Monfragüe

Monfragüe National Park
IUCN category II (national park)

A view of the Salto del Gitano
Map showing the location of Monfragüe National Park
Location Extremadura
Coordinates 39°50′27″N 6°01′48″W / 39.84083°N 6.03000°W / 39.84083; -6.03000Coordinates: 39°50′27″N 6°01′48″W / 39.84083°N 6.03000°W / 39.84083; -6.03000
Area 179 km² (17 852 ha)
Established 2007
Visitors 331,788 (in 2008)
A view of the national park with the ruined Monfragüe castle in the foreground

Monfragüe is a comarca (county, with no administrative role) of Extremadura, western Spain, which contains one of the country's fifteen National Parks (Spanish: Parque Nacional Monfragüe).[1]

History

From 1979 the area was protected as a natural park a lower level of protection than national park. In 1991 it was declared as a special protection area for birds,[1] until national park status was granted in 2007. Since 2003 it has been recognised by UNESCO as a Biosphere reserve.[2]

Location

The park is north of Trujillo and runs from east to west along the valley of the River Tagus or Tajo. It includes a long mountainous ridge, which the river has cut through, creating on the western side an impressive rock face, the Peña Falcon, 'falcon rock'. On the eastern side is the Castle of Monfragüe. The River Tietar enters the park from the north-east and joins the Tagus just to the east of Peña Falcon. The single village in the park is Villareal de San Carlos (population 28). It occupies an area of 18.118 hectares.[3]

Biodiversity

Habitats in the park include extensive dense scrub, small oak woodlands, and numerous cliffs and rock faces. The land is mainly used for traditional, low-intensive farming. However, there were two major changes in the years 1960-70: the river Tagus was dammed, affecting its course through the park; and parts of the park were affected by a project of planting eucalyptus. This non-indigenous species is being eradicated. Commercial forestry is prohibited in Spanish national parks.

Birds

In 1988 the European Union designated Monfrague a Special Protection Area (SPA) for bird-life. The SPA (or ZEPA, the equivalent acronym in Spanish) extends beyond the park, where the nesting sites are concentrated, into the surrounding dehesas, which provide food for the birds.[4]

Monfrague is an outstanding site for raptors, with more than 15 regular breeding species, including the world's largest breeding concentration of Eurasian black vulture, a large population of griffon vulture, and several pairs of Spanish imperial eagle, golden eagle and Bonelli's eagle. The crags and cliffs on the north side of the river midway through the park draw photographers from all over Europe and the Americas. The government has built observation blinds throughout the course of the river.

Other breeding birds for which the park is important are black stork and Eurasian eagle owl and there is a high density of azure-winged magpie. It is also one of the few locations in Europe where white-rumped swift breed.

Other wildlife

Deer and wild boar live in the park.

References

  1. 1 2 (Spanish) Spanish Ministry of the Environment website.
  2. ↑ Biosphere Reserve Directory, UNESCO
  3. ↑ Monfragüe National Park TURESPAÑA , August 2016
  4. ↑ BirdLife International (2012) Important Bird Areas factsheet: Monfragüe. Downloaded from http://www.birdlife.org on 17/06/2012
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