type D class @combinedfleet.com (Retrieved 14 July 2009)
- D type escorts @IJN(Retrieved 14 July 2009)
- D class @warships of WWII (Retrieved 14 July 2009)
References
- Worth, Richard, Fleets of World War II, Da Capo Press (2001), ISBN 0-306-81116-2
- Conway's All the World's Fighting ships 1922-1946 (1980) ISBN 0-85177-146-7