Deline

Deline
Délı̨ne
Charter Community

Great Bear Lake, NWT, Canada
Deline

Location of Deline within Canada

Coordinates: 65°11′12″N 123°25′18″W / 65.18667°N 123.42167°W / 65.18667; -123.42167Coordinates: 65°11′12″N 123°25′18″W / 65.18667°N 123.42167°W / 65.18667; -123.42167
Country Canada
Territory Northwest Territories
Region Sahtu Region
Constituency Sahtu
Census division Region 2
Charter Community 1 April 1993
Government
 • Chief Leonard Kenny
 • Senior Administrative Officer Rosy Ann Tutcho
 • MLA Norman Yakeleya
Area[1]
 • Land 79.44 km2 (30.67 sq mi)
Elevation 214 m (702 ft)
Population (2011)[1]
 • Total 472
 • Density 5.9/km2 (15/sq mi)
Time zone Mountain (MST) (UTC-7)
 • Summer (DST) MDT (UTC-6)
Canadian Postal code X0E 0G0
Area code(s) 867
Telephone exchange 589
- Living cost 172.5A
- Food price index 172.1B
Website www.deline.ca
Sources:
Department of Municipal and Community Affairs,[2]
Prince of Wales Northern Heritage Centre,[3]
Canada Flight Supplement[4]
^A 2009 figure based on Edmonton = 100[5]
^B 2012 figure based on Yellowknife = 100[5]

The Charter Community of Délįne (pronounced "day-li-neh") is located in the Sahtu Region of the Northwest Territories, Canada, on the western shore of Great Bear Lake and is 544 km (338 mi) northwest of Yellowknife. Délįne means "where the waters flow", a reference to the headwaters of the Great Bear River, Sahtúdé.

History

On the shores of Great Bear Lake

According to early records, a trading post was established in this general area as early as 1799 by the North West Company, but it did not last very many years. In 1825, Peter Warren Dease of the Hudson's Bay Company (HBC) erected an outpost here as the staging area and winter quarters for Sir John Franklin's second Arctic expedition (1825–1827). It became known as Fort Franklin. Sir John Franklin's diary records that his men played ice sports very similar to what we now call hockey. As such, the modern-day town promotes itself as one of the birthplaces of the sport of ice hockey.[6]

The HBC returned and established a post called Fort Norman a short distance west, and across the lake narrows, from John Franklin's original post, between 1863 and 1869, and then relocated Fort Norman to its current location at the confluence of the Mackenzie and Bear Rivers (now Tulita). [7]

Fort Franklin as a modern era trading post of the HBC was not established until later in the 19th century. It was constructed at one of the most productive Dene fisheries in the Mackenzie River drainage basin and was for the benefit of the Dene people who lived in near isolation along the shores of Great Bear Lake.

The area became prominent when pitchblende was discovered at the Eldorado Mine, some 250 km (160 mi) away, on the eastern shore, at Port Radium. During World War II, the Canadian Government took over the mine and began to produce uranium for the then-secret American nuclear bomb project. Uranium product was transported from Port Radium by barge across Great Bear Lake where a portage network was established along the Bear River, across the bay from Fort Franklin, where many of the Dene men found work. As the risks associated with radioactive materials were not well communicated, it is believed that many of the Dene were exposed to dangerous amounts of radiation,[8] which Déline residents believe resulted in the development of cancer and led to premature deaths.[9][10]

The name of Fort Franklin was changed on 1 June 1993 to Délįne, which means "where the waters flow", a reference to the headwaters of the Great Bear River, Sahtúdé.

Nearby Saoyú-ʔehdacho, the largest National Historic Site of Canada in the country, was designated in 1997 and is jointly administered by Parks Canada and the Déline First Nation.

In March 2016, a tank truck fell partway through the ice road just a few days after the government had increased the allowed maximum weight limit to 40,000 kg (88,000 lb) on the road. The truck which was 3 km (1.9 mi) outside of Déline, and close to the communities fresh water intake as well as a major fishing area, contained approximately 30,000 l (6,600 imp gal; 7,900 US gal) of heating fuel and was one of 70 truck loads intended to resupply the community. The fuel was removed from the truck by 2 am, 8 March.[11][12][13]

Archaeology

John Franklin's 1825-1827 outpost was excavated by the Prince of Wales Northern Heritage Centre in 1987. The excavation uncovered beads, rings, and buttons indicating the extent of trade between the Dene and Europeans. The site is protected by the Northwest Territories Archaeological Sites Regulations. In 1996, the site was designated a National Historic Site of Canada.[14]

Climate

Climate data for Deline Airport
Month Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Year
Record high humidex 2.8 0.5 3.8 16.6 22.8 29.8 33.5 31.8 22.9 20.5 2.4 0.3 33.5
Record high °C (°F) 2.5
(36.5)		 1.0
(33.8)		 4.0
(39.2)		 16.0
(60.8)		 22.5
(72.5)		 29.3
(84.7)		 31.0
(87.8)		 32.0
(89.6)		 23.5
(74.3)		 20.8
(69.4)		 4.8
(40.6)		 3.3
(37.9)		 32.0
(89.6)
Average high °C (°F) −20.9
(−5.6)		 −18.5
(−1.3)		 −13.9
(7)		 −1.9
(28.6)		 7.4
(45.3)		 16.8
(62.2)		 19.4
(66.9)		 16.6
(61.9)		 10.2
(50.4)		 −0.8
(30.6)		 −11.5
(11.3)		 −17.6
(0.3)		 −1.2
(29.8)
Daily mean °C (°F) −25.0
(−13)		 −23.2
(−9.8)		 −19.5
(−3.1)		 −7.7
(18.1)		 2.5
(36.5)		 10.7
(51.3)		 13.3
(55.9)		 11.2
(52.2)		 5.7
(42.3)		 −3.9
(25)		 −15.4
(4.3)		 −22.0
(−7.6)		 −6.1
(21)
Average low °C (°F) −28.9
(−20)		 −27.8
(−18)		 −25.1
(−13.2)		 −13.6
(7.5)		 −2.5
(27.5)		 4.4
(39.9)		 7.2
(45)		 5.8
(42.4)		 1.3
(34.3)		 −7.0
(19.4)		 −19.2
(−2.6)		 −26.3
(−15.3)		 −11.0
(12.2)
Record low °C (°F) −49.1
(−56.4)		 −43.3
(−45.9)		 −43.3
(−45.9)		 −35.0
(−31)		 −23.3
(−9.9)		 −4.0
(24.8)		 −1.8
(28.8)		 −4.9
(23.2)		 −13.3
(8.1)		 −29.7
(−21.5)		 −37.4
(−35.3)		 −43.0
(−45.4)		 −49.1
(−56.4)
Record low wind chill −57.2 −54.0 −55.3 −40.4 −27.6 −6.4 0.0 −3.6 −16.3 −34.4 −46.7 −54.7 −57.2
Average precipitation mm (inches) 10.3
(0.406)		 11.2
(0.441)		 10.3
(0.406)		 10.1
(0.398)		 14.8
(0.583)		 24.3
(0.957)		 40.3
(1.587)		 43.2
(1.701)		 39.5
(1.555)		 31.1
(1.224)		 21.7
(0.854)		 11.9
(0.469)		 268.7
(10.579)
Average rainfall mm (inches) 0.0
(0)		 0.0
(0)		 0.0
(0)		 0.1
(0.004)		 12.2
(0.48)		 24.2
(0.953)		 40.3
(1.587)		 43.2
(1.701)		 37.1
(1.461)		 4.9
(0.193)		 0.4
(0.016)		 0.0
(0)		 162.3
(6.39)
Average snowfall cm (inches) 13.0
(5.12)		 16.9
(6.65)		 17.1
(6.73)		 12.3
(4.84)		 3.4
(1.34)		 0.2
(0.08)		 0.0
(0)		 0.0
(0)		 2.4
(0.94)		 32.2
(12.68)		 35.2
(13.86)		 17.3
(6.81)		 150.0
(59.06)
Average precipitation days (≥ 0.2 mm) 5.4 6.8 7.5 3.9 6.1 8.0 10.4 12.3 12.4 12.4 10.1 7.2 102.4
Average rainy days (≥ 0.2 mm) 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.2 4.5 8.0 10.4 12.3 11.8 2.4 0.1 0.0 49.7
Average snowy days (≥ 0.2 cm) 6.7 7.5 9.4 4.2 1.7 0.1 0.0 0.0 0.9 10.5 11.4 8.9 61.4
Average relative humidity (%) 74.9 76.1 76.7 75.0 63.0 54.5 58.2 62.1 65.7 82.6 82.5 76.1 70.6
Source: Environment Canada Canadian Climate Normals 1981–2010[15]

Land claims and self-government

Délįne is represented by the Déline First Nation and belongs to the Sahtu Dene Council.[16] Through the council, they completed negotiations with the Government of Canada for a comprehensive land claim settlement in 1993.

Pursuant to the 1993 Sahtu Dene and Metis Comprehensive Land Claim Agreement, Déline subsequently negotiated a self-government agreement with the Government of the Northwest Territories and the Government of Canada. The Final Self-Government Agreement was ratified by a majority vote of Déline's membership in March 2014. The Final Self-Government Agreement was signed by its leadership, by the Government of the Northwest Territories and by the Government of Canada in February 2015, enacted by the Legislative Assembly of the Northwest Territories in March 2015, and enacted by the Parliament of Canada in June 2015 through Bill C-63. The Final Self-Government Agreement is a Treaty within the meaning of ss. 25 and 35 of the Constitution Act, 1982, and, once in effect, will cause much of the Indian Act to cease to apply to Déline's citizens.

Demographics

Historical population
YearPop.±%
1996645—    
1997636−1.4%
1998615−3.3%
1999599−2.6%
2000568−5.2%
2001566−0.4%
2002550−2.8%
2003556+1.1%
2004546−1.8%
YearPop.±%
2005545−0.2%
2006545+0.0%
2007549+0.7%
2008559+1.8%
2009559+0.0%
2010552−1.3%
2011561+1.6%
2012559−0.4%
Sources: NWT Bureau of Statistics (2001 - 2012)[5]

The population at the 2011 census was 472, a decrease of 10.1% from the 2006 census.[1] In the 2006 Census, there were 495 Aboriginal people made up of 465 North American Indians, Sahtu Dene people speaking North Slavey, 15 Métis people and 15 Inuit.[17] In 2012, the Government of the Northwest Territories reported that the population was 559, with an average yearly growth rate of -0.1% from 2001.[5]

See also

References

  1. 1 2 3 Déline, CC Northwest Territories (Census subdivision)
  2. ↑ "NWT Communities - Deline". Government of the Northwest Territories: Department of Municipal and Community Affairs. Retrieved 2013-01-21.
  3. ↑ "Northwest Territories Official Community Names and Pronunciation Guide". Prince of Wales Northern Heritage Centre. Yellowknife: Education, Culture and Employment, Government of the Northwest Territories. Archived from the original on 2016-01-13. Retrieved 2016-01-13.
  4. ↑ Canada Flight Supplement. Effective 0901Z 15 September 2016 to 0901Z 10 November 2016
  5. 1 2 3 4 Deline - Statistical Profile at the GNWT
  6. ↑ Boswell, Randy (17 September 2011). "Deline, NWT: The 'birthplace' of hockey?". NunatsiaqOnline. Nunatsiaq News. Archived from the original on 9 February 2015. Retrieved 9 February 2015.
  7. ↑ Petitot, Emile. Travels Around Great Slave and Great Bear Lakes, 1862–1882. Toronto: The Champlain Society, 2005.
  8. ↑ They Never Told Us These Things
  9. ↑ "7 Sep 1998, Page 54 - at Newspapers.com". Newspapers.com. Retrieved 2016-03-25.
  10. ↑ "A Village of Widows". arcticcircle.uconn.edu. Retrieved 2016-03-25.
  11. ↑ "Fuel tanker plunges through Deline, N.W.T., ice road". CBC News. 5 March 2016. Retrieved 14 March 2016.
  12. ↑ "N.W.T. hopes to remove fuel from tanker stuck in ice near Deline quickly". CBC News. 7 March 2016. Retrieved 15 March 2016.
  13. ↑ "Fuel load successfully drained from tanker stuck in ice near Deline, N.W.T.". CBC News. 8 March 2016. Retrieved 15 March 2016.
  14. ↑ Déline Fishery / Franklin's Fort National Historic Site of Canada. Canadian Register of Historic Places. Retrieved 4 October 2013.
  15. ↑ "Deline A" (CSV (3069 KB)). Canadian Climate Normals 1981–2010. Environment Canada. Climate ID: 22010KA. Retrieved 2014-01-09.
  16. ↑ Indian and Northern Affairs Canada
  17. ↑ 2006 Aboriginal Population Profile
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