Honjō Shigenaga

Utagawa Kuniyoshi painted Honjō Shigenaga parrying an exploding shell
In this Japanese name, the family name is Honjō.

Honjō Shigenaga (本庄 繁長, January 12, 1540 – January 29, 1614) was a Japanese Samurai who lived from the Azuchi–Momoyama period through to the Edo period. Shigenaga served the Uesugi clan and was known for his betrayal against them. He held the court title Echizen no kami.

Life

Shigenaga fought at the Battle of Kawanakajima as rear left wing commander, acting as Uesugi Kenshin's retainer.[1]

However, in 1568-1569 after the Kawanakajima campaign he briefly rebelled against Kenshin and allied himself to Takeda Shingen, Kenshin's nemesis, because Shigenaga felt dissatisfied by his small reward compared with his achievement. He first murdered Nagao Fujikage, Uesugi's vassal, and captured his castle.[2] This betrayal forced Kenshin to lay siege to Murakami castle held by Shigenaga Honjo. The conflict proved costly for Kenshin as Irobe Katsunaga, one of his generals, was slain in the battle and could not take the castle easily.[3] In spite of his rebellion against Kenshin, which lasted for one year, Takeda Shingen did not help him and Shigenaga was forced to surrender to Kenshin under the coordination of the Ashina clan. After the siege he was pardoned by Kenshin[4]

After the death of Kenshin in 1578 Shigenaga supported Uesugi Kagekatsu as successor during the Siege of Ōtate. In 1588, Shigenaga once again entered conflict against the Mogami clan and Date clan wherein he defeated a Mogami army at the battle of Jugorihara(十五里ヶ原の戦い). When Mogami Yoshiaki expanding his territory into the Shōnai region in Dewa province and threatened Yoshiuji Daihoji, who seek aids from Shigenaga. Together they successfully recovered Shōnai region as a territory of the Uesugi clan. In 1598, Uusegi Kagekatsu was transferred to Aizu Wakamatsu castle (Fukushima prefecture) by the Toyotomi government, and Shigenaga was transferred to the Aizu region.[5]

Later on, during the conflict between the Toyotomi loyalists and Tokugawa Ieyasu, Shigenaga fought in a series of battles once again against Date Masamune and Mogami Yoshiaki at the Siege of Hasedō and Battle of Matsukawa. Date's forces attacked several times including rear attack from despite Date forces attempt to attack from mount Shinobu. In October 6, Shigenaga resisted an attack from Date Masamune's warriors, such as Katakura Kagetsuna, Oniniwa Tsunamoto and Yashiro Kageyori. His forces successfully killed several of Kagetsuna's famous soldiers, forcing Date Masamune to stop attacking and return whilst Shigenaga was successfully in defending Fukushima Castle from the invading Eastern coalition[6][7][8]

Masamune Honjo

Honjō Shigenaga was particularly known as the wielder of the famous blade Honjo Masamune, a katana representing the Shogunate during most of the Tokugawa Era.[9] Shigenaga was attacked by Umanosuke who already possessed a number of trophy heads. Shigenaga was attacked with the Honjo Masamune which split his helmet, but he survived and took the sword as a prize. The blade was kept by Shigenaga until he was sent to Fushimi Castle, Bunroku around 1592-1595. Shigenaga ran out of funds and was forced to sell the sword to Toyotomi Hidetsugu, Toyotomi Hideyoshi's nephew and retainer. It was bought for 13 Mai, 13 O-Ban, which was 13 large gold coins.

References

  1. ↑ Kawanakajima 1553-64: Samurai Power Struggle; Stephen Turnbull, Wayne Reynolds; Osprey Publishing, 2013; ISBN 978-1472800220
  2. ↑ http://www.city.sanjo.niigata.jp/chiikikeiei/takajo.html
  3. ↑ 戦国期上杉・武田氏の上野支配 Kurihara Osamu, 2010
  4. ↑ http://www.japancastle.jp/2014/11/Murakami-castle.html
  5. ↑ 渡辺三省『本庄氏と色部氏』（中世武士選書 第9巻 戎光祥出版 2012年）ISBN 4864030626
  6. ↑ 『伊達町史』第1巻 通史編上
  7. ↑ 渡辺三省『本庄氏と色部氏』
  8. ↑ 『日本戦史「関原役」』第7篇第5章 福島「會津攻伐ニ関スル者」
  9. ↑ http://www.shibuiswords.com/masamunestudy.htm
“ April 26, 1601, Date MasashiTakashi-gun has been invaded and led the army of 20 000 only. Uesugi army was beginning inferior, due clever scheme of Honjō Shigenaga, was pincer the Date army along with the Nagayoshi military Suda from Doggy Style of Mount Shinobu. For being defeated Konida Corps, Date army deprived until "sparrow of Jin curtain bamboo" is Ukiashidachi in a hurry Futamei greatly, he cut more Fukushima Castle deeply central honjin Honjō Shigenaga army sortie is Date troops from gates, Date army became a rout. Uesugi side in this fight was raised a large veterans to raise the Shukyu 1290 too. In this unexpected Date Masamune to large defeat of just only 10 Cavalry rotating together, to avoid the main road, was fled to Shiroishi Castle by leaving the Kando. As a result of this battle, referred to as "Uesugi family of credit became the Bidan of world".

("Dongguk Taiheiki" Volume 4 April 26, 1601 "Matsukawa Masamune in battle, it can attack the Fukushima Castle. Suda and concomitant not covered through, that you cut out the camp curtain of Masamune")

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