Mlatišuma

Mlatišuma
Birth name Staniša Marković
Nickname(s) Mlatišuma
Born 1664
Vražegrmci, Bjelopavlići, Ottoman Empire (modern Montenegro)
Died 1740
Allegiance Habsburg Monarchy
Years of service 1716–1740
Rank obor-kapetan
Unit Serbian Militia (1718–39)
Battles/wars

Staniša Marković (Serbian Cyrillic: Станиша Марковић; 1664–1740), known as Mlatišuma (Млатишума), was a Habsburg Serbian obor-kapetan of Kragujevac. He had joined the Austrians in the Austro-Turkish War of 1716–18, and after the victorious war and occupation of central Serbia (the Kingdom of Serbia) he was given the rank of obor-kapetan, governing Kragujevac, and commanding the Serbian Militia (1718–39) alongside Vuk Isaković. In peace-time, he was sent to what is today Montenegro to incite an anti-Ottoman rebellion; a short-lived uprising broke out in which his personal unit participated. In 1734–35 he founded the Drača Monastery in Kragujevac. When the Austro-Russian–Turkish War (1735–39) broke out, Serbs were mobilized and Mlatišuma led forces in numerous campaigns. He is regarded a hero and enumerated in Serbian epic poetry.

Early life

According to Sima Milutinović Sarajlija, Staniša Marković was born in a village below the Ostrog monastery, in Bjelopavlići (present day Montenegro).[1][2] His family hailed from Novi Pazar.[3] With the failure of the Austro-Serbian campaign during the Great Turkish War (1683–99), a large migration of Serbs ensued into Habsburg territories in 1690.

Career

Austro-Turkish War of 1716–18

He joined the Habsburg side during the Austro-Turkish War of 1716–18,[4] which saw the second occupation of central Serbia (Sanjak of Smederevo) after the Habsburg-occupied Serbia (1686–91).[5] The Serbs established a Hajduk army that supported the Austrians.[6]

Upon the peace treaty and establishment of the Kingdom of Serbia (1718–39), Mlatišuma received the rank of obor-kapetan of Kragujevac.[4]

Interwar period

He was sent to the Highlands (Brda), to incite rebellion in eight tribes: Vasojevići (led by vojvoda Vuksan Bojović), Bratonožići, Drekalovići (led by Radonja Petrović), Piperi, Rovce, Bjelopavlići, Pješivci, and Lutovci.[7] Petrović was according to sources the leader of these tribes, who could ready 2,000 men in one day.[7] Mlatišuma arrived in Kuči in 1729.[8] He met with Radonja Petrović with whom he sought to mobilize Brda against the Ottomans. When talks were underway between Radonja Petrović and the Austrian feltmarschal, an uprising broke out in Montenegro.[9] Radonja's rebels and Serbian troops, and an auxiliary force of Mlatišuma, attacked the local Muslims.[10] According to the Serbian plan, they were to take over Novi Pazar, Rožaje, Bijelo Polje and Peć.[10]

He founded the Drača Monastery in Kragujevac, finished on 5 October 1734.[11] There is a ktetor portrait of him.[12][13]

Austro-Russian–Turkish War (1735–39)

A new war broke out, and the Serbian Militia and Mlatišuma were mobilized.[14] The Military Governor notified the people of the organization of the Militia in Serbia to set up outposts along the Habsburg–Ottoman border.[15] The population quickly responded, and, beside the regular army under the two ober-kapetans and fifteen (unter-)kapetans, 13 companies of "hajduks" were collected, who were to be used for protection of the border and other services.[15] The army was divided into 18 companies, in four groups.[16] The most notable obor-kapetans were Vuk Isaković from Crna Bara, Mlatišuma and Kosta Dimitrijević from Paraćin.[6] In Kragujevac, there were two companies of 500 soldiers each.

His forces attacked Užice.[17] Mlatišuma's forces liberated Kruševac on 20 July 1737[18] and carried much cattle.[19] Colonel Lentulus ordered that part of the cattle be returned to the population, the second part was sent to Sekendorf, the third held by the colonel to the need of his army.[19]

On 7 January 1739 he led attacks in Morava and Rudnik.[20]

He had settled 1,000 Christians in Habsburg territory after the war, during what is known as the "Second Great Migration". He was imprisoned in 1740, and is believed to have died the same year.

Legacy

He is enumerated in Serbian epic poetry, collected by Vuk Karadžić (1787–1864).[21] Sima Milutinović Sarajlija (1791–1847) wrote about him.[2] The Šumanović brotherhood in Crna Bara claim kindred.[22]

References

  1. ↑ Milutinović 1835, p. 36.
  2. 1 2 Milićević 1901, p. 100.
  3. ↑ Velimir Mihajlović (1992). Ime po zapovesti: imperativni onomastikon srpskohrvatskog jezika. Nolit.
  4. 1 2 Đorđević & Čolović 1984, p. 105.
  5. ↑ Skopsko naučno društvo 1938, p. 173.
  6. 1 2 Поповић 1950, p. 42.
  7. 1 2 Istorijski muzej Srbije 1984, p. 34.
  8. ↑ Archivum philologicum et linguisticum. Matica srpska. 1973. p. 134.
  9. ↑ Ivo Cecić; Igor Gostl, eds. (1955). Enciklopedija Jugoslavije. Jugoslavenski leksikografski zavod. p. 344. Crnogorski vojvoda Radonja Petrovic podnio je feldmarsalu zahtjev o zajednickoj akciji protiv Turaka trazeci da u slucaju pobjede ustanici ostanu na sluzbi austrijskog feldmarsala. Dok su vodeni pregovori, buk- nuo je narodni ustanak u ...
  10. 1 2 Raif Hajdaparšić (1996). Kolašinska kapetanija i bošnjački narod. Udruženje Bošnjaka Porijeklom iz Sandžaka. Na čelu ustanka bio je kučki vojvoda Radonja Petrović. Na bošnjake iz tih krajeva krenula je i srpska vojska iz Kragujevca, pojačana sa jednim odredom policije koju je predvodio .Staniša Marković. Prema planu Srbije, trebalo je da zauzmu Prema planu Srbije, trebalo je da zauzmu sljedeća mjesta: Novi Pazar, Rožaj, Bijelo Polje i Peć. U isto vrijeme napadnut je i Bihor, gdje su srpske jedinice doprle do Godijeva, u kojem je smješten štab srpske vojske u kući Mustafe Sijarića.
  11. ↑ Srbadija: časopis za zabavu pouku. 2. 1882. p. 245. 1734. српски оборкапетан Станиша Млатишума удари темељ манастиру Драчи у крагујевачком округу и доврши грађевину исте године 5 (16) октобра.
  12. ↑ Zbornik, srednovekovna umetnost. 3–4. Muzej na Makedonija. 2001. ... манир поседуваат и сликарите на Дра- ча кои работеле во Србија под австриска власт и ги извеле фреските за ктиторот оберкапетан Стојан Млатишума.135 Фреските во Драча се сликани во годините кога се подготвувал соју- ...
  13. ↑ Dimitrije M. Kalezić (2002). Enciklopedija pravoslavlja. Savremena administracija. p. 588.
  14. ↑ Vlado St Marijan (2005). Srpska istorijska čitanka: Istorija Srba u XVIII veku prema odabranim istorijskim izvorima. Dosije.
  15. 1 2 Skopsko naučno društvo (1938). Glasnik. 18–19. p. 175.
  16. ↑ Radovan M. Drašković (1987). Valjevo u prošlosti: prilozi za zavičajnu istoriju. "Milić Rakić". p. 22. Хајдучка војска била је подељена на 18 компанија, које су се распореЬивале у 4 групе.
  17. ↑ Stevan Ignjić (1967). Užice i okolina 1862-1914. Novinska ustanova "Vesti,". ... стратегијски значај Ужица које представља центар турске одбране у западној Србији. Приликом аустријског напада на град 1737. године учествује и српска милиција под руководством Ста- иише Марковића, Косте Параћинца, ...
  18. ↑ Milosav M. Đorđević (2000). Razbojna. Kulturno prosvetna zajednica Srbije. Јула 1737. године српска милиција под командом обер-капетана Ста- нише Марковића-Млатишуме је ослободила Крушевац. У Крушевцу је затим организована скупштина народних ...
  19. 1 2 Istorijski muzej Srbije 1984, p. 35.
  20. ↑ M. Đ Milićević (1876). Knez̆evina Srbija: Geografija--Crografija--Hidrografija--Topografija--Arkeologija--Istorija--Etnografija--Statistika--Prosveta--Kultura--Uprava. Sloboda,. „Године 1739, 7 Јануара, оборкапетан Станиша пошао је да узнемирује пашу јагодинског, и да сШали турски мост на Морави ; но како су се Турци томе надали и осигурали се, то се, Станиша обрне на Рудник, и ту примора турски ...
  21. ↑ Вук Стефановиђ Караджиђ (1935). Српски рјечник, истумачен њемечкијем и латинскијем ријечима. Штампарији Краљевине Југославије.
  22. ↑ Petar Šobajić (1996). Bjelopavlići i Pješivci. Cid.

Sources

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