Cottian Alps

Cottian Alps
French: Alpes Cottiennes; Italian: Alpi Cozie
Monte Viso in the Cottian Alps, seen from the Rocciamelone
Highest point
Peak	Monte Viso
Elevation	3,841 m (12,602 ft)
Coordinates	44°40′18″N 7°15′13″E / 44.67167°N 7.25361°E / 44.67167; 7.25361
Geography
Location
Countries	Italy and France
States/Provinces	Piedmont, Rhône-Alpes and Provence-Alpes-Côte d'Azur
Range coordinates	44°45′N 7°00′E / 44.75°N 7°E / 44.75; 7Coordinates: 44°45′N 7°00′E / 44.75°N 7°E / 44.75; 7
Parent range	Alps
Borders on	List Graian Alps Dauphiné Alps Provence Alps and Prealps Maritime Alps Po plain
Geology
Orogeny	Alpine orogeny

The Cottian Alps (/ˈkɒtiən ˈælps/; French: Alpes Cottiennes [alp kɔtjɛn]; Italian: Alpi Cozie [ˈalpi ˈkɔttsje]); are a mountain range in the southwestern part of the Alps. They form the border between France (Hautes-Alpes and Savoie) and Italy (Piedmont). The Fréjus Road Tunnel and Fréjus Rail Tunnel between Modane and Susa are important transportation arteries between France (Lyon, Grenoble) and Italy (Turin).

Etymology

Roman aqueduct of Susa

The name Cottian comes from Marcus Julius Cottius, a king of the tribes inhabiting that mountainous region in the 1st century BC. These tribes had previously opposed but later made peace with Julius Caesar. Cottius was succeeded by his son, also named Marcus Julius Cottius, who was granted the title of king by the emperor Claudius.

On his death, Nero annexed his kingdom as the province of Alpes Cottiae.^[1]

History

For a long part of the Middle Ages the Cottian Alps were divided between the Duchy of Savoy, which controlled their northern part and the easternmost slopes, and the Dauphiné, which at the time was independent from France. The Dauphins also held, in addition to the southwestern slopes of the range (Briançon and Queyras, now on the French side), the upper part of some of the valleys that were tributaries of the Po River (Valle di Susa, Chisone valley, Varaita Valley). The Alpine territory of Dauphiné, known as Escartons, used to have a limited autonomy and elected its own parliament.^[2] This semi-autonomous status lasted also after the annexation of the Dauphiné to France (1349), and was only abolished in 1713 due to the Treaty of Utrecht, which assigned to the House of Savoy all the mountainous area on the eastern side of the Cottian Alps.^[3]

After the treaty annexing Nice and Savoy to France, signed in Turin in March 1860 (Treaty of Turin), the north-western slopes of the range became part of the French republic.^[4]

Two eastern valleys of the Cottian Alps (Pellice and Germanasca) have been for centuries a kind of sanctuary for the Waldensians, a Christian movement founded by Peter Waldo and which was persecuted as heretical from the 12th century onwards.^[5]

Geography

Administratively the range is divided between the Italian provinces of Cuneo and Turin (the eastern slopes) and the French departments of Savoie, Hautes-Alpes, and Alpes-de-Haute-Provence (the western slopes).

The Cottian Alps are drained by the rivers Durance and Arc and their tributaries on the French side; and by the Dora Riparia and other tributaries of the Po on the Italian side.

Borders

The borders of the Cottian Alps are (clockwise):

• the Maddalena Pass to the south, which connects the Cottian Alps with the Maritime Alps;
• the Ubayette Valley, the Ubaye Valley, the Serre-Ponçon Lake, the high Durance Valley, and the Guisane Valley to the southwest;
• the Col du Galibier to the west, which connects the Cottian Alps with the Dauphiné Alps;
• the Valloirette Valley, the Maurienne Valley, and the Chardoux Creek to the northwest;
• the Mont Cenis Pass to the north, which connects the Cottian Alps with the Graian Alps;
• Mont Cenis Lake, the Cenischia Valley, the Dora Riparia Valley, the Po Plain, and the Varaita Valley to the east.

Peaks

The Northern Cottian Alps from Pointe Clairy

The chief peaks of the Cottian Alps are:

Passes

Colle d'Agnello/Col Agnel, 2,744 m

The chief passes of the Cottian Alps are:

See also

• Alpes Cottiae (the original Roman province)
• Cottius
• Donnus
• Ambin group

Maps

• Italian official cartography (Istituto Geografico Militare - IGM); on-line version: www.pcn.minambiente.it
• French official cartography (Institut Géographique National - IGN); on-line version: www.geoportail.fr

References

 This article incorporates text from a publication now in the public domain: Chisholm, Hugh, ed. (1911). "^{article name needed}". Encyclopædia Britannica (11th ed.). Cambridge University Press.