Forcade

Forcade (de), also written Fourcade (de), Forcada (de), Forquade (de), Forquada (de), Forcade (de la), Fourcade (de la), Laforcade (de) and Lafourcade (de) belongs to the nobility of Guyenne[1] and Gascony,[2] in France, and of the Kingdom of Prussia. The family traces its roots to Béarn and the Kingdom of Navarre.

In old Béarnese, the letters "f" and the "h" were used interchangeably.[3] Any variations using the letter "h", such as Horcade (de), Hourcade (de), Horcada (de), Horquade (de), Horquada (de), Horcade (de la), Hourcade (de la), Lahorcade (de) and Lahourcade (de), can be considered as meaning the same.[4]

Etymology

The etymology of the word Forcade (also Hourcade), in the Béarnese dialect, means "oakwood" in English (French: bois de chêne.)[5] Hourcade can also mean the quantity of straw (or other things) that one can pick up at one time with a pitchfork.[4]

La Horcada in the Gascon dialect, means "oak forest" in English (French: forêt de chêne.)

Forcade as Toponym

There are three fiefs in Béarn that are called "Forcade". In the 1863 Topographical Dictionary of the Lower Pyrénées, these were "Fourcade",[6] a fief in the commune of Lespielle-Germenaud-Lannegrasse, known as "La Forcade"[7] in the Census of 1385 and "Forgade"[8] about 1540 during the territorial reform of Béarn. The second is "La Fourcade",[6] a fief in the commune of Asson. The third is "La Fourcade-Meyrac",[6] a fief in the commune of Pontacq. This latter was the only noble dynasty of "Forcade" identified in the Census of 1385 in Béarn.

In addition, there is a hamlet called Lahourcade,[9] part of the commune of Monein. It is surrounded by Lagor to the north, Pardies to the east, Monein to the southeast, and Lucq-de-Béarn to the southwest. The toponym Lahourcade has taken many forms over the centuries. It appeared as Lo Casteg et la Mote de Pardies (1344), Laforcade de Pardies (1438), Laforcade deu Casterot de Pardies and Laforcada, in 1546 and 1572 respectively, during the territorial reform of Béarn, Lafourcade (1607), Sainte Agathe de Lahorcade (1678) and Lafforcade (1704).[9] In 1385, Lahourcade had 48 feux and was a part of the Bailiwick of Lagor. Lahourcade is also the home of the Château Forcade.[10]

Summary History

The noble house of "de Forcade" (also "de Laforcade" and "de La Forcade") from the town of Orthez, in Béarn, is one of the oldest families of the province, with one of its members in the 12th century, figuring among those Lords of Béarn possessing fiefs and giving tithes to the church in Orthez.[11] It always held rank at the Order of nobility of the Estates of Béarn,[11] as evidenced in a 1656 judgment by the Court of Aids of Guyenne[11] in Libourne. They served the Counts of Foix and Viscounts of Béarn during the English Wars;[11] participated in the oversight of proofs and reviews of nobility during the 14th, 15th and 16th centuries,[11] and continued into the 19th century providing France with governors, judges and distinguished military officers, many of whom were killed on the battlefield in the service of their country.[11]

The family's nobility was reconfirmed in various judgments by the Intendants responsible for the royal administration of Béarn,[11] by judgments of the Court of Aids (the Court of Appeals) of Guyenne[11] and the French Conseil d'Etat.[11] It was summoned to the General Assemblies of Nobility of Agen, Bazas and Condom;[11] it is inscribed in the roles of the Knights of Malta,[11] the Order of Saint Louis,[11] the Knights of the Order of the Black Eagle, the Knights of the Kingdom of Prussia's Order of Pour le Mérite, the Knights of the Iron Cross 2nd Class, the Knights of the Cross of the Royal Prussian Order of St. John Bailiwick of Brandenburg, and the Legion of Honor.[11] Among the family's most notable representatives are a French Senator and government minister,[11] two of the more famous 17th century Prussian Lieutenant Generals, and a German Supreme Court Judge and Member of Parliament in the German Reichstag.

Over the centuries, family branches and property holdings multiplied and expanded. Descendants of these noble branches could be found in Guyenne (Béarn and Bordeaux), Gascony (Agen,[12] Armagnac, Bazas[12] at the entrance to the Landes forest, the Brulhois and Condom)[12] and in the Lannes.[12] This article focuses on the most notable of these branches, all interconnected, and all of which trace their shared roots to the Forcade family in 15th century Orthez. They are:

At different times throughout the family history other variations within these branches can be found, in particular those based on short-term property holdings.

There is much written about the family in the manuscripts of Hozier[2][14] (1640–1732) and fr:Bernard Chérin[1][15] (1718–1785). Pierre Jules de Bourrousse de Laffore provided an early detailed genealogy in Volume III of his Nobiliaire de Guienne et de Gascogne published in 1860, but this work also contains serious errors.[1] Contemporary authors have also contributed incorrect and unsourced information, in addition to their own subjective misinterpretations of older published information, about the family. Among the incorrect, misinterpreted and unsourced information published are statements that the Forcade family of Orthez is extinguished, and that the main branches discussed in this article do not all originate from the same family in Orthez. These claims and opinions are not supported with factual data or source citations.

Some branches of the family were stripped of their nobility, and of their lands, titles and privileges, shortly before 1616, as the result of an alleged dérogeance committed by Jean de Laforcade, Seigneur de La Fitte-Juson, but restored to nobility forty years later through "letters of rehabilitation" in 1656.

12th century

14th century

Notable 14th century family members

Other 14th century family members

The Reculhide of Vielleségure in 1373

In 1373, Gaston Phoebus ordered the creation of a Reculhide of Vielleségure, in the Bailiwick of Lagor, that listed 143 houses and the heads of families in the neighboring villages, who were taxed for their responsibility to maintain the small enclosure (le clauson). Listed were:

Census of 1385

The Census of 1385[26] ordered by Gaston Phoebus, lists several branches of the family in various locations. A closer look at the family provides a few statistics.

A total of 127 different family heads are cited, broken down as:

Forcade is the most common variation, representing 76.4% of the total of 127 names cited; La Forcade and Laforcade representing 22.8% and others 0.8%. The variations appear to be used interchangeably. How the variations La Forcade and Laforcade were written, depended on who was writing it. The three most important variations are all present in almost every reporting district, all but eliminating regional influences. In some villages, both Forcade and a variation of La Forcade or Laforcade are present in different households. The neighboring Bailiwicks of Pau and Monein, which also include present day Orthez, account for 37.8% of all households. If the Bailiwicks of Navarrenx and the Ossau Valley are added to this, the four districts account for 59.8% of all Forcade households.

Distribution of Forcade families identified in the Census of 1385.

  Bailiwick of Pau (32.3%)
  Bailiwick of Monein (5.5%)
  Bailiwick of Navarrenx (9.4%)
  Ossau Valley (12.6%)
  Bailiwick of Montaner (7.1%)
  Barétous Valley (7.1%)
  Other (26%)
Bailiwick of Maslacq
Bailiwick of Larbaig
Bailiwick of Rivière-Gave
  • Aramonet de Forcade in Begloc foecs vius[32]
  • Bertran de Forcade in Berenx foecs vius[33]
  • A house belonging to an unnamed de La Forcade in Somboeys foecs vius.[34]
  • Bernat de La Forcade is listed with several others as neighbors to the village of Bags ("vesiis deu diit loc de Bags"), who jointly swore that the taxes for the village were paid.[34]
  • A house belonging to an unnamed de Laforcade in Videren foecs vius[35]
  • Guixarnaut de Laforcade in Munenh foecs vius.[36]
  • Guilhemet de La Forcade in L'Espitau-d'Orion foecs vius[37]
Bailiwick of Oloron
Barétous Valley
  • Silamet de Forcade, in Lane foecs vius[42]
  • Petruixs de La Forcade in Ansse foecs vius[43]
  • Bertran de Laborde de Forcate in La Seube d’Escot foecs vius, with a note citing him again as swearing that the taxes for the 12 houses of the village were paid.[44]
  • Siot de Forcade, in La Seube d’Escot foecs vius[44]
  • Berdot de Forcade in Oyeu foecs vius[44]
  • A house belonging to an unnamed de La Forcade in Oyeu foecs vius, "in which lives a woman"[44]
  • A house belonging to an unnamed de La Forcade in Herrere foecs vius[45]
  • Goalhart de Forcades in Laduixs foecs vius[46]
  • Sanssot de Forcade in Saussede foecs vius[47]
Bailiwick of Navarrenx
  • Benediit de Forcade in Audaus foecs vius[48] with a note for this village citing him again as swearing that the taxes for the 56 houses of the village were paid.[49]
  • Aramonet de Forcade in Oriure foecs vius[50]
  • A house belonging to an unnamed de Forcade in Ossenxs, los ostaus laus en que no fo trobat foecs[51]
  • Arnauton de Forcade in Oyene foecs vius[51]
  • Arnaut-Guilhem de Forcade in Donenh foecs vius[52]
  • Arnauton de Forcade in Lay foecs vius[53]
  • Goalhardine de Forcade in Presxac foecs vius[53]
  • Peyroo de Forcade in Araus-Jusoo foecs vius,[54] with a note citing him again as a Jurat swearing that the taxes for the 55 houses of the village were paid.[54]
  • Fortaner de Forcade in Viele-Nave foecs vius[54]
  • Aramonet de Forcade in Los Navalhes foecs vius, a former hamlet of Angous[55]
  • A house belonging to an unnamed de Forcade in Luc, en que no fo trobat foecs[56]
  • A house belonging to an unnamed de Forcade in Susmioo foecs vius[57]
Bailiwick of Lagor and Pardies
  • Arnauton de Forcade in Abos foecs vius,[58] with a note citing him again as swearing that the taxes for the 71 houses of the three villages of Abos, Tarsacq and Besingrand) were paid.[59]
Bailiwick of Monein
Bailiwick of Pau
Bailiwick of Lembeye
Bailiwick of Montaner
Bailiwick of Nay
Ossau Valley
Aspe Valley

Census of 1388

The Census of 1388 lists a loc de Forcade[123] (a domaine of Forcade) in Andrein abandoned since 35 years, without an heir.[124][125][126]

15th century

Notable 15th century family members

Other 15th century family members

16th century

Notable 16th century family members

The most notable family members of the 16th century were, without doubt, Noble Jean de Laforcade, Seigneur de La Fitte and his son Jean de Laforcade, Seigneur de La Fitte-Juson. So important were they, both in terms of their influence on history and their pivotal role in spawning subsequent branches, that they are discussed in detail here under the heading of the sieurs de Lafitte.

Other 16th century family members

17th Century

Notable 17th century family members

Other 17th century family members

1600–09

1610–19

1620–29

1630–39

1640–49

1650–59

1660–69

1670–79

By the end of the decade, there were only nine remaining noble houses headed by Forcade males in the Province of Béarn, as evidenced by the enumerations of noble assets made with the framework of the reform of the territory of Béarn between 1670–76, and provided to the Chambre des Comptes of Navarre. These were:

  1. one property in the Seneschalty of Oloron, headed by David de Forcade, at the Château du Domec de Dognen;
  2. two properties in the Seneschalty of Sauveterre, headed by Jean de Forcade, for a property in Jasses, and another Jean de Forcade, for a property in Gurs;
  3. four properties in the Seneschalty of Orthez, headed by Daniel de Forcade, at the fief of Chantine, Pierre de Forcade, at the Château de Baure and the fief of Herrère, and by another Pierre de Forcade, for the fief of Aragnon;
  4. one property in the Seneschalty of Morlaàs, headed by Jean Lafourcade, at the house of La Barthe[232] in Conchez-de-Béarn.
  5. one property in the Seneschalty of Pau, headed by Jean de Forcade, at the house of Biaix in the city of Pau.

1680–89

1690–99

Date unknown between 1600–99

Judgments and rulings affecting the family's nobility

          "Louis, by the grace of God, King of France and Navarre to all who
          shall see these presents, greeting. Let it be known that Étienne de
          Forcade, Squire, and Louis de Forcade, also Squire, son of the late
          Jean, uncle and nephew, have submitted a petition to our Court of
          Aids of Guyenne, 31 March 1656, and with it exposed that they are of
          noble birth, and that both they and their ancestors have lived nobly,
          borne arms in the service of the deceased kings our predecessors,
          had entered the Order of the Nobility of the Estates of our land of
          Béarn, from which they originate, held several offices and positions
          worthy of their [noble] quality, as do now also their children;
          however, certain enemies of the petitioners, of the aforesaid late
          Jean de Forcade, father of said Louis, having wanted to cast doubt
          on their noble quality, under the pretext that they presupposed
          that the other late Jean de Forcade, father of said Étienne and
          grandfather of said Louis, had committed some alleged act of
          dérogeance, the petitioners have appealed to us and have obtained
          letters of rehabilitation dated 11 July 1651.
           Following which, the petitioners, to prove their nobility, have,
          as a first piece of evidence, produced the last will and testament
          of Jean de Forcade, Squire, First Jurat of the town of Orthez, which
          proves he left various children, and, among others, Gaston de
          Forcade, married to Guionne de Couso, to whom he declared to have
          previously given, among other things, the Catsies tower, located on
          the [fortress] walls of Bordeaux, dated 21 July 1505…

          …Eighth, they have produced an investigation conducted in the town
          of Sauveterre in Béarn, by the authority of the elected officials of
          Guyenne, at the request of Jean de Forcade, Squire, Seigneur de
          Sauroux, first cousin of the petitioners, by which it is amply
          verified that their ancestors were genuine nobles, and as such have
          always held rank at the [Order of the Nobility of the] Estates of
          the land of Béarn…

          …And all things considered, our said Court, with the consent of the
          Attorney General, rightly upholds the requests and conclusions of
          the petitioners, has ordered and directed that the letters of
          rehabilitation obtained by them on the aforementioned day of
          10 July 1651, shall be recorded at the Registry of this Court on
          behalf of said Étienne and Louis de Forcade, and their children born
          and yet-to-be born of loyal marriage, [so that they shall] enjoy
          therewith and therefrom, in its form and content, the privileges,
          franchises, exemptions and immunities that are enjoyed by other
          nobles of our kingdom.[221]

The first great search for usurpers of noble titles (1666)

During the first grande recherche des usurpateurs des titres de noblesse, all members of the de Forcade family were summoned to prove their noble family lines. Among them:

The second great search for usurpers of noble titles (1696)

During the second grande recherche des usurpateurs des titres de noblesse, certain members of the de Forcade family were again summoned to prove their noble family lines. These included:

18th Century

18th Century Family Members

18th Century judgments and rulings affecting the family's nobility

In 1785, Étienne II. de Forcade, Seigneur de La Grézère applied for letters patent[273] to King Louis XVI of France to be maintained in his nobility, citing the July 1651 letters patent obtained by Étienne I. de Forcade. The King's genealogist in charge of the application, Berthier, sent the request to the Count of Vergennes with the following opinion:

          "...The judgment by Mr. Pellot against Mathieu de Forcade produced
          two effects… the first being that he can only be judged by the King
          himself, and the other being to deprive his descendants of the
          benefit of the declaration of 16 January 1714, which limits to 100 years
          the proofs of nobility, when it [i.e. the period of past nobility] was
          peaceful and without trouble. It follows that Monsieur de Forcade can
          invoke in his favor neither the 1714 declaration nor the judgments of
          Messieurs Dupuy and de Bezons of 29 July 1666 and 5 August 1697.
          There remains no other way for him succeed in his application than to
          trace his noble lineage to the time when his great-grandfathers would
          have carried noble titles, that is to say to the year 1560, and one does
          not see that he could promise success…It seems to be justice to
          observe that since 153 years its authors assumed noble qualifications,
          formed alliances either noble or notable, owned noble properties and
          enjoyed in their lands the consideration normally only accorded to
          those whose nobility is certain, and finally that his branch includes nine
          officers, of which one who died from wounds received in service. If
          these facts seem to the King to be points of consideration and could
          dispose His Majesty to treat Monsieur de Forcade indulgently…, it
          would suffice that His Majesty order the execution of the letters patent
          and the judgment ordering their registration, without regard to Monsieur
          Pellot's judgment and the dispensation of proof."[273]

That same year, Étienne obtained the letters patent he applied for, and he successfully passed further tests of nobility in order to obtain admission for two of his sons, René-Étienne and Jean-Gaston, to the Military Academy.[273]

19th Century

19th Century Family Members

21st Century

With the vast record collections of archives in France increasingly digitized and available for searching with text search tools, more and more records related to the family can be found.

From these records, it can be seen that not all noble family lines trace to Jean de Forcade in Orthez. Instead, some point to noble family lines in Pon and Monein, the location of Château Forcade, and the residence of Arnaud de Forcade, in the same period at the end of the 15th century.

The Forcades of Pon and Laruns

Based on the close family and marital relationships with the families d'Espalungue, de Beyrie, and others, the Forcades of Pon are believed to be the ancestors of the Forcades of Orthez, however no known document confirms this lineage.

Family members in Pon and Laruns

  1. Monicolo de Forcade, born before 1360, who is listed as the head of a household in the Census of 1385, from the hamlet of Pon near Laruns. The name of his spouse is unknown.
    1. Guilhem de Forcade, aka Guilhamolo de Forcade, who married before 23 October 1479, probably before 1440, with Miramonde de Salabert, aka Miramonde d'Espalungue after 29 January 1496, daughter of Johanet de Poey, aka Johanet de Salabert, Seigneur d'Espalungue, de Beyrie, d'Estussau, de Pelom, etc, and Mariou de Salabert de Baig.[275][276] In his testament dated 3 October 1520, Jean de Salabert, qualified simply as noble Johan, seigneur d'Espalungue, named two or three other de Forcades among the executors of his estate. Because of the historical value of this document, it was reproduced in its entirety.[277]

Chronology of historical sources in Pon and Laruns

          «Item mes, testa, ordena et dixo que constituere et lexaba per soos tes-
          tementers et ordeners et complidors de quest son testament et primo lo
          percurayre de la animes de nostre Daune d'Oloron, mossen Alarthoo Aves-
          que, de Salhent, mossen Ramon de Badie, de Beost, Arnaut de Forcade, son
          fray, mossen Dersizaas, mossen Bernat de Forcade, rector de Gabas,
          Arnaut deu Pcberer, Jacmes de Domec, aus quoaus pregue et lexa pregatz,
          per honor de Diu, que los plassie de prener lo carcq dequest présent son
          testament et de ly far complir, ausquoaus balha et lexa poder et facultat de
          crexer o amiemar so qui boo et vist los sera ; ...[277]

In English: "…Mister Ramon de Badie, from Béost, Arnaut de Forcade, his brother, … Mister Bernard de Forcade, Rector of Gabas…" In the absence of further evidence, experts are divided as to whether "…his brother…", as written here, is meant to mean Ramon de Badie (aka Raymond d'Abbadie), the preceding name, or to mean Jean de Salabert, Seigneur d'Espalungue, the subject and author of the testament.

The Forcades of Orthez

Coat of Arms: Pierre de Forcade, Seigneur de Baure, in Sainte-Suzanne and Salles-Mongiscard, circa 1697.[301]

17th century branches of the Forcades of Orthez[302] included Forcade d'Aragnon,[303] Forcade de Baure[304] and Forcade de Chantine.[305][306]

12th-14th Century family members

Census of 1385: noble Forcade households

The Census of 1385[26] ordered by Gaston Phoebus, lists family members in locations where they can still be found 300 or more years later. Orthez and Sainte-Suzanne were separated only by the Gave de Pau, with Orthez on the right bank and Sainte-Suzanne on the left bank. The two towns merged to form present day Orthez in 1972. From those that were in Orthez or its immediate vicinity.

While the Census of 1385 lists a number of Forcade households in and around Orthez, none of these households are identified as noble.

Census of 1385: other Forcade households

Census of 1388

The Census of 1388 lists ''…l'ostau de Forcade, de Ferrere pres Sente-Susane, loc franc et de gentiu…" (in Béarnese).[124][125][307]

The qualification of "…loc franc et de gentiu…", or "…a place free and gentilhomme…" confirms the place as benefiting from the exoneration of certain taxes and payments for apparent rights, and that the owner is a legitimate noble by birth, as opposed to by charge.[308]

15th Century family members

Under Louis XII (1462–1515), the family of Noble Jean I. de Forcade was among the most important families of Orthez,[12] because he possessed fiefs in Béarn[12] and Bordeaux,[12] including the Catsies (de Gassies) Tower,[12] constructed on the fortress walls of Bordeaux. In his testament dated 21 July 1505[1] he established his four male children, named in the following order, as his heirs: François, Gaston, Arnaud and Raymond. With regard to the distribution of his properties, he declared to have given, among other things, the Gassies Tower, to his second son, Gaston, already married to Guionne de Couso[127] aka Guionne de Cousseau[1] in 1505.[128]

  1. Noble Jean de Forcade[12] aka Jean I. de Forcade, Squire,[12] First Jurat[12] of Orthez, born about 1440 in Orthez, under the reign of Charles VII[12] and married under the reign of Louis XI[12] with Radegonde d'Ezpeleta.[1]
    1. François de Forcade.[127] Nothing is known.
    2. Gaston de Forcade,[127] born before 1480 in Orthez, married Guionne de Couso[127] aka Guionne de Cousseau[1] before 21 July 1505.[127][128] At least one son born from this marriage, Jean II. de Forcade, who carried on the family's lineage.[127]
      1. Jean II. de Forcade.[127] Most of the difficulty for all of the various family branches, as highlighted by authors of books on the topic of noble genealogies, results from this person, who, would have been born between 1500–25, but by some accounts was still alive in 1639. Facts resulting from 21st century research indicate that this is not one person, but instead two, a father and son with the same name.
    3. Arnaud de Forcade,[127] younger brother of Gaston de Forcade, is cited in Monenh (Monein) in 1496 and said to already owned properties in both Monein and Pau.[129]
    4. Raymond de Forcade,[127] the youngest son of Jean I. de Forcade, may have assumed the name Ramon de Badie (perhaps d'Abbadie), cited in the 11 December 1520 testament of Jean de Salabert[277] aka Johanet de Poey, whose daughter Miramonde de Salabert married Guilhem de Forcade, from Pon near Laruns.

16th-17th Century family members

By the second half of the 16th century, all Aquitaine above the Garonne except for Bordeaux was in Protestant hands. At that time, Orthez was the largest and most dynamic city of Béarn. It was a market town and served as the main funnel for products making their way to Bayonne for export. As such, it was quite wealthy. The Huguenots were therefore desirous of capturing this important and wealthy town.

By 15 August 1569, after a relentless siege, Gabriel de Montgomery had weakened Orthez greatly. The Battle of Orthez was fought during the French Wars of Religion, at Orthez on Wednesday 24 August 1569. Huguenot forces under the leadership of Gabriel de Montgomery defeated Royalist forces under General Terride in Navarre, capturing Orthez and massacring many of the imprisoned Catholics. A special death was contrived for the clergy; they were thrown to their deaths from the heights of Orthez's Old Bridge ("Le Pont-Vieux") over the Gave de Pau. In addition, the local Château Moncade was destroyed as well as the town’s churches and many homes.

The massacre at Orthez occurred three years to the day before the St. Bartholomew's Day massacre in Paris, which some historians suggest may have been a revenge killing for the massacre of Catholics in Orthez. In all, both events fit into the bigger picture of the French Wars of Religion.

As late as 1754, the quarter of Castérot was called "La Forcade Casterot".[309]

  1. Noble Daniel de Forcade, Seigneur de Chantine,[310] qualified simply as a lawyer in 1648, and his wife Damoiselle Barthélémie de Bonnecaze,[310] from which marriage: twins Étienne and Jean (1643), Marie (1645) and Jean (1648).
    1. Noble Étienne de Forcade, Seigneur de Chantine,[231][310] baptized 8 February 1643 at the Protestant Temple in Orthez, married with Marie de Majendie in the Protestant Temple in Baigts[311] on 20 January 1669,[311] From this marriage was born Pierre (1673), Jacques (1679) and Estienne (1681). The fief of Chantine is located the Magret quarter of Orthez and was created in 1655.[305][306]
  2. Noble Pierre de Forcade aka Pierre de Fourcade, born about 1615, married Damoiselle Jeanne de Touyaa aka Jeanne de Touzaa at the Protestant Temple in Orthez in October 1647. She was the daughter of Jacob de Touyaa and Jeanne de Ségalas, born about 1619 and died in February 1672. The couple baptized ten children, of which eight sons, from this marriage at the Protestant Temple in Orthez: Pierre aka Seigneur de Baure (1649), Jacob (1651), Daniel (1653), Barthélémie (1655), Goaillardine (1657), François (1659), Pierre (1662), Jean-Pierre (1664), Pierre (1666) and Jacob (1670).
    1. Noble Pierre de Forcade, Seigneur de Baure, baptized at the Protestant Temple in Orthez on 11 June 1649 and died after 1728. He was received into the Estates of Béarn in 1678[312] for the fief of Baure.[304] He married before 1679 with Damoiselle Catherine Aymée de Brosser de Herrère, and baptized four daughters at the Protestant Temple in Orthez between 1679-83: Jeanne (1679), Marie (1680), Marthe (1681) and Marthe Anne (1683).
    2. Noble Jacob de Forcade, Seigneur de Hitau, baptized at the Protestant Temple in Orthez on 5 February 1651 and married before 1678 with Damoiselle Marie de Romatet, baptized three children at the Protestant Temple in Orthez between 1678-81: Pierre (1678), Jeanne (1681) and Catherine (1684). At the baptism of the last child, he was qualified simply as a merchant, living in the quarter called Départ. There is no fief called Hitau anywhere in the Lower Pyrénées. There is however a fief called Lahitte in Sallespisse, in Orthez.
  3. Noble Pierre de Forcade, Seigneur de d'Aragnon, who is mentioned as a godparent together with Damoiselle Jeanne de Casenave, at the baptism of Jeanne de Fourcade in 1679, daughter of Noble Pierre de Fourcade, Seigneur de Baure and his wife Damoiselle Catherine de Brosser Baure. He was received into the Estates of Béarn in 1678[312] for the fief of Aragnon[303] in Sainte-Suzanne.

Pierre de Forcade, Seigneur de Baure provided a declaration for the Château de Baure and all of its outbuildings,[304] in communes of Sainte-Suzanne and Salles-Mongiscard, to the Chambre des Comptes of Navarre in Pau on 1 March 1683.[313] The fief of Baure was a dependence of the Bailiwick of Larbaig and was within the Viscounty of Béarn.[304] It was not listed on the Census of 1385.

Pierre de Forcade provided a declaration for the lands and the seigneurie d'Argagnon[303] (sic) in Sainte-Suzanne, to the Chambre des Comptes of Navarre in Pau on 1 March 1683.[241] The fief of Aragnon was a dependence of the Bailiwick of Larbaig and was within the Viscounty of Béarn.)[303] In the Census of 1385[26] …loc deu Aranhoo counted 14 fires (feux)[303]

How family branches link to Orthez

All noble branches of the Forcade family in this article claim a common lineage from the noble Forcade family of Orthez, where the family is recorded as early as the 12th century.

Much has been written in books about the first two of the preceding branches of the Forcade family. These genealogical texts typically focus directly or indirectly on proving their lineage from a family member in Orthez, either by drawing upon letters patent that were issued, the opinions issued by royal genealogists or from the decisions and judgments of judicial entities. Much less has been written about the third of the preceding branches, or about the Forcades of Orthez themselves. Whereas the first two branches were required at various times throughout history to prove their lineage from the family in Orthez, many generations or several hundred years earlier, the third branch and the core of the family, who are essentially one and the same, had little difficulty proving their lineage. During the 17th century, the third branch and the core of the family were still geographically situated in or near Orthez and Pau.

Bourrousse de Laffore made the unproven and unsourced claim that the first of the three preceding branches descend from a Noble Odet de Forcade.[258] Both he and Chaix d'Est-Ange alleged, without citing sources, that the latter two branches both descend from Noble Gaston de Forcade.[1][127] Neither could not identify the ancestry of the third branch.

Early attempts to link branches failed

Chaix d'Est-Ange and other early genealogists and authors not only complained about problems with each others' published works regarding the Forcade family, they also published erroneous, incomplete and unsourced information in their own works in trying to substantiate the family's nobility and disprove each other. Although they were supposed to cite concrete, if not irrefutable, proof of lineage and ancestry in their published works, it was neither they nor their published works that determined the Forcade family's nobility. They simply reported it.

The King's own genealogist determined the legitimacy of each claim by reviewing both the claimant's documentation and the information already collected in his archives from previous letters patent for the Forcade family. After reviewing both new documentation and archive material, he submitted his opinion to the King regarding the issuance of new letters patent. After letters patent were issued by the King, a mandatory second step was to have them recognized and registered by the responsible court. In the case of the Forcade family, the responsible court was the Court of Aids of Guyenne. Once the court recognized the letters patent, a public decree was issued, providing the final legitimacy.

Whereas Chaix d'Est-Ange and other authors may not have the documentary evidence they wanted when publishing their works, the King's genealogist, the Court of Aids of Guyenne and the Intendant of Guyenne responsible for the search for usurpers of noble titles and the reconfirmation of true nobles, each did consider they had sufficient documentary evidence to justify their decisions, based on documents individuals submitted and documents in archives from prior letters patent.

The central document in the Forcade family's claim to nobility is a copy of the 1505 testament from Noble Jean I. de Forcade naming his four sons as his heirs. In each case, the problems originated with branch members who could demonstrate their lineage from their branch's earliest verifiable author, but they faced difficulties proving the earliest verifiable author's lineage from one of the four sons named in the testament.

The problem for each branch was further complicated by the fact that their direct ancestor, invariably named as Jean de Forcade, in the line between the four sons named in the testament and their branch author, had been stripped of his nobility for a dérogeance committed in the early 17th century.

Chaix d'Est-Ange and other authors who focused on the 1505 testament considered the time gap between the births between 1470 and 1490 of the four sons named in the testament and the death of this Jean de Forcade about 1555 as too long to be credible.

Chronology of historical sources

Although 19th century genealogists and historians had difficulty linking the family's branches, historical sources now available point to one common ancestor shared by all branches, Jean de Laforcade, Seigneur de La Fitte, born in the first quarter of the 16th century. Circumstantial evidence in the 17th century tends confirm this shared ancestry.

Chronology of circumstantial evidence

The Forcades of Pau: sieurs de Lafitte, sieurs de Biaix

The Fief of Lafitte

The domaine of Lafitte[331] ("La Fite") was a vassal of the Viscounty of Béarn[332] situated in Pau. It was first cited in the territory reform of Béarn in 1538[332] and was given to Arnaud de Forcade by Jeanne d'Albret, Queen Regnant of Navarre, at an unknown date during her reign, "…before all the disorder of war in the province of Béarn began…",[333] following her prohibition of the Catholic religion and her seizing of all ecclesiastical assets in Béarn on 2 October 1569.[334]

This inner part of the old city was called Borguet Mayor[335] (1487) or Borc Mayor. The name applied to the quarter of Pau delimited to the west by the Château de Pau and to the east by the Place Gassion, where the fortress walls of Pau once stood. Access to this quarter was only permitted, at the time, through two gates, one at the end of the Côte du Moulin and the other situated at the far end of the Rue de la Préfecture (present day "Rue Maréchal-Joffre"), called the Portail du Bascou aka the Portail de l'Horloge. The name was replaced with that of Clausion de la Ville[336][337] ("the City's Enclosure") from 1507–87, then with the official designation of l'Enclos de la Ville[338][339] ("the City's Enclosure") from 1598-1659.[340]

The location of "Lafitte" was in the very heart of the old city, near the Château de Pau, and is identified as being immediately adjacent to what was the main entrance to Pau, the Portail de l'Horloge[341] (in English, the "Clock Gate"), aka the Portail du Bascou, aka the Porte du Basque,[342] that was rebuilt in 1552[343] and destroyed in 1713. A quote from French, translated into English, reads: "…There was another gate on the Rue de Morlaàs between the houses Camgrand (sic) and Lafitte, called the Clock Gate, which was destroyed many years hence, and because the city grew considerably, other entrances were created…".[343] This was also the entrance to Pau for those arriving from the suburb of La Fontaine.

The precise location of Lafitte is believed to have been in the Rue Sully,[344][345] that was called the Rue du Honset in 1693, and had previously been called the Rue du Castetmenou.[346][347][348] At an unknown date after 1693, the Rue du Honset was again renamed to Rue de Camgrand, after the house de Camgran,[349][350] situated on the other side of the Clock Gate.

Because Raymond de Forcade came to Pau from Monein, it is interesting to note that there was another fief called "Lafitte",[332] ("L'ostau de Lafiite") in the Census of 1385,[351] in Monein[332] that was also a vassal of the Viscounty of Béarn, with its seat at the Château Lafitte,[10] originally built in the 14th century, the same town where the Château Forcade[10] is also located. Château-Forcade (alias Lahourcade) was also once the name of a separate hamlet that has since been merged into the commune of Monein. Monein is located midway between Orthez and Pau.

There was also a noble fief by the same name, "Lahitte",[9] ("Lafiitte") in the Census of 1385,[64] in Sallespisse, present day Orthez.

Forcade-Lafitte family members

Nobles and Seigneurs de Lafitte[343] (La Fitte) and de Lafitte-Juson (La Fitte de Juson), soldiers and lawyers, high-ranking financial officers on the Chambre des Comptes of Navarre in Pau, the King's prosecutors, counsellors to the Kings of Navarre on both their Conseil Souvereign and their Conseil privé.

This branch includes among its representatives a Maréchal de camp, an attorney general of the Chancery, a judge at the Seneschal level, the predecessors of the Parliament of Navarre, a General Treasurer of Navarre, a Treasurer of the King and Queen of Navarre in their County of Armagnac, a President of the Chambre des Comptes of Navarre, a Director of the Mint in Pau,[174][175] a Deputy for the Estates of Béarn at the General Assembly of the Reformed Church of France in Saumur in 1611, a Commissioner to Spain appointed by Queen Regent of France to negotiate peace (1612–14), and a Commissioner appointed by Louis XIII of France to implement the negotiated peace treaty (1615).

  1. Noble Raymond de Forcade (born after 1480; died c. 1533–35 in Pau), Lawyer in Monein and, after 1531, Jurat[352] in Pau. Married with Catherine du Paysaa (died before 27 December 1553 in Pau).[353][354]
    1. Noble Arnaudt de Forcade, Seigneur de La Fitte (born after 1505; died c. 1572), Maréchal, Lawyer in Pau. There are no further mentions of him in Pau after May 1571 and the property Lafitte is acquired by his son around the time of the St. Bartholomew's Day massacre in 1572.
      1. Noble Jean de Laforcade, Seigneur de La Fitte, aka Jean Laforcade, Seigneur de Lafitte,[315][316] aka Jean Lafourcade,[318][319] aka Jean II. de Forcade (c. 1525–1590), lawyer,[318] General Treasurer of the King and Queen of Navarre in their County of Armagnac (Trésorier général pour les roi et reine de Navarre en leur comté d'Armagnac)[318][319] in 1556-57, General Treasurer of Navarre (Trésorier général de Navarre) in 1580,[323] Counsellor to the King on his Conseil ordinaire (Conseil d'État),[324] President of Finance (Président aux Comptes) on 4[324] or 14[325] September 1586, and was installed in this office on 20 October 1586,[326] awarded a pension of 300 livres for his position as First President of the Chambre des Comptes of Navarre, a role for which he had only 200 livres of compensation.[327] Appointed President of the Chambre des Comptes of Navarre in 1589.[328] Died during his term in office, shortly before 8 January 1590.[329] On 27 August 1591,[330] a pension in the amount of 100 écus in gold[330] was established by the Chambre des Comptes of Navarre in favor of his widow, Damoiselle Loyse d'Aboval,[330] for the services rendered by her husband.
        1. Jean de Laforcade, Seigneur de La Fitte-Juson,[355] aka Jean de La Fourcade, aka Jean de Lafourcade, aka Jean Lafourcade (c. 1555–c. 1639), Lawyer, son[328] of the preceding Noble Jean de Laforcade, Seigneur de La Fitte. Attorney General of the Chancery of Navarre in Pau (1589[328]-1594)[356] Counsellor on the Conseil Souverain of Navarre and Béarn (1594[357]-1609),[358] Counsellor at the Criminal Court of Béarn ("Conseiller à la Chambre criminelle") (1595),[359] Attorney in charge of Impounds ("Maître de Fourrière") for Catherine de Navarre (1596[360]-1599),[361] Attorney in charge of Petitions ("Maître des requêtes") (1599[362]-1606),[363] Judge the Seneschalty of Sauveterre (1606)[364] Deputy for the Estates of Béarn at the General Assembly of the Reformed Church of France in Saumur (1611), one of the three Commissioners to Spain to conclude a peace treaty following the fighting in the Aldudes mountain in Lower Navarre (Autumn 1612), one of the five Commissioners for the implementation of the peace treaty for the Aldudes[365] (1615), and the King's prosecutor in Oloron[366] (1619–1626).[367] At least one highly-reputed 19th century genealogist, Bourrousse de Laffore, referred to him as "…one of the most important men in Béarn…".[368] He married a daughter of the Seigneur de Barbuscan,[369] at the time Jehan de Lucmajour, after 1576.
          1. Pierre de Laforcade,[198][216][370] aka Pierre de Forcade[367] (before 1578–after 1656),[371] Lawyer,[174] Lawyer at the Parliament of Navarre,[198][216][370] Jurat[367] in Pau (1626), and Garde en la monnaie de Pau[174] (1622[174][372]–56)[371][373][374][375][376][377] and Général des monnaies de Navarre (1634).[378] He married with Marie de Maserolles before 1601, then again with Jeanne de Pargade[198] before 1627. His grandson, Jean de Forcade, Seigneur de Biaix is the founder of the Forcade-Biaix family line.
            1. Pierre de Forcade, aka Pierre de Laforcade, son of Pierre de Forcade, studied at the Royal College of Orthez, where in 1614[379] and 1617[380] he received scholarships as a Protestant student from the Chambre des Comptes of Navarre for books and clothing.
            2. Isacq de Forcade (born before 1601), from Boeil, son of Pierre de Forcade, is recorded as Laforcade, Garde en la monnaie de Morlaàs in 1634.[381] He married with Marie de Bordes, from Nay, daughter of Pierre de Bordes, Lawyer and Special Prosecutor for the District of Nay, and his wife, Marie de Foron, by notarized contract at the Notary Nicolas de Lavie in Nay on 26 March 1624.[382] This contract also instituted Isacq de Forcade as his father's sole heir. The bridegroom was assisted by his parents, both from Boeil, Jean du Faur de Bordères and Pierre de la Vigne, their son-in-laws, and Peyroton de Vignau their cousin. The bride was assisted by her father, the Lawyer Pierre de Foron and Arnaud Peyre, her father's brother-in-laws, and other family and friends.
              1. Pierre de Forcade,[383][384] aka Pierre de Laforcade[385] (c. 1621–1657), Lawyer, First Jurat[385] of Pau, aged about 35 years, died on 21 January 1657, was buried in the church (sic) of the Pénitents Bleus,[386] in St. Martin's church in Pau.[385][387]
              2. Jean de Forcade, Seigneur de Biaix (before 1635–1684).
          2. Jean de Forcade, Seigneur de Saint-Genest (died Between 1653-56). Together, he and his son are the founders of the elder branch, the sieurs de Saint-Genest and sieurs de Caubeyran.
          3. Étienne I. de Forcade (died Shortly after 1656). Together, he and his sons are the founders of the cadet branch, the sieurs de La Grézère and sieurs de La Roquette, as well as the sieurs de Biaix, the sieurs de Baure and a few other lesser known and shorter lived branches in Béarn.
          4. An unnamed son who carried on both the family name and the responsibilities of being the King's Prosecutor (Procureur du roi) in Oloron, as evidenced by the coat of arms registered in the Armorial de Béarn in 1697.[388]
          5. Marie de Laforcade (died Before 19 January 1609) who married Noble Jean de Minvielle, Seigneur du Domecq de Dognen, between 1605 and 1606.[363]
          6. Judith de Laforcade, who married Samuel Du Jac, Minister in Anoye, in 1599.[361]

Forcade-Lafitte chronology

"…The Queen had donated a site at an earlier date, adjoining the main gate to Pau, in favor of Maréchal Arnaud de Forcade, before all the trouble began in the province, but because the letters of donation and the details concerning the advantages and disadvantages were lost due to the disorder of the time period, the aforesaid de Forcade would, in 1571, again represent the preceding to Her Majesty, and obtained from her, as required, that the aforementioned site was again given to him in exchange for an annual charge of 20 sous tournois, which had been the conditions of the first donation, as evidenced by the words narrated on the letters patent delivered 18 May 1571 that the Chambre des Comptes of Navarre verified immediately afterward.[393]

          "…But for the disillusioned, if they still had any doubt in this
          regard, we will report to them that on 20 February 1635, after the
          reestablishment of the Catholic religion in this province, eight
          devout important figures from this city, commendable for their
          piety, conceived a plan to [re]establish a brotherhood of Blue
          Penitents under the patronage of Saint-Jerome and under the same
          rules and articles of incorporation observed by several
          brotherhoods established in the main cities of the Kingdom, and
          in advance of permission that would be requested by them from
          Monsignor the Bishop of Lescar, the names of these founders are
          Messieurs d’Aidius, First Jurat of Pau, Pardies, also Jurat,
          Laforcade, Puyou, Boyer, Laplace, Saint-Orens and Betbeder,
          inhabitants of this city; the petition was presented to Monsignor
          the Bishop on 25 February 1635. They attached to this petition
          the articles of incorporation that they procured and they
          requested permission to establish and set up this brotherhood
          under the patronage of Saint-Jerome. Based on the articles they
          produced, Monsignor the Bishop ordained on the petition that the
          priest of the city of Pau should read them, and thus they would
          effectively be shown to him, the reestablishment was granted."[413]

          "…On 9 December 1653, were assembled in the City Hall, Messieurs
          de Forcade, de Puyo, de Bordes and de Four, Jurats, de Loyard,
          de Gillot, de Capdeville, de Casso, de Juge, Despruets and de
          Rebatut, Deputies, to review the application presented by Bernard
          de Lostau, a native son of the present city, stating that in recent
          years he attended to teaching children the Reformed Protestant
          religion, together with the late fr:Maître Jacob de Capderey, with
          all the care that was possible for him to give…(Signed:) Laforcade,
          Jurat."[414]

          "…Everything forthwith, the said de Lostau having been summoned,
          we proceeded with his evaluation, making him write and perform
          various arithmetic calculations, whereupon, having satisfied all
          of the assembly, he was judged capable of exercising the said
          responsibility of regent; and a reading having been made to him
          of the said conditions, he was received, preceding an oath taken
          by him to duly and well fulfill the said responsibility of regent…
          (Signed:) Laforcade, Jurat; Lostau."[415][416]

The Fief of Biaix

The etymology of the word Biaix[423] has its roots in the Catalonian language and means oblique or biais, in the sense of not expressed or done in a direct way or deviates from the expected according to the laws of probability or physics. The only family known to have carried this patronym prior to Jean de Forcade de Biaix was that of Pierre de Biaix, ambassador of the King of Navarre to Paris and to Brussels (1516), secular Parson of Monein and of Pau, secular Abbot of Lucq (abbé laïc de Lucq), elected Bishop of Aire (évèque élu d'Aire) 1523-26, Chancellor of Foix and Béarn, Chancellor of Navarre and ambassador of Navarre to Spain.[13]

The Seigneur of the noble house of Biaix paid a tax of 4 feus for the period ending 12 January 1549.[424]

Noble Jean de Forcade, Seigneur de Rontignon,[13] purchased the noble house of Biaix in Pau on 28 February 1659[425][426] from Gratian de Turon, Seigneur de Beyrie,[425] for 6,000 Bordeaux livres[425] and was admitted to the Order of Nobility of the Estates of Béarn as Seigneur de Biaix[13] on 10 June 1659.[13]

The noble house of Biaix in the city of Pau and another house located on the outskirts of the city, were simultaneously ennobled on 20 September 1521, by letters of Henry II, King of Navarre, for Pierre de Biaix, then Chancellor of Foix and Béarn.

The exact location of Biaix is believed to have been in the Rue Sully,[344][345] what was, in 1693, the Rue du Honset, earlier called the Rue du Castetmenou (Casteigmenor),[347] immediately next to the Hôtel de Gassion,[427] belonging to the President of the Chambre des Comptes of Navarre in Pau, and referred to as the Hôtel de Casaux or Hôtel de Cazaux, after the owners at the time.[346][348] The de Gassion[428] and Hôtel de Casaux were valued by the City of Pau in 1693 at 12,000 and 7,0000 livres respectively.[348] Sometime after 1693, the Rue du Honset was again renamed to Rue du Camgran, after the house de Camgran[429] which was situated on the other side of the Clock Gate to Pau from the house la Fitte, which was also earlier a domaine of the Forcade family. The "former Hôtel Cazaux" (i.e. Biaix) was demolished,[430] on which site the new church of St. Martin de Pau was then built, a little to the east of the old church of St. Martin de Pau starting in 1863. The old St. Martin de Pau was demolished in 1885.

Although there are references to his son, also named Jean de Forcade de Biaix, as the "Marquis de Biaix", in some Prussian sources published between 1788-1837, there is no evidence that either father or son was ever a Marquis. The noble fief of Biaix in the city of Pau was not a "marquisate".

Under intimidation from the policy of harassment of religious minorities through the use of dragonnades, created in 1681, to intimidate Huguenots into converting to Catholicism or to leave France, and under the threat of confiscation of properties of nobles who did not convert, both Jean de Forcade de Biaix and his eldest son, Isaac de Forcade de Biaix, abjured from Protestantism,[425] therewith maintaining possession of Biaix. Following his death in 1684,[425] the property and the right to enter the Order of Nobility of the Estates of Béarn was passed to Isaac de Forcade de Biaix[425][431] (Seigneur de Biaix 1684-1737).[425]

In turn, following his death in 1737, the property and the right to enter the Order of Nobility of the Estates of Béarn was passed to his eldest son, Jean-Jacob de Forcade de Biaix, Seigneur de Biaix (1738[425]-?), before the noble family line of Forcade-Biaix in Pau is thought to have extinguished.

After various viscitudes of fortune, the second smaller house on the outskirts of Pau, referred to as Biaix du faubourg, in the suburb of la Fontaine, acquired with the main fief on 28 February 1659,[13] was acquired from the family de Casaus on 10 May 1710 by Noé Dufau, merchant furbisher, who was received in the Order of Nobility of the Estates of Béarn on 28 April 1717 as Seigneur de Biaix du faubourg. Noé Dufau died in 1739 and bequeathed it back to his niece and Goddaughter, Jean-Jacob de Forcade de Biaix' daughter, Marie-Jeanne de Forcade, Dame de Biaix, who later married Pierre de Casamajor.[425] This property had a value of 20 livres in the 23 December 1693 estimation of house values by the City of Pau.[346][432]

Because Biaix was first acquired by Jean de Forcade in 1659, any reference to parents or grandparents in this family line with de Biaix as a part of the name is in error.

Forcade-Biaix family members

Forcade-Biaix Coat of Arms, Westphalia Branch, date unknown, pre-1900
Forcade-Biaix Coat of Arms,[433][434] Silesia Branch, date unknown, pre-1900
Forcade-Biaix Coat of Arms, Prussian Branch, circa 1820

Coat of Arms: An escutcheon with the field divided into four parts. Left half: argent tincture with a lion gules holding a sinople eradicated oak tree between its paws; azure tincture charged with three mullets or; Right half: argent tincture with a gules castle with three towers; sinople tincture charged with three roses argent below it. A Grafenkrone (Count's coronet) as helmut on top of the escutcheon, crested with an or fleur-de-lis. Two or lions supporting the escutcheon. Motto: "In Virtute Pertinax".

Heraldic symbolism: The lion symbolizes courage; the eradicated oak tree symbolizes strength and endurance; the towers are symbols of defense and of individual fortitude; the mullets (5-star) symbolizes divine quality bestowed by god; the rose is a symbol of hope and joy; the fleur-de-lis is the floral emblem of France; the coronet is a symbol of victory, sovereignty and empire. A count's coronet to demonstrate rank and because the family originally served the counts of Foix and Béarn during the English Wars of the late Middle Ages.

Nobles, Gentlemen and Seigneurs de Biaix (in Béarn and Prussia). The founder of the branch was a Forcade de Rontignon for a short period prior to acquiring Biaix.

The Forcade-Biaix in Pau, were Legislators at the Parliament of Navarre, Presidents of the Chambre des Comptes of Navarre (the Court of Auditors) and officers of the Mint in Pau. This branch of the family and their ancestors were Protestant from the time of the Reformation in France until 1684. Two of the fourteen known children, one male and one female, emigrated to Prussia in 1683. The founder of the family line and his eldest son converted back to Catholicism following the Dragonnades and the Edict of Fontainebleau. What happened to the other children is a matter of speculation.

The early generations of the Forcade-Biaix[435] family line, as well as their immediate direct ancestors, had close alliances in marriage, property and careers, in particular on the Parliament of Navarre and its financial branches, such as the Chambre des Comptes of Navarre (the Court of Auditors), in Pau, dating back to the early 16th century, with the families d'Abbadie, (de Badie), de Bordes, de Casamajor, d'Espalungue and d'Espalungue, Barons d'Arros, de Gassion,[436] de Lons, Counts de Sanson, de Navailles and de Salies. These names appear and reappear together in notarial acts and parish records related to the family from the 15th-17th centuries.

The history of the Forcade-Biaix branch is complicated by the publication of false information concerning its origins in several affluent publications on the topic of nobility in Prussia and Europe. The first known publication of such information was in 1767,[437] about 80 years after immigration in Prussia. The same information was reproduced in various forms in publications during the first half of the 19th century. One can only speculate if the information was knowingly furnished as false, or if it was the innocent result of confusing names that had been handed down verbally from two earlier generations already deceased. Claims published in the same publications that they held the rank of Marquis were, however, deliberately false.

The Forcade-Biaix family name was still represented in France in 1874 in the person of Edmond-Hector de Forcade-Biaix, a property owner in Dunkerque.[438] It was claimed, without citations, that the Forcade-Biaix name and branch extinguished in France in 1922.[13]

  1. Noble Jean de Forcade, Seigneur de Biaix (died 1684), Huissier at the Parliament of Navarre (1644[439]-62),[440][441] Fermier des monnaies de Béarn et Navarre (Lessee of the Mints of Béarn and Navarre). Jean de Forcade was admitted to the Order of Nobility of the Estates of Béarn as Seigneur de Rontignon.[13][442] on 30 August 1658.[13] With his purchase of Biaix[231][443][444] in 1659, he is the founder of the Forcade-Biaix family line. He was subsequently received into the Order of Nobility of the Estates of Béarn as Seigneur de Biaix[13][222] on 10 June 1659.[13] He was the son of Isacq de Forcade and his wife Marie de Bordes. He married with Madeleine de Lanne (died after 1688)[445] at the Protestant Temple in Morlaàs on 23 December 1659, with a notarized post-nuptial contract[446] at the Notary Jean d'Agoeix in Pau on 12 February 1660. From this marriage were born at least 13 children, including: Isaac (1660), Sophie Philippine (1661–1730), Jean (1663), Marie (1662–1732),[447][448]) Magdelaine (1668), Abraham (1670), Armand (1671), Marthe (1673-1731[449][450]), Pierre (1673), Marthe (1676), Paul (1677–1705),[451][452] Henri (1678) and Anne (1682).
    1. Noble Isaac de Forcade, Seigneur de Biaix[453] (1659-1737[454][455]), Lawyer,[456] Jurat[457] in Pau, Lawyer at the Parliament of Navarre, member of the "Confraternity of the Blue Penitents" ("Conférie dite des Pénitents bleus") in Pau,[458][459][460] then Assistant Prior[461][462][463] and finally Prior[461][464] of it. Following his father's death, he was received into the Estates of Béarn in 1684 as the Seigneur de Biaix.[465] Isaac de Forcade, Seigneur de Biaix married three times. With his first wife, Adriane de Lafite, he had one daughter, Marie (1683). With his second wife, Jeanne de Seris, he is known to have one daughter, Madelaine (1688). With his third wife, Magdeleine-Claire de Lalanne (died 1714),[466][467] he is known to have had at least three more daughters and one son, among them: Jean-Jacob (About 1694), who follows, Catherine (1697–1725),[468][469] Marthe Catherine (1703) and Catherine (1707-1777.[470])[471] Another son, Joseph de Forcade, from one of the marriages, was the priest in the Catholic parish of Pardies in 1741 and 1743.[472][473][474]
      1. Noble Jean-Jacob de Forcade, Seigneur de Biaix (1694–1743),[474][475] Lawyer[476] and Legislator at the Parliament of Navarre, who married with Dame Jeanne de Dufau (1691–1741)[472][473] about 1715.[476] At least four children were born from this marriage, including: Catherine (1719), Pierre Jacob (1723–1724),[477] Marie-Thérèse (1727) and Marie-Jeanne (died 1765), who married with Messire Pierre de Casamajor, Counsellor at the Parliament of Navarre on 17 May 1741.[476][478]
        1. Marthe-Catherine de Forcade, Dame de Biaix[453][479][480] (1703–1777), wife of Henri III. d'Espalungue, Baron d'Arros, Co-Seigneur de Saint-Abit et Seigneur de Minvielle autrement Galan d'Asson.
    2. Jean de Forcade de Biaix aka Johann Quirin von Forcade de Biaix (1663–1729), a Huguenot, Noble Lieutenant General in the service of Kingdom of Prussia, Regimentschef of the 23rd Prussian Infantry Regiment, Commandant of the Royal Residence in Berlin during the reign of King Frederick William I of Prussia, Gouverneur militaire of Berlin and Knight of the Order of the Black Eagle.
      1. Friedrich Wilhelm Quirin von Forcade de Biaix (1698–1765), Prussian Lieutenant General, Regimentschef of the 23rd Prussian Infantry Regiment, recipient of the Kingdom of Prussia's highest military order of merit for heroism, Knight of the Order of Pour le Mérite (1746), Knight of the Order of the Black Eagle, Canon of Havelberg, Castellan of Neuenrade in the County of Mark, Lord Seneschalty of Zinna, President of the Ober-Collegium Sanitatis in Berlin and Lieutenant Governor of Breslau.
        1. Friedrich Wilhelm von Forcade de Biaix (ca. 1729-1778), Prussian Colonel, Schwadronschef (Rittmeister) of the 2nd Grenadier Company in the 24th Prussian Infantry Regiment, acting Regimentschef of the 24th Prussian Infantry Regiment, recipient of the Kingdom of Prussia's highest military order of merit, Knight of the Order of Pour le Mérite (1774).
        2. Georg Friedrich Wilhelm von Forcade de Biaix (1746–1811), Prussian Major in Frederick the Great's 1st Prussian Hussar Regiment.
          1. Friederich Georg Leopold von Forcade de Biaix (1793–1831), who married with Anna Maria Freiin von Krane zu Matena (1788–1884) and had two sons and one daughter, including Christoph Ernst Friedrich, Clothilde von Forcade de Biaix.
            1. Christoph Ernst Friedrich von Forcade de Biaix (1821–1891), German Rittergut owner, Judge in the District Court of Bochum, Appellate Court Judge in Hamm, Supreme Court Judge in Berlin and Member of Parliament in the German Reichstag.
        3. Friedrich Heinrich Ferdinand Leopold von Forcade de Biaix (1747–1808), retired Prussian Lieutenant Colonel, recipient of the Kingdom of Prussia's highest military order of merit for heroism, Knight of the Order of Pour le Mérite (1791), Castellan of Neuenrade in the County of Mark.
          1. Friedrich Wilhelm Leopold Konstantin Quirin von Forcade de Biaix (1784–1840), Herr of Schleibitz, Hamm, Groß-Naedlitz and Loslau, Prussian Major, Knight of the Iron Cross 2nd Class for his heroic actions defending the so-called Red House at Strehlen near Dresden against a vastly superior enemy during the Battle of Dresden on 26 August 1813, Knight of the Order of St. John Bailiwick of Brandenburg (1817), Royal Prussian Chamberlain, and Castellan of Neuenrade in the County of Mark.
            1. Amalie Wilhelmine Henriette Ernestine Bianca von Forcade de Biaix (1811–1880), married 17 January 1832 at Krakowahne Castle in Silesia with Heinrich Sylvius Friedrich Adolf von Randow, Herr of Pangau (1807–1859), Prussian Captain in the Artillery and a professional engineer (railways), who emigrated in 1853 to Brazil.
          2. Wilhelm Friedrich Erdmann Ferdinand von Forcade de Biaix (1786–1816), Imperial Russian Army Lieutenant, Adjutant to Imperial Russian Army Infantry General Loggin Ossipovitch Rot ("von Roth"), recipient of the Kingdom of Prussia's highest military order of merit, Knight of the Order of Pour le Mérite (1814).
          3. Friedrich Wilhelm Ferdinand Ernst Heinrich von Forcade de Biaix (1787–1835), Prussian Major, Commandant of the 10th Prussian Division's Garrison Company, Knight of the Iron Cross 2nd Class.
      2. Isaac Quirin von Forcade de Biaix[453] (1702–1775), Prussian Lieutenant Colonel, Hofmarschall with the 18th Prussian Infantry Regiment, recipient of Prussia's highest military order of merit for heroism, Knight of the Order of Pour le Mérite (1742).

The principal alliances of this branch of the family were de Maserolles, de Lavigne, de Faur de Bordères, de Bordes, de Lanne (1659), Renoir (1687), de Seris, de Lalanne (1694), Baronne von Honstedt, from the house of Erdeborn (1697), de Gleveau, du Dufau, Jacquet, Baronne de Saint-Hippolyte (1727), d'Espalungue, Baron d'Arros, Seigneur de Minvielle et de Galan d'Asson (1727), Roux, Cantenius, de Casamajor (1741), von Eickstedt, von Prittwitz und Gaffron from the house of Lortzendorf, Lebrecht von Lattorff (1756), Baron Löw von und zu Steinfurth (1775), Lipelius, von Koschembahr und Skorkau from the house of Ossen (1782), Hindenberg, Baronne von Krane zu Matena, Baronne von Romberg, Count von Flemming, von Poser und Groß-Naedlitz from the house of Peuke (1804), Zinnow (1808), von Neumann and von Randow (1832).

Forcade-Biaix chronology

Forcade, sieurs de Caubeyran, de La Grézère, de La Roquette

Coat of Arms: D'or with a dextrochère of carnation, gules armored arm, moving from the lower side of the shield holding a gules épée, topped with two gules bulls, one above the other, the lower bull no longer having his head, which appears to have been cut with the edge of the épée. A Count's coronet as helmut on top of the escutcheon, Two or lions supporting the escutcheon.

Nobles, Gentlemen, Squires and Seigneurs de La Grézère, de La Roquette, de Caubeyran,[369] de Saint-Genest (sic) de Saint-Genès, de Lastranenq, de Sauroux, de la Tour-Catsies, de Romatet, de la Bassane, etc.,[11] this branch belongs to the nobility of Guyenne.

The lineage of this branch of the family from Gaston de Forcade, son of Jean I. de Forcade, Squire and First Jurat in Orthez, who notarized his testament on 21 July 1505, is legally proven in the judgment of 27 March 1656[181] or 27 May 1656,[128][180] by the Court of Aids (the Court of Appeals) of Guyenne in Libourne. This judgment was repeatedly upheld, leaving no legal question as to the family's lineage from the noble family of Forcade in Orthez during the 15th century. It reads, in summary:

          …And all things considered, our said Court, with the consent of the
          Attorney General, rightly upholds the requests and conclusions of
          the petitioners, has ordered and directed that the letters of
          rehabilitation obtained by them on the aforementioned day of
          10 July 1651, shall be recorded at the Registry of this Court on
          behalf of said Étienne and Louis de Forcade, and their children born
          and yet-to-be born of loyal marriage, [so that they shall] enjoy
          therewith and therefrom, in its form and content, the privileges,
          franchises, exemptions and immunities that are enjoyed by other
          nobles of our kingdom.[221]

Elder Branch: sieurs de Saint-Genest, de Caubeyran

The seigneurie de Saint-Genès is located in the commune of Montagnac-sur-Auvignon, near Nérac, in the Brulhois. The manor of Caubeyran in the hamlet of Montclaris, in Sigalens was built during the reign of Henry IV of France, in the 16th century, by a Captain Jean de Forcade, who married a daughter of the Seigneur de Barbuscan, at the time Jehan de Lucmajour, after 1576. The two families were members of court of the Albret family, the rulers of Lower Navarre. Forcade descendants still owned the property in 1828.

Coat of Arms: Étienne de Forcade, Seigneur de Laubeiran, (sic) Squire, in the city of Casteljaloux, circa 1697.[501]
Coat of Arms: The Province of Béarn 1697.[502]
  1. Jean de Forcade, Seigneur de Saint-Genest[180] (died 1653-56), Squire, son of Jean de Forcade,[128] born at the beginning of the 17th century. He was reestablished in his nobility in July 1651,[128] or, on 13 June 1655,[181] through letters of rehabilitation from King Louis XIV of France,[128] while serving in the naval infantry regiment of Candale in Guyenne. He married Noble Marie de Laurière, Damoiselle de Moncaut about 1630 and died before 27 May 1656.[128] Marie's father, Joseph de Laurière, Baron de Montcaut, in the Brulhois, made a notarized contract of sale in her favor after his death, for a noble smallholding in the jurisdiction of Galapian on 21 November 1657. When she submitted her inventory of assets for the smallholding of de Martet, separate from those of the seigneurie de Galapian, to the Trésorier de France on 23 November 1670, she did so as the widow of Jean de Forcade, Seigneur de Saint-Genest. One son was born from this marriage, Louis de Forcade, Seigneur de Caubeyran, around 1630.
    1. Louis de Forcade, Seigneur de Caubeyran[180] (born c. 1630), Squire, married on 5 October 1653[128] with Bertrande Ferran.[128] Together with his uncle, Étienne I. de Forcade, he obtained a decree from the Court of Aids of Guyenne in Libourne[128] on 27 March 1656[181] or 27 May 1656[128] ordering the registration and recognition of these letters patent,[128] only to have his nobility revoked again in 1667 and be convicted and fined as a usurper of nobility. It was not until 1696 that he was finally restored to his nobility.
      1. Étienne II. de Forcade, Seigneur de Caubeyran,[180] Squire, Louis' only son, married on 31 January 1687[128] with Anne Fourcade.[128] The marriage produced at least one son, Étienne III. de Forcade de Caubeyran.
        1. Étienne III. de Forcade de Caubeyran, (born 3 February 1698[128] in Galapian[128] in the diocese of Agen; died Before 12 August 1757).[503] He had at least one son, Louis de Forcade de Caubeyran.
          1. This latter, Louis de Forcade de Caubeyran, Seigneur de Fontet,[504] (born 1746;[128] died c. 1782), Squire, moved to Martinique[128] and in 1775 tried to register his nobility there, but when the application was sent to Chérin, the King's genealogist, he gave it a negative response. Dame Marguerite de Forcade, widow of Louis de Forcade de Caubeyran, wife of the sieur Lamarque de Plaisance is cited in the judicial lease of the farms of Caubeyran in Montclaris, seized at her prejudice in favor of Bernard Chevassier, a laborer in Montclaris, on 14 June 1785.[505] A review of his testament was made 17 January 1782.[504] At least one son was born from his marriage, Louis de Forcade de Caubeyran.
            1. Louis de Forcade de Caubeyran, mayor of Galapian from 1804-10.
      2. Damoiselle Jeanne de Forcade, who married with Noble François de Malvin, Seigneur de Merlet, Squire, son of Berthélemi de Malvin, Seigneur de Merlet, Squire, on 1 February 1690. François de Malvin took part in the Assembly of the Nobility of the Seneschalty of Albret, in Bazas, on 22 May 1693.
      3. Damoiselle Marie de Forcade, who married with François de Pomiés on 8 October 16?3.

Cadet Branch: sieurs de La Grézère, de La Roquette

Coat of Arms: Étienne de Forcade de La Grézère, circa 1789.[506]
Coat of Arms: The Viscounts of Béarn.
  1. Étienne I. de Forcade (died after 1656), son of Jean de Forcade,[128] born at the beginning of the 17th century. He married Françoise de Vazar, and, together with his brother, was reestablished in his nobility in July 1651,[128] or, on 13 June 1655,[181] through letters of rehabilitation from King Louis XIV of France,[128] while also serving in the naval infantry regiment of Candale in Guyenne. Together with his brother's son, Louis de Forcade, Seigneur de Caubeyran, he obtained a decree from the Court of Aids of Guyenne in Libourne[128] ordering the registration and recognition of these letters patent[128] on 27 March 1656[181] or 27 May 1656.[128] Étienne died a few years later leaving five[128] sons, including: Mathieu, the eldest, Étienne, Pierre and Bertrand.
    1. Mathieu de Forcade, Seigneur de La Grézère, Squire, was a captain in the naval infantry regiment in Candale when he received the order from the Prince de Conty on 2 July 1652, to take a franche company to the King's service. He married with damsel Catherine Sangosse[128] on 2 June 1658[128] by notarized contract at the Royal notary de Laure.[128] Mathieu and his two brothers, Pierre and Bertrand, all three Squires, were reconfirmed in their nobility on 29 July 1666. At least four children were born from this marriage:[128] Bernard de Forcade, Seigneur de La Grézère, Étienne de Forcade, Pierre de Forcade, Seigneur de la Roquette and and Jean-Silvestre de Forcade, Seigneur de Lastranenq.
      1. Bernard de Forcade, Seigneur de La Grézère, married in succession with Gratienne Samazeuil[273] and Jeanne du Bourdieu,[273] the latter by notarized contract at the notary Laujacq on 25 December 1700, and had one son, Bertrand de Forcade, Seigneur de La Grézère.
        1. Bertrand de Forcade, Seigneur de La Grézère, from the second marriage to Jeanne du Bourdieu,[273] moved to Marmande and married with Damsel Françoise de Tapie de Monteil, daughter of Noble Pierre de Tapie, Seigneur de Monteil, Squire, and Lady Marie de Priames, by notarized contract at the notary Pardejac in the parish of Coussan in the jurisdiction of Marmande on 11 September 1729. He was accompanied by his great uncle, Pierre de Forcade, Seigneur de La Roquette, Knight of the Royal and Military Order of Saint-Louis. Two children were born from this marriage: Étienne II. and Catherine.
          1. Étienne II. de Forcade, Seigneur de La Grézère was appointed an Ensign in the 1st Company of the naval infantry Régiment de Vermandois on 1 March 1757 and was promoted to Lieutenant later the same year, on 2 September. On 2 June 1765, he was ordered by the Duke de Lorges, Lieutenant General of the King's armies and Commander-in-Chief of the Province of Guyenne to board the vessel le Bordelois with fifty men and to "…follow its destination according to the orders he would receive from Mr. d'Aubenton, the General Commissioner of orders for the Navy." A recipient of the Knight of the Order of Saint Louis. He was summoned to the Assembly of Nobility of the Bailiwick of Bazas[2] which met on 10 March 1789.[507] Three days later, he was again summoned to the Assembly of nobility of the Bailiwick of Agen,[2] where he was appointed one of the Commissioners by the Order of Nobility. He married with Françoise Roudier,[273] daughter of François Roudier, Deputy Mayor,[273] of the commune of Langon, in Langon,[273] on 12 June 1766 by notarized contract. Four sons resulted from their marriage: René-Pierre-Étienne, Hugues-Dorothée, Jean-Baptiste-Gaston, and Jean. The couple was imprisoned during the Reign of Terror as enemies of the revolution. They were freed after the revolution, probably on 13 February 1795, at the same time as 67 other detainees.[508]
            1. René-Pierre-Étienne de Forcade de la Grézère,[509] eldest son of the preceding Étienne II. de Forcade, Seigneur de La Grézère, was an infantry officer with the Prince de Condé's army, in the Régiment de Dauphiné before 1789. He emigrated with sibling Hugues-Dorothée to Prussia on 20 October 1791, where he was received in Breslau by descendants of the Forcade-Biaix family, who had left France for Prussia following the Edict of Fontainebleau, and who held important positions in the Prussian Army. With the help of his cousin,[509] a General in the Forcade-Biaix family, he and his younger brother, Jean-Gaston de Forcade de La Grézère, were commissioned Second lieutenants on 11 July 1798. He returned home to France in 1806, after the revolution. In 1815, he was named as Colonel Commandant of the National Guard in the arrondissement of Marmande by the Count d'Artois. He was a recipient of the Knight of the Royal and Military Order of Saint-Louis. He married with 30 year old Françoise-Félicité-Pauline de Suriray de La Rue[2] or Suriray de Larue[508] on 7 June 1813,[2][508] or 12 June 1815, aged 44 years, and died at Suriray in the commune of Fauillet on 11 March 1852[508] as a retired senior officer. Two sons were born: Étienne-Gabriel-Camille de Forcade de La Grézère, born 5 October 1814, and Noble Maximillian de Forcade de La Grézère, married with Marie-Albine-Léonie Guiot du Repaire, daughter of the Baron Guiot du Repaire.
              1. Étienne-Gabriel-Camille de Forcade de La Grézère, born 5 October 1814, married Louise-Augustine-Éléonore de Clappiers, from a noble family in Provence, on 25 Apr 1855. From this marriage, two daughters:
                1. Pauline-Bénédictine-Marie de Forcade de La Grézère, born 15 April 1854.
                2. Françoise-Marie-Louise-Valentine de Forcade de La Grézère, born 7 August 1855.
              2. Noble Maximillian de Forcade de La Grézère, married with Marie-Albine-Léonie Guiot du Repaire, daughter of the Baron Guiot du Repaire on 20 April 1849. The marriage produced three children, of which:
                1. Henri-Dieudonné de Forcade de La Grézère, born 23 Jun 1850, who had for Godparents His Royal Highness Monseigneur the Count of Chambord, and Her Royal Highness Madame the Duchess d'Angoulême, the eldest child of Louis XVI of France and Marie Antoinette.
                2. Marie-Françoise-Edith de Forcade de La Grézère, born 4 October 1852.
                3. Jeanne-Marie-Marguerite de Forcade de La Grézère, born 11 May 1858.
            2. Hugues-Dorothée de Forcade de La Grézère, who died in Oberndorf am Neckar during the French Revolution aged 23 years on 11 November 1794.[508]
            3. Jean-Baptiste-Gaston de Forcade de La Grézère, who obtained a certificate of residence on 17 May 1793, aged 20 years. Knight of the Legion of Honour, Mayor of Marmande during the Restauration Era,[2] he married about 1825 with Mademoiselle Laure de Faget de Quennefer,[2] daughter of Noble Faget de Quennefer and of Dame Alexandrine de Burgues de Missiessy, from the family of Vice Admiral and Counter Admiral de Burgues de Missiessy.
              1. Adrien de Forcade, Assistant Imperial Prosecutor in Auch, Conseiller at the Appellate Court of Bordeaux, removed from office in 1884. He married, but left only two daughters, thus extinguishing the branch of males to carry the name forward.[2] One of his daughters married Victor de Lévezou de Vesins gave birth to a son, who was the Count Bernard de Vesins.[508]
              2. Marie de Forcade, who married Count Ladislas de Levezou de Vezins, Captain in the Artillery, son of Monsignor Jean-Aimé de Levezou de Vezins, later Bishop of Agen, and the prelate son of a Dame de Mostuéjouls, both of whose ancestors participated in the 7th Crusade of King Louis IX of France.
            4. Noble Jean de Forcade de La Roquette, born in 1780,[2] 4th son of Étienne II. de Forcade, Seigneur de La Grézère, was a Juge de Paix[2] (now called a Judge at the Tribunal d'instance) in Paris from 1811 to 1846, Knight of the Order of Malta, and Knight of the Legion of Honor[16] He was married with Dame Louise-Catherine Papillon de La Tapy (or Papillon de Latapie),[2] the widow of Jean Dominique Le Roy, previously Prefect of the department of Aude and a Knight of the Legion of Honor. She was the niece of Maréchal de Saint-Arnaud and of Senator de Saint-Arnaud. She had two children from her first marriage, Armand-Jacques Leroy de Saint-Arnaud and Adolphe Le Roy de Saint-Arnaud. Their marriage produced one son:[2] Jean-Louis-Victor-Adolphe de Forcade de La Roquette.
              1. Jean-Louis-Victor-Adolphe de Forcade de La Roquette[510][511] aka Adolphe de Forcade La Roquette,[2][180] son of the preceding Noble Jean de Forcade de La Roquette, born 8 April 1820[2] in Paris, Minister of Finance[2] (1860), Senator during the Second French Empire[2] (1861), Vice President of the French Conseil d'État (1863), and Minister of Public Works in 1867, Minister of Commerce, Minister of Agriculture (1867–1868), Minister of the Interior (1868–1870) in the third government of Napoleon III, and Grand Collier of the Legion of Honor. In 1847, together with his half-brother, Marshal of France Achille Armand Jacques Leroy de Saint-Arnaud, Gouverneur de Paris (Military Governor of Paris) and the Ministre de la Guerre (Minister of War, he jointly acquired the Château de Malromé in Saint-André-du-Bois (Gironde). The two half-brothers would, over time, restore the castle according to plans by Eugène Viollet-le-Duc, the French architect and theorist, famous for his interpretive "restorations" of medieval buildings. He died 15 August 1874,[2] leaving three children from his marriage on 2 October 1847 in Paris to Joséphine-Adélaïde Cutlar-Fergusson (born 1831 in London; died 25 December 1889 in Paris, 8th Arrondissement): Gaston, Robert and Jane. On 20 May 1883, Joséphine-Adélaïde, his financially-ruined widow, sold the Château de Malromé to Countess Adèle de Toulouse-Lautrec-Monfa, mother of painter Henri de Toulouse-Lautrec, who died there on 9 September 1901.
                1. Gaston de Forcade de La Roquette
                2. Robert de Forcade de La Roquette
                3. Philiberte-Ange-Henriette de Forcade de La Roquette, aka Jane de Forcade de La Roquette, whose Godparents were His Royal Highness, Emperor Napoléon III and Her Majesty Eugénie de Montijo, the last Empress consort of the French. She married Ernst-Paul-Maurice l'Epine, civil engineer, son of Louis-Ernst-Victor-Jules l'Epine and Pasquela-Angela Lanier on 8 August 1886.[512]
          2. Catherine de Forcade, married Jean-Baptiste de Geneste, Seigneur and Baron de Malromé. She was summoned to the General Assembly of the Nobility of Bordeaux in 1789, but did not attend.[513] Catherine de Forcade, widow of the Baron de Malromé, acquired the Château de Malromé in Saint-André-du-Bois (Gironde) around 1780, renaming it to its present name in memory of her deceased husband. She transmitted the castle in 1847 to Jean-Louis-Victor-Adolphe de Forcade de La Roquette, President du Conseil d'État under Napoléon III, and to his half-brother, Marshal of France Achille Armand Jacques Leroy de Saint-Arnaud, Gouverneur de Paris (Military Governor of Paris) and the Ministre de la Guerre (Minister of War.
        2. 'Étienne de Forcade, Étienne's second son, married in 1709[273] with a lawyer's daughter, Suzanne Brocas[273] and had two sons: Bernard and Bertrand.
          1. Bernard de Forcade, who married in Bazas in 1740 with a Mademoiselle du Bernet.[273]
          2. Bertrand de Forcade, who married in 1747 with a Mademoiselle Pénicaut.[273]
        3. Pierre de Forcade, Seigneur de la Roquette[273] was first appointed a Captain in the Count de Damas Regiment on 28 August 1680, then again as a Captain in the Sancerre Regiment on 1 March 1701. He was awarded Knight of the Royal and Military Order of Saint-Louis on 20 September 1714, promoted to Major in the Sancerre Regiment on 18 December 1724, then retired by the King. He was still living on 11 September 1729.
        4. Jean-Silvestre de Forcade, Seigneur de Lastranenq (died After 8 April 1685), Squire, who was reconfirmed in his nobility on 29 July 1666. He married Damoiselle Suzanne de Pinon (died After 8 April 1685). From this marriage were born: Bernard, Bertrand, Marie, Paul and Élizabeth.
          1. Bernard de Forcade, Squire, a witness at his sister's 1685 and 1713 marriage contracts.
          2. Bertrand de Forcade, Squire, a witness at his sister's 1685 and 1713 marriage contracts.
          3. Marie de Forcade, who married by notarized contract on 1 April 1685 at the royal notary de Labrouche, with Noble Raymond de Tamanhan, Seigneur de La Barthe, third son of Mathieu de Tamanhan, Seigneur de Gravillas, and his wife Marie de Peyrusse. This contract was transformed into a public marriage contract with the same notary, in the noble house of Lastranenq, situated in Masseilles, residence of the bride's father, on 8 April 1685. Four children were born from this marriage: Jean-François, Pierre, Marguerite and Élizabeth de Tamanhan. She married in a second marriage with Daniel de Brocas, Seigneur de Las Grézères (born 1657), Squire, on 21 September 1715, in the presence of Nobles Bernard, Bertrand and Paul de Fourcade, all Squires, her brothers, Noble Pierre de Fourcade, Squire, her uncle, and Élisabeth de Caumont, her sister-in-law. She notarized her testament at the Notary Beauroche, in Casteljaloux, on 20 January 1724, in which she instituted her nephew, the Knight de Tamaignon (sic) as her general and universal heir, and left her husband the use of all of her assets in recognition of the good care she received from him.[514]
          4. Élizabeth de Forcade, a witness at her sister's 1685 marriage contract.
          5. Paul de Forcade, Squire, a witness at his sister's 1713 marriage contract.
      2. Bernard de Forcade, married in Bazas in 1740 with a Mademoiselle du Bernet and had one son, Bertrand de Forcade.
        1. Bertrand de Forcade married in 1747 with a Mademoiselle Pénicaut.
    2. Pierre de Forcade (died After 1636), Squire, Lawyer,[174] Jurat in Pau (1626), and Garde en la monnaie de Pau[174] (1622[174]–36). He married before 1601 with Marie de Maserolles. His grandson, Jean de Forcade, Seigneur de Biaix is the founder of the Forcade-Biaix family line.
    3. Bertrand de Forcade, Squire.

Notable members of this family include (in order of birth year):

The principal alliances in this branch of the family were de Tapie (1729), de Suriray (1813/15), Guiot de Repaire (1849), de Clappiers (1855), Faget de Quennefer, de Lévezou de Vasins, Clauzel, de Bazelaire (1896), de Barberin, de Bonfils (1882), de Malvin (1690), Schlumberger (1920) and Lagroy de Croutte de Saint-Martin (1893).

Forcade, sieurs du Grand-Tauzia, du Pin, de la Prade, de Martiné

Coat of Arms: Armand de Forcade, Seigneur du Pin et de la Prade, Squire, registered in Condom on 21 February 1698.[515]

Coat of Arms: An escutcheon with the field divided into four parts. Left half: argent tincture, a lion rampant gules; azure tincture charged with three mullets or below it; Right half: azure tincture charged with three mullets or; argent tincture charged with three gules bendlets dexter below it. A Count's coronet as helmut on top of the escutcheon. Two or lions supporting the escutcheon.

Heraldic symbolism: The lion symbolizes courage; the mullets (5-star) symbolize divine quality bestowed by god; The bendlets represent the scarf or shield suspender of a knight commander signifying defence or protection; granted to those who have distinguished themselves as commanders. A count's coronet to demonstrate rank and because the family originally served the counts of Foix and Béarn during the English Wars of the late Middle Ages.

Nobles, Gentlemen, Squires and Seigneurs du Tauzia, du Pin, de la Prade and de Martiné, this branch belongs to the nobility of Gascony. They provided France with numerous military officers. Together with the branches de Forcade de La Grézère and de Forcade de La Roquette, they claim a common shared ancestry with the de Forcade family of Orthez in Béarn. This ancestry was confirmed in the 9 September 1666 judgment received by Philippe de Lafourcade, Seigneur de la Prade.

Older books on the topic of genealogies of noble families state that the family resided since the 16th century in the small village of Laplume in the diocese of Agen, at the time the capital of the Viscounty and the Bailiwick of Brulhois.[317] Modern records indicate, however, that the historical residence of the family de la Forcade du Tauzia is located in the village of Mézin, in Lot-et-Garonne.[516][517]

This branch of the family was maintained in their nobility by judgments dated 3 September 1666,[258] by Mr. Dupuy (or du Puy), subdelegate of Claude Pellot, Intendant of Guyenne in Bordeaux, 20 June 1696[258] by Claude Bazin de Bezons, also the Intendant of Guyenne in Bordeaux, and, lastly by a judgment of the Conseil d'État rendered 29 June 1787[258] in the presence of the King. These three judgments leave no doubt about the origins of the branch, in that the family's nobility and filiation was legally established going back to Jean de Forcade, who was qualified as noble, Squire and Governor of the Château d'Auvillar in his marriage contract dated 29 April 1554.[2][258] The 3 September 1666 judgment further confirms that Philippe de La Forcade, sieur de La Prade, was a squire, a Captain in the infantry, that his father had been one of the Henry IV of France's bodyguards, that his grandfather had been Governor of the Château d'Auvillar and that they descended from the noble house of Forcade in Orthez, in Béarn.

O'Gilvy goes on to speculate that, for this reason, they must have descended from one of the four sons of Noble Jean de Forcade, who were named in his testament that was notarized on 21 July 1505: François, Gaston, Arnaud or Raymond. He named the father as Noble Odet de Forcade,[2] a native and resident of Orthez,[2] as his father, citing an unnamed heraldry cabinet[518] in Bordeaux as his source, without further precision concerning the documentation.

Marguerite of Angoulême, aka Marguerite d'Orléans, married 9 October 1509 with Charles IV, Duke of Alençon, Count of Armagnac and, in June 1515, Viscount of Auvillar. He died in 1525 without descendants and she remarried with Henry d'Albret, King of Navarre in 1527 who therewith also became Viscount of Auvillar. He was succeeded by his daughter, Jeanne d'Albret in 1555 through her marriage to Antoine de Bourbon. The Protestants retained possession of Auvillar until June 1571, when the city was retaken by royalist troops. No sooner was Auvillar retaken by royalist troops, than the inhabitants of Auvillar, completely demolished the Viscountal castle to avenge the excesses and abuses of the Huguenots and to retaliate against Henry III of Navarre, their leader. Jeanne d'Albret was succeeded in 1572 as Viscount of Auvillar by her son, Henry III of Navarre, who Henry of Navarre retook Auvillar, where he stayed from 13 to 15 November 1574, but he decided against rebuilding the castle. In 1589 he became Henry IV, King of France.

  1. Jean de Forcade,[2] perhaps Jean de Laforcade, Seigneur de La Fitte,[315] (born Before 1530; died After 1584) Squire, is said to have been appointed Governor of the Château d'Auvillar[2][258] by letters patent from Jeanne d'Albret, Queen of Navarre, daughter of Henry d'Albret and mother of Henry of Navarre. He was qualified as a Noble and a Squire in both his marriage contract[2] with Odette de Rey on 29 April 1554[2] at the notary Ouzannet in Laplume, and in his testament[2] dated 7 September 1571[2] at the same notary. Although the castle was destroyed by the residents of Auvillar in 1572, he, or a son by the same name, was cited as a captain at the Château d'Auvillar[316] in 1584.[315] His wife, Odette de Rey, was the sister of Noble Jacques de Rey, Seigneur de La Salle, who was a captain and the military commandant of the village of Laplume. In his testament, he names three sons and two daughters from his marriage, named in the following order: Pierre, Étienne, Bernard, Antoinette and Marie. At least two of these sons carried on the noble family lines.
    1. Pierre de Forcade, Seigneur de Martiné, Squire, son of the preceding Jean de Forcade, was a man-at-arms under Kings Henri III of France and Henry IV of France, and a man of considerable importance to Laplume, who assigned him special missions of difficult and important matters.[317] He is named in his father's testament on 5 September 1571 and in the royal and noble ranks of 1604, 1605 and 1606. He was First Consul of Laplume from 1611 to 1615.[519] His only child, a daughter, received the fief of Martiné in dowry when she married Bernard de Monteils, a Lawyer at parliament.
    2. Étienne de Forcade, also son of Jean de Forcade, still living on 7 September 1571.[519]
    3. Bernard de Forcade, Seigneur de la Prade, Squire, also son of Jean de Forcade, obtained together with his brother Pierre, the permission to hunt and fish in the King's lands, domains, ponds, marshes and rivers by letters patent on the last day of February 1604. He married by notarized contract at the notary Pellicier the same year with Damsel Cécile du Drot. In this act, he is qualified together with his father and eldest brother, Pierre, as a Noble and as Squire. He was further qualified as a Squire in two decrees of parliament in 1605 and 1606. A certificate produced by Mr. de Montespan dated 26 November 1606 that he was one of the archers in the Scotts Guards, within the bodyguards of King Henry IV of France. He was First Consul of Laplume in 1626. His family paid heavily for their service to the King. Of four sons, who all served in the military, three were killed in the service of the King: Étienne (died 1638), Pierre (died 1639) and N…, perhaps named Bernard (died 1672, where he was mortally wounded while acting valiantly at the siege of Augsburg on the IJssel.)
      1. Philippe de Lafourcade, Seigneur de la Prade[259] son of the aforementioned Bernard from his second marriage, grandson of Jean de Forcade,[259] was also qualified as a Noble and a Squire.[2] He married Marguerite de Broquières on 29 January 1637.[2] Philippe was First Consul of Laplume in 1646[259] and commissioned as an infantry captain in the régiment de Marin in 1648.
        1. Armand de Lafourcade, Seigneur du Pin, son of Philippe, married Dominique de Redon[2] on 20 August 1674,[2] while living in Condom.[2] Armand left two sons, François and Marc-Antoine, who both continued his lineage.
          1. ELDER BRANCH: François de la Forcade, Seigneur du Pin et du Grand-Tauzia,[13] married with Paule-Hélène de Frère de St. Pau[13] in 1711.[13]
            1. Renaud de Forcade, Seigneur du Grand-Tauzia,[13] Armand's son, was born in Condom in 1714[13] and married there with Marguerite de Cailhoux[13] in 1749,[13] was, in his turn, again investigated concerning his nobility, and had to have it recognized again on 29 June 1787,[258] by decree of the Conseil d'État.[13] He died the following year,[13] leaving three sons: Antoine de la Forcade, Seigneur du Grand-Tauzia (born 1750 in Condom),[13] Jules Arnould de la Forcade du Pin (born 1754 in Condom)[13] and Gabriel Victor, who died unmarried at Grand Tauzia Castle in 1850.[13]
          2. CADET BRANCH: Marc-Antoine de Lafourcade,[259] born in Condom on 26 December 1676,[259] married Bernarde de Ponteil de Castillon in 1715.[259] His great-grandson, Jean-Baptiste-Octavien de la Forcade,[259] born in Valence, in the Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Auch, on 12 October 1777,[259] had his proof of nobility published in the Nouveau d'Hozier in order to be admitted to the École Militaire in 1787.[13] Neither he nor his younger brother, Gilbert, married, thus making them the last representatives of their branch.[13]

The principle alliances in this branch of the family were du Drot (1604), de Broquières (1637), de Redon (1674), de Ponteil de Castillon (1715), Soulès, Darodes de Bellegarde (1822), de Caussia de Mauvoisin (1858), du Bernet de Garros (1852), de Bernard de Lécussan (1833), d'Alexandry d'Orengiani (1871), de Lalyman de Varennes (1891) and de Saint-Meleuc 1894).

The Forcades of Oloron-Sainte-Marie

Coat of Arms: de Forcade, Counsellor and King's prosecutor in Oloron, circa 1697[388]

Family members in Oloron-Sainte-Marie

The following family members are presented in descending generations in consideration of their approximate age, without reference to any family ties between them, unless otherwise stated.

  1. Raymond de Forcade, Jurat in Pau, stated in his testament that he was in charge of the interests of Jacques de Foix, Bishop of Oloron, for ten years.
    1. Guiraud de Laforcade,[520] merchant from Oloron in 1588, notarized his testament in 1594.
      1. Tristan de Laforcade, from Oloron, lawyer at the Seneschalty, married Suzanne de Saint-Martin about 1590.
      2. Guoalhard Laforcade,[521] aka Gaillard de Laforcade,[522][523] was a notary in Oloron between 1611–20. Gaillard de Laforcade is again cited as a notary in Ossau Valley (Vic du milieu) between 1619–25.[524]
        1. Jeanne de Forcade married Jean de Campagne, Lawyer, in the early years of the 17th century. Their daughter, Damoiselle Anne de Campagne, from Oloron, married by notarized contract with Pierre de Medalon, Lawyer, from Arudy on 24 July 1639.[525]
        2. Marie de Forcade, from Oloron, married Noble François d'Andoins, Seigneur de Camptort, born in Navarrenx but living in Castetnau, a lawyer at the Parliament of Navarre, by notarized contract in Navarrenx on 18 March 1623. In his testament he declared, that seven children remained from his marriage to Marie de Forcade.[526][527] The bridegroom's uncle, who assisted at his marriage, was Israël d'Andoins, Seigneur de Labat d'Estos, husband of Catherine de Forcade.
        3. Jean de Forcade, was the King's Prosecutor in the district of Oloron between 1626–49, as evidenced by a land sale by Jean d'Abbadie, Attorney General at the Chambre des Comptes of Navarre of Navarre, to Jean de Forcade, the King's Prosecutor in the district of Oloron, at the notary Jean d'Agoeix in Pau[528] and other transactions below. The Attorney General at the Chambre des Comptes of Navarre from 1589–94 had been Jean de Laforcade, Seigneur de La Fitte-Juson.
          1. Pierre de Forcade, was the King's Prosecutor in the district of Oloron between 1653–65 as evidenced by the notarized testament in Oloron[529] of his wife, Catherine d'Angaïs, and other property transactions.
            1. Jean de Forcade, was the King's Prosecutor in the district of Oloron in 1671.[530]

Chronology of historical sources in Oloron-Sainte-Marie

Forcade, sieurs du Domec de Dognen

The Forcades du Domec de Dognen[554] do not descend from Jean de Laforcade, Seigneur de La Fitte-Juson, as evidenced by their continuing nobility during the period of 1613-1656, during which time he and his descendants were stripped of their nobility. Instead, they are believed to descend from an unnamed brother, perhaps Dominique de Laforcade, who married with Agnes Ducosso de Bilheres-Projan.

Archives show the Forcades du Domec de Dognen branch of the family subsisted in Dognen until at least 1802, perhaps longer.[302]

The Fief of Domec de Dognen

The fief "Le Domec"[555] is located in the commune of Dognen ("Donenh" in 1385)[556] and is listed in the Census of 1385 as lostau deu Domec domeger.[557] It was a vassal of the Viscounty of Béarn, and, like the commune of Dognen itself, was a part of the bailiwick of Navarrenx, near Oloron-Sainte-Marie. In 1385, Dognen was composed of 35 feus. Dognen was once home to four castles, Domec being one of them; the others were d'Espalungue, d'Oroignen[195] and Sensaudens. Domec was destroyed and is no longer standing today. In the reform of the territory of Béarn of 1674, it is called Le Domecq.

The Seigneur du Domec de Dognen between 1606[358] and 1617[558] was Jean de Minvielle, who wed in his first marriage with Marie de Laforcade (died before 1609), a daughter of Jean de Laforcade, Seigneur de La Fitte-Juson, about 1606 in Pau.[363] He married in his second marriage before 19 January 1609 with Marie du Peyrer,[559] and notarized his testament in 1617.,[558][560][561] Marie remarried in her second marriage[562] following his death with fr:Maître Abraham de Brosser, at the time a bourgeois and merchant in Orthez, and later Seigneur de Maison-Neuve de Brosser, in Orthez.[224]

Forcade-Domec de Dognen family members

  1. An unnamed de Laforcade who had at least one son, Jean.
    1. Noble Jean de Forcade,[563] Seigneur du Domec de Dognen, who was received as a member the Estates of Béarn for the domaine of Domec de Dognen, between 1619 and 1622.[563] From an unknown spouse he had at least one son, Marie, Marguerite, Raymond and David, who continued the noble descendance and who follows.
      1. Noble David de Forcade, Seigneur du Domec de Dognen (died after 1674),[237] who married by notarized contract at the Notary Abraham de Lavie in Navarrenx with Jeanne de Portau on 19 April 1635.[564] At least two sons were born from this marriage, Daniel and Jacques.
        1. Noble Daniel de Forcade, Seigneur du Domec de Dognen.[230]
        2. Jacques Du Domec, son of David de Fourcade, Seigneur du Domec de Dognen, who married by notarized contract with Marie, daughter of Philippe d'Abbadie, Abbé laïque de Lanne between 1667 and 1673.[565]
      2. Marie de Forcade, who married by notarized contract with Jean de Susbielle, Merchant in Dognen in 1624.[566]
      3. Marguerite de Laforcade, who married Fortaner d'Abbadie from Sus, by notarized contract in Navarrenx about 1616-27.[567] Also assisting at her marriage, in addition to her father, was Pierre de Forcade and Jean de Forcade, the King's Prosecutor in the district of Oloron.[567]
      4. Raymond de Laforcade, aka Laborde, who was living in 1627.

Forcade-Domec de Dognen chronology

Forcade, sieurs de Gouze et d'Uhart-Juson

There are conflicting facts concerning the ancestry of the Forcade de Gouze et d'Uhart-Juson.[587] Their continuing nobility during the period of 1631-1656, during which time Jean de Laforcade, Seigneur de La Fitte-Juson and his descendants were stripped of their nobility indicates that they do not descend from him. In this case, they are believed to descend from an unnamed brother, perhaps Dominique de Laforcade, who married with Agnes Ducosso de Bilheres-Projan. However, at the signing of her notarized marriage contract, Marthe de Laforcade-Gouze was assisted by, among others, Pierre de Forcade, Seigneur de Baure, from Orthez, who is cited as her first cousin. Depending on how loosely the definition of "first cousin" is applied, the argument could be made that they both descended from brothers and were, therefore, first cousins, a couple of times removed.

The Fiefs of Gouze and d'Uhart-Juson

The fief of Gouze was located in the commune of Lagor and was a dependency of the Bailiwick of Pau. The Census of 1385 counted 20 feus.

The fief of Uhart-Juson en Navarre,[588][589] also called Uhart-Mixe to distinguish it from another, Uhart-Cize, is located in the commune of Saint-Palais.

fr:Jean de Jaurgain makes specific reference to the family's properties in an article he wrote in 1917 about the origins of Saint-Palais, which, translated into English, reads:

"…Documents found in my files allow me to clarify better than I did above, the passage of this [manor] "Salle de Saint-Palais" to the house of Gassion. Noble Jean de Lafourcade, Seigneur de Gouze et d'Uhart-Juson, acquired the noble house called the "Salie (sic) de Saint-Palais", with its woods, tithes, fields, meadows, vineyards, fiefs, justice of the Rue Neuve of said city, and all useful and honorary rights attached to it, from Messire Gabriel, Baron d'Armendarits, by contract dated 12 May 1653, for a price of 16,000 Bordeaux francs. On 14 August 1662, Dame Anne d'Auga, widow of the said Jean de Lafourcade, and Messire Pierre de Lafourcade, Baron de Gouze, their son, obtained from the Seneschal of Navarre the authorization to sell their properties in Lower Navarre in order to liquidate their debts, and on 13 April 1663, the Baron de Gouze was paid 555 francs of the amount that he charged Messire Jean, Marquis de Gassion, Audaux et Méritein, Baron de Camou and other places, "Conseiller Ordinaire" to the King on his councils, President of the Court of the Parliament of Navarre, in the price of the Noble "Salle of Saint-Palais", the mills of the said place and of Béhotéguy, half of the tithes of Beyrie and of Orsanco, sold to him by the said Sieur de Gouze."[590]

Forcade-Gouze family members

  1. Jean de Lafourcade, Seigneur de Gouze et d'Uhart-Juson (died before 14 August 1662) married Anne d'Auga (died after 14 August 1662). He was received into the Estates of Béarn for the fief of Gouze between 1631 and 1634.[587]
    1. Pierre de Lafourcade, Seigneur de Gouze, their son, was received into the Estates of Béarn for the fief of Gouze before 1656.[591] Hei is qualified as a Baron in 1669.[228]
      1. Jean de Laforcade, Seigneur de Gouze, his son, was received into the Estates of Béarn for the fief of Gouze before 1669.[229]
        1. Marthe de Laforcade-Gouze, his daughter, married by notarized contract with Jacques-Joseph de Doat, Seigneur de Doat, Knight, Counsellor to the King on his Councils, Second President of the Chambre des Comptes of Navarre of Navarre, on 10 February 1687.[592][593]

Forcade-Gouze chronology

Notes

  1. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 Chaix d'Est-Ange (1922), Tome 18, p. 310 (in French)
  2. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 Chaix d'Est-Ange (1922), Tome 18, p. 313 (in French)
  3. ↑ Saint-Jouan (1966), Tome 1, p. 144 (in French)
  4. 1 2 Lespy/Raymond (1887), Tome 1, p. 378 (in Béarnese & French)
  5. ↑ Lespy/Raymond (1887), Tome 1, p. 313 (in Béarnese & French)
  6. 1 2 3 Raymond (1863), p. 65 (in French)
  7. ↑ AD64, E 306, f° 61
  8. ↑ AD64, B 786, f° 26
  9. 1 2 3 Raymond (1863), p. 90 (in French)
  10. 1 2 3 Fundación Lebrel Blanco, Monein, Architecture civil (in French)
  11. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 Bourrousse de Laffore (1860), Tome 3, p. 169 (in French)
  12. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 Bourrousse de Laffore (1860), Tome 3, p. 173 (in French)
  13. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 Chaix d'Est-Ange (1922), Tome 18, p. 315 (in French)
  14. ↑ Hozier, Nouveau d'Hozier, Tome 138 (manuscript in French)
  15. ↑ Chérin, Tome 83 (manuscript in French)
  16. 1 2 3 Maihol (1896), Tome 1, p. 1204 (in French)
  17. 1 2 3 Raymond (1863), p. 43 (in French)
  18. 1 2 3 Raymond (1863), p. 19 (in French)
  19. ↑ AD64, E 296
  20. ↑ AD64, E 1916
  21. 1 2 3 AD64, E 302
  22. ↑ Raymond (1863), p. 136 (in French)
  23. ↑ Bidot-Germa (2008), p. 124 (in French)
  24. 1 2 3 AD64, E 2004
  25. ↑ AD64, E 949
  26. 1 2 3 AD64, E 306 (manuscript in Béarnese)
  27. 1 2 Raymond (1873), p. 3 (in Béarnese)
  28. 1 2 3 Raymond (1873), p. 4 (in Béarnese)
  29. ↑ Raymond (1873), p. 6 (in Béarnese)
  30. 1 2 3 4 AD64, E 306, f° 20/p. 4 (manuscript in Béarnese)
  31. 1 2 3 4 Raymond (1873), p. 8 (in Béarnese)
  32. ↑ Raymond (1873), p. 14 (in Béarnese)
  33. ↑ Raymond (1873), p. 16 (in Béarnese)
  34. 1 2 Raymond (1873), p. 17 (in Béarnese)
  35. ↑ Raymond (1873), p. 23 (in Béarnese)
  36. ↑ Raymond (1873), p. 24 (in Béarnese)
  37. ↑ Raymond (1873), p. 27 (in Béarnese)
  38. ↑ Raymond (1873), p. 34 (in Béarnese)
  39. ↑ Raymond (1873), p. 35 (in Béarnese)
  40. ↑ Raymond (1873), p. 37 (in Béarnese)
  41. ↑ Raymond (1873), p. 39 (in Béarnese)
  42. ↑ Raymond (1873), p. 40 (in Béarnese)
  43. ↑ Raymond (1873), p. 43 (in Béarnese)
  44. 1 2 3 4 Raymond (1873), p. 44 (in Béarnese)
  45. ↑ Raymond (1873), p. 45 (in Béarnese)
  46. ↑ Raymond (1873), p. 47 (in Béarnese)
  47. ↑ Raymond (1873), p. 48 (in Béarnese)
  48. ↑ Raymond (1873), p. 52 (in Béarnese)
  49. ↑ Raymond (1873), p. 53 (in Béarnese)
  50. ↑ Raymond (1873), p. 54 (in Béarnese)
  51. 1 2 Raymond (1873), p. 55 (in Béarnese)
  52. ↑ Raymond (1873), p. 56 (in Béarnese)
  53. 1 2 Raymond (1873), p. 57 (in Béarnese)
  54. 1 2 3 Raymond (1873), p. 58 (in Béarnese)
  55. ↑ Raymond (1873), p. 62 (in Béarnese)
  56. ↑ Raymond (1873), p. 64 (in Béarnese)
  57. ↑ Raymond (1873), p. 65 (in Béarnese)
  58. ↑ Raymond (1873), p. 69 (in Béarnese)
  59. ↑ Raymond (1873), p. 71 (in Béarnese)
  60. ↑ Raymond (1873), p. 74 (in Béarnese)
  61. ↑ Raymond (1873), p. 75 (in Béarnese)
  62. 1 2 3 4 AD64, E 306, f° 54/p. 38 (manuscript in Béarnese)
  63. 1 2 3 4 Raymond (1873), p. 79 (in Béarnese)
  64. 1 2 3 4 AD64, E 306, f° 55/p. 39 (manuscript in Béarnese)
  65. 1 2 Raymond (1873), p. 81 (in Béarnese)
  66. 1 2 3 AD64, E 306, f° 56/p. 40 (manuscript in Béarnese)
  67. 1 2 3 4 Raymond (1873), p. 83 (in Béarnese)
  68. ↑ Raymond (1873), p. 85 (in Béarnese)
  69. 1 2 Raymond (1873), p. 87 (in Béarnese)
  70. ↑ Raymond (1873), p. 88 (in Béarnese)
  71. 1 2 Raymond (1873), p. 89 (in Béarnese)
  72. ↑ Raymond (1873), p. 92 (in Béarnese)
  73. 1 2 Raymond (1873), p. 93 (in Béarnese)
  74. 1 2 3 Raymond (1873), p. 96 (in Béarnese)
  75. 1 2 Raymond (1873), p. 97 (in Béarnese)
  76. ↑ Raymond (1873), p. 100 (in Béarnese)
  77. ↑ Raymond (1873), p. 101 (in Béarnese)
  78. 1 2 Raymond (1873), p. 103 (in Béarnese)
  79. ↑ Raymond (1873), p. 104 (in Béarnese)
  80. 1 2 3 Raymond (1873), p. 105 (in Béarnese)
  81. ↑ Raymond (1873), p. 106 (in Béarnese)
  82. ↑ Raymond (1873), p. 108 (in Béarnese)
  83. 1 2 Raymond (1873), p. 109 (in Béarnese)
  84. ↑ Raymond (1873), p. 110 (in Béarnese)
  85. ↑ Raymond (1873), p. 111 (in Béarnese)
  86. ↑ Raymond (1873), p. 112 (in Béarnese)
  87. ↑ Raymond (1873), p. 114 (in Béarnese)
  88. 1 2 3 Raymond (1873), p. 116 (in Béarnese)
  89. ↑ Raymond (1873), p. 119 (in Béarnese)
  90. 1 2 3 Raymond (1873), p. 120 (in Béarnese)
  91. ↑ Raymond (1873), p. 121 (in Béarnese)
  92. 1 2 3 4 AD64, E 306, f° 72/p. 56 (manuscript in Béarnese)
  93. 1 2 3 4 5 Raymond (1873), p. 122 (in Béarnese)
  94. 1 2 Raymond (1873), p. 123 (in Béarnese)
  95. ↑ Raymond (1873), p. 126 (in Béarnese)
  96. 1 2 Raymond (1873), p. 129 (in Béarnese)
  97. ↑ Raymond (1873), p. 133 (in Béarnese)
  98. ↑ Raymond (1873), p. 138 (in Béarnese)
  99. 1 2 3 4 Raymond (1873), p. 140 (in Béarnese)
  100. ↑ Raymond (1873), p. 141 (in Béarnese)
  101. 1 2 3 Raymond (1873), p. 142 (in Béarnese)
  102. ↑ Raymond (1873), p. 143 (in Béarnese)
  103. ↑ Raymond (1873), p. 145 (in Béarnese)
  104. ↑ Raymond (1873), p. 146 (in Béarnese)
  105. ↑ Lesby/Jaurgain (1887), Tome 1, p. 243, domenger = écuyer, noble du quatrième degrés (in Béarnese/French)
  106. ↑ Raymond (1873), p. 147 (in Béarnese)
  107. ↑ Raymond (1873), p. 152 (in Béarnese)
  108. ↑ Raymond (1873), p. 159 (in Béarnese)
  109. 1 2 Raymond (1873), p. 161 (in Béarnese)
  110. 1 2 Raymond (1873), p. 162 (in Béarnese)
  111. ↑ Raymond (1873), p. 163 (in Béarnese)
  112. 1 2 Raymond (1873), p. 164 (in Béarnese)
  113. 1 2 3 Raymond (1873), p. 165 (in Béarnese)
  114. ↑ Raymond (1873), p. 166 (in Béarnese)
  115. ↑ Raymond (1873), p. 167 (in Béarnese)
  116. 1 2 Raymond (1873), p. 168 (in Béarnese)
  117. ↑ Raymond (1873), p. 169 (in Béarnese)
  118. ↑ Raymond (1873), p. 170 (in Béarnese)
  119. 1 2 Raymond (1873), p. 171 (in Béarnese)
  120. ↑ Raymond (1873), p. 174 (in Béarnese)
  121. ↑ Raymond (1873), p. 175 (in Béarnese)
  122. ↑ Raymond (1873), p. 176 (in Béarnese)
  123. ↑ Raymond (1879), p. 143, Nr. 45 (in Béarnese)
  124. 1 2 AD64, E 307
  125. 1 2 AD64, E 317
  126. ↑ Raymond (1879), p. 240, Nr. 45 (in French)
  127. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 Bourrousse de Laffore (1860), Tome 3, p. 174 (in French)
  128. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50 51 52 53 Chaix d'Est-Ange (1922), Tome 18, p. 311 (in French)
  129. 1 2 Cadier (1889), p. 135 (in Béarnese)
  130. ↑ Collection des manuscrits de la collection fr:Pierre Clairambault, vol. 238, n° 397 (in French)
  131. ↑ Jaurgain (1886), Tome 4, p. 50 (in French)
  132. ↑ AD64, E 318
  133. ↑ Cursente (1983), p. 38 (in French)
  134. ↑ Cursente (1983), p. 39 (in French)
  135. 1 2 AD64, E 347
  136. ↑ AD64, E 965
  137. ↑ AD64, E 2008
  138. ↑ Vauvillers (1818), p. 61 (in French)
  139. ↑ AD64, E 1714
  140. ↑ AD64, E 1935
  141. ↑ AD64, E 1936
  142. ↑ Raymond (1863), p. 137 (in French)
  143. ↑ AD64, E 1461, f° 96
  144. ↑ Raymond (1874), pp. 248-249 (in French)
  145. ↑ AD64, E 1609
  146. ↑ AD64, E 1984
  147. ↑ Raymond (1863), p. 120 (in French)
  148. ↑ AD64, E 1193, f° 84, v°
  149. ↑ AD64, sous-séries 60J, 1 Mi 101, Bobine 23, Liasse 229 (in French)
  150. ↑ CNRTL, censive (in French)
  151. ↑ AD64, E 276
  152. ↑ AD64, B 806
  153. ↑ AD64, E 1474
  154. ↑ AD64, E 1874
  155. ↑ AD64, B 866
  156. ↑ AD64, E 1118
  157. ↑ AD64, sous-séries 60J, 1 Mi 101, Bobine 23, Liasse 231 (in French)
  158. ↑ AD64, E 1196
  159. ↑ AD64, E 1336
  160. ↑ AD64, sous-séries 60J, 1 Mi 101, Bobine 23, Liasse 235 (in French)
  161. ↑ AD64, E 2132
  162. ↑ AD64, E 1426
  163. ↑ AD64, sous-séries 60J, 1 Mi 101, Bobine 23, Liasse 237 (in French)
  164. ↑ AD64, sous-séries 60J, 1 Mi 101, Bobine 23, Liasse 238 (in French)
  165. ↑ Bascle de Lagrèze (1851), p. 348 (in French)
  166. ↑ AD64, E 1639
  167. ↑ AD64, E 1288
  168. ↑ AD64, E 2015, f° 49, r°
  169. ↑ AD64, E 2018, f° 51
  170. ↑ Dubarat (1911), pp. 25-26 (in French)
  171. ↑ AD64, E 2021, f° 120, r°
  172. 1 2 Dubarat (1911), p. 26 (in French)
  173. ↑ AD64, E 2028, f° 89
  174. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 SSLAP (1887), p. 160 (in French)
  175. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 Dufau de Maluquer (1907), p. 110 (in French)
  176. ↑ Bordedarrère (1904), p. 192 (in French)
  177. ↑ Bordedarrère (1904), p. 196 (in French)
  178. ↑ Bordedarrère (1904), p. 198 (in French)
  179. ↑ Bordedarrère (1904), p. 200 (in French)
  180. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 Bourrousse de Laffore (1885), pp. 197-198 (in French)
  181. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Lépicier (1900), Vol. 35, p. 247 (in French)
  182. ↑ AD64, E 1242
  183. ↑ AD64, E 1169
  184. ↑ AD64, E 1244
  185. ↑ Laussat (1871), p. 167 (in French)
  186. ↑ AD64, E 1893
  187. ↑ Dufau de Maluquer (1893), p. 452 (in French)
  188. ↑ AD64, E 1509, f° 217
  189. ↑ AC Monein, BB 26, f° 4, v°
  190. ↑ AC Monein, BB 26, f° 15, v°
  191. ↑ Dufau de Maluquer/Jaurgain (1888), p. 378 (in French)
  192. ↑ AD64, E 1073
  193. ↑ AD64, E 1658
  194. ↑ AD64, E 1659
  195. 1 2 3 4 5 6 Raymond (1863), p. 126 (in French)
  196. ↑ AD64, E 892
  197. ↑ AD64, G 346
  198. 1 2 3 4 5 AD64, E 1365
  199. ↑ AD64, B 662, f° 1
  200. ↑ AD64, C 708, f° 118
  201. 1 2 Dufau de Maluquer/Jaurgain (1888), p. 393 (in French)
  202. ↑ AD64, E 2031
  203. 1 2 AD64, E 1251
  204. ↑ AD64, E 1138
  205. ↑ AD64, E 1865
  206. ↑ AD64, B 624
  207. ↑ AD64, E 1897
  208. ↑ AD64, E 1343
  209. ↑ AD64, E 1345
  210. ↑ AD64, E 1676
  211. ↑ AD64, E 1304
  212. ↑ AD64, E 1679
  213. ↑ AD64, E 1680
  214. ↑ AD64, B 3824
  215. 1 2 AD64, E 1174
  216. 1 2 3 AD64, E 1369
  217. ↑ Laborde (1914), p. 4 (in French)
  218. ↑ AD64, E 2041, f° 184
  219. ↑ Dufau de Maluquer/Jaurgain (1888), p. 85 (in French)
  220. ↑ AD64, E 1176
  221. 1 2 3 4 Bourrousse de Laffore (1860), Tome 3, p. 175 (in French)
  222. 1 2 AD64, C 723
  223. 1 2 Bascle de Lagrèze (1851), p. 168 (in French)
  224. 1 2 3 Raymond (1863), p. 107 (in French)
  225. ↑ Bascle de Lagrèze, pp. 162-163 (in French)
  226. ↑ AD64, E 2051
  227. ↑ Dufau de Maluquer (1907), p. 191 (in French)
  228. 1 2 3 AD64, B 5994
  229. 1 2 3 Raymond (1863), p. 21 (in French)
  230. 1 2 3 4 AD64, E 1699
  231. 1 2 3 4 AD64, B 872
  232. 1 2 Raymond (1863), p. 22 (in French)
  233. ↑ Bascle de Lagrèze (1851), p. 141 (in French)
  234. ↑ AD64, B 885
  235. 1 2 AD64, B 684
  236. 1 2 3 AD64, B 672
  237. 1 2 3 AD64, B 670
  238. 1 2 Bascle de Lagrèze (1851), p. 146 (in French)
  239. ↑ AD64, B 889
  240. ↑ Bascle de Lagrèze (1851), p. 147 (in French)
  241. 1 2 Bascle de Lagrèze (1851), p. 126 (in French)
  242. ↑ AD64, B 895
  243. ↑ AD64, E 1904
  244. 1 2 3 AD64, E 1258
  245. 1 2 3 Dufau de Maluquer (1893), p. 225 (in French)
  246. ↑ AD64, E 1259
  247. ↑ Bascle de Lagrèze (1851), p. 305 (in French)
  248. ↑ AD64, B 913
  249. ↑ AD64, B 914
  250. ↑ AD64, B 1068
  251. ↑ AD64, B 1067
  252. ↑ AD64, E 1706
  253. ↑ AD64, B 4540, f° 19-20
  254. ↑ Soulice (1888), pp. 360-361 (in French)
  255. ↑ AD64, B 7503
  256. ↑ Larousse "le ban et l'arrière-ban (in French-English)
  257. ↑ AD64, C 1378
  258. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 Bourrousse de Laffore (1860), Tome 3, p. 179 (in French)
  259. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 Chaix d'Est-Ange (1922), Tome 18, p. 314 (in French)
  260. ↑ Mérimée-Architecture, Château de Baure (in French)
  261. ↑ AD64, sous-séries 60J, 1 Mi 101, Bobine 23, Liasse 245 (in French)
  262. ↑ AD64, B 4804, f° 417
  263. ↑ Soulice (1888), p. 368 (in French)
  264. ↑ AD64, E 977
  265. ↑ AC Pau, GG 17, f° 43
  266. ↑ Dufau de Maluquer/Jaurgain (1887), p. 137 (in French)
  267. ↑ Bascle de Lagrèze (1851), p. 132 (in French)
  268. ↑ AD64, E 2144
  269. ↑ Bascle de Lagrèze (1851), p. 186 (in French)
  270. ↑ Bascle de Lagrèze (1851), p. 178 (in French)
  271. ↑ Laborde (1912), p. 49 (in French)
  272. ↑ Raymond (1863), p. 159 (in French)
  273. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 Chaix d'Est-Ange (1922), Tome 18, p. 312 (in French)
  274. ↑ AD64, sous-série 43 J, Fonds de la seigneurie d'Arance et de la famille Forcade (in French)
  275. 1 2 AD64, E 1852, f° 4
  276. 1 2 3 Dufau de Maluquer (1893), p. 435 (in French)
  277. 1 2 3 4 5 Dufau de Maluquer (1893), p. 443 (in French)
  278. ↑ AD64, E 302, f°119
  279. ↑ Raymond (1874), p. 317 (in French)
  280. ↑ Le Couédic, Mélanie (4 November 2010). "Annexe 4 (4.12.6, p. 493)". Les pratiques pastorales d’altitude dans une perspective ethnoarchéologique. Cabanes, troupeaux et territoires pastoraux pyrénéens dans la longue durée. Annexes : volume 2 (PDF) (Thesis). Université François Rabelais de Tours. Retrieved 8 April 2016.
  281. ↑ Geneanet, Ply
  282. ↑ GenealogyAscendants of Michel Chevallier
  283. ↑ Dufau de Maluquer (1893), p. 434
  284. ↑ AD64, E 1853
  285. ↑ AD64, E 1854, f° 10
  286. ↑ Raymond (1874), p. 147 (in French)
  287. ↑ Dufau de Maluquer (1893), p. 444 (in French)
  288. ↑ AD64, E 1855, f° 12, v°
  289. ↑ AD64, E 1873
  290. ↑ Dufau de Maluquer (1893), pp. 448-449 (in French)
  291. ↑ AD64, E 1856
  292. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 Dufau de Maluquer (1893), p. 388 (in French)
  293. ↑ AD64, E 1862, f° 17
  294. ↑ Dufau de Maluquer (1893), p. 389 (in French)
  295. ↑ Kerstrat, Jean-Louis de, MEMODOC, Qualifications nobiliaires, titres de noblesse, ecuyer, chevalier, noble homme, messire, gentilhomme (in French)
  296. ↑ Dufau de Maluquer (1893), p. 485 (in French)
  297. ↑ Dufau de Maluquer (1893), p. 354 (in French)
  298. ↑ AD64, E 1863, f° 32
  299. ↑ Dufau de Maluquer (1893), p. 486 (in French)
  300. ↑ AD64, E 1879, f° 218, v°
  301. ↑ Hozier (1717), Tome III, Béarn, p. 50, Nr. 287 (manuscript in French)
  302. 1 2 AD64, 2 J 495, Fonds Louis Batcave, Forcade à Gassion (de)
  303. 1 2 3 4 5 Raymond (1863), p. 7 (in French)
  304. 1 2 3 4 Raymond (1863), p. 24 (in French)
  305. 1 2 Raymond (1863), p. 48 (in French)
  306. 1 2 3 Dufau de Maluquer (1907), p. 173 (in French)
  307. ↑ Raymond (1879), p. 188, Nr. 187 (in Béarnese)
  308. ↑ Raymond (1879), p. 288, Nr. 187 (in French)
  309. ↑ Guyot (1754), p. 171 (in French)
  310. 1 2 3 Dufau de Maluquer (1893), p. 257 (in French)
  311. 1 2 Dufau de Maluquer (1893), p. 591 (in French)
  312. 1 2 AD64, C 736
  313. ↑ Bascle de Lagrèze (1851), p. 131 (in French)
  314. ↑ Enschède (1888), p. 467 (in French)
  315. 1 2 3 4 5 6 Tierny/Pagel, p. 96, col. 2, f. 14, v° (in French)
  316. 1 2 3 4 5 AD32, B 20, 1584, f° 14, v° (in French)
  317. 1 2 3 4 5 6 Bourrousse de Laffore (1860), Tome 3, p. 180 (in French)
  318. 1 2 3 4 Tierny/Pagel, p. 39, col. 2. f. 99 (in French)
  319. 1 2 3 AD32, B 6, 1556-1557, f° 99
  320. 1 2 CNRTL, Viguier (in French)
  321. 1 2 AD64, E 2001
  322. 1 2 AD64, E 1488
  323. 1 2 3 4 AD64, B 1869
  324. 1 2 3 4 Laussat (1871), p. 163 (in French)
  325. 1 2 Dufau de Maluquer (1907), p. 67 (in French)
  326. 1 2 Laussat (1871), p. 164 (in French)
  327. 1 2 Dufau de Maluquer (1907), pp. 68-69 (in French)
  328. 1 2 3 4 Dufau de Maluquer (1907), p. 71 (in French)
  329. 1 2 Dufau de Maluquer (1907), p. 70 (in French)
  330. 1 2 3 4 5 6 Laussat (1871), p. 256 (in French)
  331. ↑ AD64, B 848, f° 4
  332. 1 2 3 4 Raymond (1863), p. 89 (in French)
  333. ↑ Laussat (1871), p. 129 (in French)
  334. ↑ Lacaze (1886), p. 51 (in French)
  335. ↑ AD64, E 1973, f° 5
  336. ↑ AD64, E 1980, f° 68
  337. ↑ AD64, E 2007, f° 75
  338. ↑ AD64, E 2017, f° 65
  339. ↑ AD64, E 2046, f° 14
  340. ↑ Lacaze (1888), p. 281 (in French)
  341. ↑ Expilly, Jean-Joseph: Dictionnaire Géographique, Historique et Politique des Gaules et de la France, Tome 5, p. 587 (in French)
  342. ↑ Ville de Pau, Analyse du site, p. 6 (in French)
  343. 1 2 3 Lacaze (1880), p. 91 (in Béarnese)
  344. 1 2 Archives Communales de Pau, D 21, p. 153
  345. 1 2 Lacaze (1888), pp. 190-191 (in French)
  346. 1 2 3 AD64, C 1047
  347. 1 2 Lacaze (1888), pp. 194-198 (in French)
  348. 1 2 3 Lacaze (1888), p. 309 (in French)
  349. ↑ Dufau de Maluquer, Armorial de Béarn, Tome 3, Nr. 132, Jean de Camgran, p. 6, Footnote 6 (in French)
  350. ↑ Lacaze (1888), p. 308 (in French)
  351. ↑ AD64, E 306, f° 37/p. 21 (manuscript in Béarnese)
  352. 1 2 3 AD64, E 1987
  353. 1 2 AD64, G 341
  354. 1 2 Lacaze (1886), p. 53 (in French)
  355. ↑ Etcheverry (1943), p. 6 (in French)
  356. ↑ Dufau de Maluquer (1907), p. 74 (in French)
  357. ↑ SSLAP (1895), p. 67 (in French)
  358. 1 2 SSLAP (1896), p. 142 (in French)
  359. ↑ AD64, B 288
  360. 1 2 AD64, E 2015
  361. 1 2 3 AD64, E 2019
  362. 1 2 AD64, E 2017
  363. 1 2 3 4 AD64, E 2022
  364. ↑ SSLAP (1896), p. 141 (in French)
  365. ↑ Etcheverry (1943), p. 8 (in French)
  366. ↑ AD64, B 3616
  367. 1 2 3 4 5 AD64, E 2033
  368. ↑ Bourrousse de Laffore (1860), Tome 3, p. 171
  369. 1 2 Visites en Aquitaine, Maison Noble de Caubeyran (in French)
  370. 1 2 AD64, E 1368
  371. 1 2 AD64, B 3918
  372. ↑ AD64, B 3667
  373. ↑ AD64, B 354
  374. ↑ AD64, B 3895
  375. ↑ AD64, B 3883
  376. ↑ AD64, B 3809
  377. ↑ AD64, B 3781
  378. ↑ AD64, B3792
  379. ↑ AD64, B 5986
  380. ↑ AD64, B 3578
  381. ↑ AD64, B 3796
  382. 1 2 AD64, E 1756, f° 142 (in Béarnese)
  383. ↑ Laborde (1914), p. 3 (in French)
  384. ↑ AD64, Pau Sépultures 1646-1662, f° 23 (manuscript in French)
  385. 1 2 3 AC Pau, BB 2, f° 419
  386. ↑ Laborde (1912), p. 97 (in French)
  387. ↑ Barthety (1906), p. 264 (in French)
  388. 1 2 Hozier (1717), Tome III, Béarn, p. 78, Nr. 441 (manuscript in French)
  389. ↑ AD64, B 5955
  390. ↑ Raymond (1874), p. 326 (in French)
  391. ↑ AD64, E 1896, f° 66 (in Béarnese)
  392. ↑ Lacaze (1880), pp. 113-114 (in Béarnese)
  393. 1 2 Laussat (1871), pp. 171-172 (in French)
  394. ↑ AD64, E 976
  395. ↑ AD64, E 263
  396. ↑ AD64, B 2479
  397. ↑ AD64, B 2390
  398. ↑ AD64, B 2473
  399. ↑ Bascle de Lagrèze (1851), p. 38 (in French)
  400. ↑ Laussat (1871), p. 192 (in French)
  401. ↑ AD64, B 2928
  402. ↑ AD64, B 3084
  403. ↑ AD64, B 3103
  404. ↑ AD64, E 2012
  405. 1 2 AD64, E 1005
  406. 1 2 AD64, E 2020
  407. ↑ Bordedarrère (1904), p. 248 (in French)
  408. 1 2 AD64, E 2029, f° 39
  409. ↑ Dufau de Maluquer/Jaurgain (1888), pp. 91-92 (in French)
  410. ↑ AD64, B 945
  411. ↑ Dufau de Maluquer/Jaurgain (1888), p. 91 (in French)
  412. ↑ AD64, E 1135
  413. ↑ Laborde (1912), pp. 94-95 (in French)
  414. ↑ Cadier (1907), pp. 136-137 (in French)
  415. ↑ AC Pau, BB 2, f° 350, v°
  416. ↑ Cadier (1907), p. 137 (in French)
  417. ↑ AD64, E 2047
  418. ↑ Charlet/Arbez (1997), p. 238 (in French)
  419. ↑ Dufau de Maluquer (1893), p. 501 (in French)
  420. ↑ AD64, E 1825, f° 341
  421. ↑ Raymond (1874), p. 149 (in French)
  422. ↑ AD64, E 2055, f° 135
  423. ↑ Institut d'Estudis Catalans, Diccionari de la llengua catalana, Segona edició (in Catalonian)
  424. ↑ SSLAP (1907), pp. 46 (in French)
  425. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 Chaix d'Est-Ange (1922), Tome 18, p. 316 (in French)
  426. ↑ AD64, E2046
  427. ↑ Ville de Pau, Analyse du site, p. 13 (in French)
  428. ↑ Lacaze (1888), pp. 194-195 (in French)
  429. ↑ Maluquer, Armorial de Béarn, Tome III, Nr. 132, Jean de Camgran, p. 6, Footnote 6 (in French)
  430. ↑ Lacaze (1888), pp. 220-221 (in French)
  431. ↑ Picamihl, Tome 1, Page 421 (in French)
  432. ↑ Lacaze (1888), p. 301 (in French)
  433. ↑ Blažek (1894), Part 3, p. 132 (in German)
  434. ↑ Blažek (1894), Part 3, p. 267, Table 85 (in German)
  435. ↑ Jougla de Morenas (1939), Tome 4, p. 28 (in French)
  436. ↑ Dufau de Maluquer (1896), p. 3 (in French)
  437. ↑ Dienemann (1767), p. 360 (in German)
  438. ↑ Poplimont (1874), p. 60 (in French)
  439. ↑ SSLAP (1907), p. 150 (in French)
  440. ↑ AD64, B 1460
  441. ↑ AD64, B 3925
  442. ↑ AD64, C 722
  443. ↑ AD64, E 2046
  444. ↑ Raymond (1863), p. 30 (in French)
  445. 1 2 AD64, E 2066
  446. ↑ AD64, E 2048, f° 43
  447. ↑ Laborde (1914), p. 21 (in French)
  448. ↑ AD64, Pau Sépultures 1727-1732, f° 78 (manuscript in French)
  449. ↑ Laborde (1914), p. 20 (in French)
  450. ↑ AD64, Pau Sépultures 1727-1732, f° 72 (manuscript in French)
  451. ↑ Laborde (1914), p. 9 (in French)
  452. ↑ AD64, Pau Sépultures 1692-1711, f° 208 (manuscript in French)
  453. 1 2 3 Dufau de Maluquer (1893), p. 474 (in French)
  454. ↑ Laborde (1914), p. 24 (in French)
  455. ↑ AD64, Pau Sépultures 1733-1742, f° 48 (manuscript in French)
  456. ↑ Lacaze (1886), p. 65 (in French)
  457. ↑ Bordedarrère (1904), p. 283 (in French)
  458. ↑ Laborde (1912), p. 43 (in French)
  459. ↑ Laborde (1912), p. 46 (in French)
  460. ↑ Laborde (1912), p. 101 (in French)
  461. 1 2 Laborde (1912), p. 40 (in French)
  462. ↑ Laborde (1912), p. 98 (in French)
  463. ↑ Laborde (1912), p. 108 (in French)
  464. ↑ Bordedarrère (1904), p. 290 (in French)
  465. ↑ AD64, C 739
  466. 1 2 3 Laborde (1914), p. 12 (in French)
  467. ↑ AD64, Pau Sépultures 1712-1723, f° 12 (manuscript in French)
  468. ↑ Laborde (1914), p. 16 (in French)
  469. ↑ AD64, Pau Sépultures 1724-1727, f° 84 (manuscript in French)
  470. ↑ Laborde (1914), p. 55 (in French)
  471. ↑ AD64, Pau Sépultures 1773-1782, f° 152 (manuscript in French)
  472. 1 2 AD64, Pau Sépultures 1733-1742, f° 149 (manuscript in French)
  473. 1 2 Laborde (1914), p. 28 (in French)
  474. 1 2 Laborde (1914), p. 29 (in French)
  475. ↑ AD64, Pau Sépultures 1743-1752, f° 12 (manuscript in French)
  476. 1 2 3 Dufau de Maluquer/Jaurgain (1887), p. 411 (in French)
  477. ↑ Laborde (1914), p. 15 (in French)
  478. ↑ AC Pau, GG 41, f° 14, v°
  479. ↑ Dufau de Maluquer (1893), p. 475 (in French)
  480. ↑ Dufau de Maluquer (1893), p. 476 (in French)
  481. ↑ AD64, B 3971
  482. ↑ AD64, C 1548, f° 19, n° 46 (manuscript in French)
  483. ↑ AD64, E 2052-1
  484. ↑ Cadier (1907), pp. 189-190 (in French)
  485. ↑ AD64, B 677
  486. ↑ Laborde (1914), p. 5 (in French)
  487. ↑ AD64, Pau Sépultures 1663-1691, f° 55 (manuscript in French)
  488. ↑ AD64, E 2063
  489. ↑ AD64, C 1246
  490. ↑ AD64, E 2054
  491. ↑ Laborde (1914), p. 10 (in French)
  492. ↑ AD64, Pau Sépultures 1692-1711, f° 255 (manuscript in French)
  493. ↑ Bordedarrère (1905), p. 13 (in French)
  494. ↑ AD64, Pau Sépultures 1712-1723, f° 17 (manuscript in French)
  495. ↑ Bordedarrère (1904), p. 255 (in French)
  496. ↑ Bordedarrère (1904), p. 257 (in French)
  497. ↑ Bordedarrère (1904), p. 258 (in French)
  498. ↑ Bascle de Lagrèze (1851), p. 169 (in French)
  499. ↑ Laborde (1914), p. 56 (in French)
  500. ↑ Laborde (1914), p. 57 (in French)
  501. ↑ Hozier (1717), Tome XIII, Guienne, p. 428 (manuscript in French)
  502. ↑ Hozier (1717), Tome III, Béarn, p. 21 (manuscript in French)
  503. ↑ Cavignac (1986), 4B 72, p. 6 (in French)
  504. 1 2 Cavignac (1986), 4B 73, p. 8 (in French)
  505. ↑ Cavignac (1986), 4B 78, p. 21 (in French)
  506. ↑ Contesse de Raymond (1866), Nr. 117
  507. ↑ O'Gilvy (1856), p. 213 French)
  508. 1 2 3 4 5 6 Dubois (1908), pp. 320-321 (in French)
  509. 1 2 3 4 Antoinetti, Cordoni & de Oliveira, p. 688 (in French)
  510. 1 2 Antoinetti, Cordoni & de Oliveira, p. 685 (in French)
  511. ↑ Fondation Napoléon, Biography (in English)
  512. ↑ d’Hauterive, Borel (1887). Annuaire de la noblesse de France et des maisons souveraines de l'Europe (in French). 43. Paris: Au bureau de la publication. p. 247.
  513. ↑ O'Gilvy (1856), p. 203 French)
  514. ↑ O'Gilvy (1858), pp. 65-66 (in French)
  515. ↑ Hozier (1717), Tome XIII, Guienne, p. 426 (manuscript in French)
  516. ↑ Mérimée-Architecture, Maison de notable, dite Château de Perréou (in French)
  517. ↑ Mérimée-Architecture, Maison dite hôtel de La Forcade du Tauzia (in French)
  518. ↑ "Cabinet des titres". Habitant.org. 2016-05-24. Retrieved 2016-09-15.
  519. 1 2 Bourrousse de Laffore (1860), Tome 3, p. 181 (in French)
  520. 1 2 3 Dufau de Maluquer (1896), p. 191 (in French)
  521. 1 2 AD64, 3 E 766-769
  522. 1 2 AD64, E 1811
  523. 1 2 AD64, E 1812
  524. 1 2 AD64, E 1881
  525. 1 2 Dufau de Maluquer (1893), p. 355 (in French)
  526. 1 2 AD64, E 1703
  527. 1 2 Dufau de Maluquer/Jaurgain (1887), pp. 209-211 (in French)
  528. 1 2 AD64, E 2032
  529. 1 2 AD64, E 1822
  530. 1 2 AD64, B 3987
  531. ↑ AD64, E 1772
  532. ↑ AD64, E 1788, f° 242
  533. ↑ AD64, E 1788, f° 382
  534. ↑ AD64, E 1814, f° 172, v°
  535. ↑ AD64, E 1792, f° 214
  536. ↑ AD64, E 1793, f° 167, v°
  537. ↑ GENEAGIL, Les titres de noblesse
  538. ↑ AD64, E 1798
  539. ↑ AD64, E 1801
  540. ↑ AD64, E 1809
  541. ↑ AD64, E 1814, f° 64
  542. ↑ AD64, E 1688 f° 214, v°
  543. ↑ AD64, C 721, f° 9
  544. 1 2 AD64, E 1692, f° 328
  545. ↑ AD64, E 1821
  546. ↑ Dufau de Maluquer/Jaurgain (1888), p. 406 (in French)
  547. ↑ AD64, B 6002
  548. ↑ AD64, C 691
  549. ↑ Batcave (1903), p. 135 (in French)
  550. ↑ AD64, E 1349
  551. ↑ AD64, E 1839
  552. ↑ AD64, E 1849
  553. ↑ AD64, E 1847
  554. ↑ AD64, 1 J 1004/7 Documents concernant la famille Forcade, Seigneurs du Domec de Dognen
  555. ↑ Raymond (1863), p. 56 (in French)
  556. ↑ Raymond (1863), p. 55 (in French)
  557. ↑ AD64, E 306, f° 44/p. 28, Left page, Middle Column, Bottom entry (manuscript in Bernese)
  558. 1 2 Jaurgain (1910), p. 23 (in French)
  559. ↑ AD64, E 1657, f° 53
  560. ↑ AD64, E 1663, f° 4, v°
  561. ↑ Dufau de Maluquer (1893), p. 162 (in French)
  562. ↑ AD64, E 1668, f° 539, v°
  563. 1 2 3 AD64, C 708
  564. 1 2 AD64, E 1674
  565. ↑ AD64, E 1181
  566. 1 2 AD64, E 1666
  567. 1 2 3 AD64, E 1662
  568. ↑ AD64, E 1636, f° 665
  569. ↑ AD64, E 1858
  570. ↑ Bordenave (de), Histoire de Béarn et Navarre, pp. 181-182, footnote 11 (in French)
  571. ↑ Dufau de Maluquer (1893), p. 484 (in French)
  572. ↑ AD64, E 1421
  573. ↑ AD64, E 1668
  574. 1 2 AD64, E 1670
  575. ↑ AD64, E 1671
  576. ↑ Jaurgain (1883), Tome 1, p. 498 pp. 497-501 (in French)
  577. ↑ AD64, B 662
  578. ↑ Jaurgain (1910), p. 243 (in French)
  579. 1 2 Jaurgain (1910), p. 244 (in French)
  580. ↑ AD64, E 1682
  581. ↑ AD64, C 1394
  582. ↑ AD64, E 1686
  583. ↑ AD64, E 1688
  584. ↑ AD64, E 1690
  585. ↑ AD64, E 1693
  586. ↑ AD64, E 1694
  587. 1 2 AD64, C 711
  588. ↑ Raymond (1863), p. 170 (in French)
  589. ↑ AD64, B 3264
  590. ↑ Jaurgain (1914–1917), p. 281 (in French)
  591. 1 2 AD64, C 1548, f° 15 (manuscript in French)
  592. 1 2 AD64, E 2063, f° 69
  593. 1 2 Dufau de Maluquer/Jaurgain (1887), p. 136 (in French)
  594. ↑ AD64, C 719
  595. ↑ AD64, C 1548 (manuscript in French)
  596. ↑ AC Pau, GG 7, f° 212
  597. ↑ Dufau de Maluquer/Jaurgain (1888), p. 242 (in French)

References

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