College football national championships in NCAA Division I FBS

National championships in NCAA Division I FBS
National Championship Trophies AP (since 1936)
Grantland Rice (1954–2013)
MacArthur (since 1959)
AFCA (since 1986)
College Football Playoff (since 2014)
Longest Continuous Selector Associated Press (1936–present)
First Season Awarded 1869
Last Completed Season 2015

A college football national championship in the highest level of play in the United States, currently the NCAA Division I Football Bowl Subdivision (FBS), is a designation awarded annually by various organizations to their selection of the best college football team. Division I FBS football is the only National Collegiate Athletic Association (NCAA) sport for which the NCAA does not sanction a yearly championship event. As such, it is sometimes unofficially referred to as a "mythical national championship".[1][2][3][4]

Due to the lack of an official NCAA title, determining the nation's top college football team has often engendered controversy.[5] A championship team is independently declared by multiple individuals and organizations, often referred to as "selectors".[6]:107–109[7] These choices are not always unanimous.[5] While the NCAA has never officially endorsed a championship team, it has documented the choices of some selectors in its official NCAA Football Bowl Subdivision Records publication.[6]:107–119 In addition, various analysts have independently published their own choices for each season. These opinions can often diverge with others as well as individual schools' claims to national titles, which may or may not correlate to the selections published elsewhere.

Currently, two widely recognized national champion selectors are the Associated Press, which conducts a poll of sportswriters, and the Coaches' Poll, a survey of active members of the American Football Coaches Association. Since 1992, various consortia of major bowl games have aimed to invite the top two teams at the end of the regular season (as determined by internal rankings, or aggregates of the major polls and other statistics) to invite in a de facto national championship game. The current iteration of this practice, the College Football Playoff, selects four teams to participate in national semi-finals hosted by two of six partner bowl games, with their winners advancing to the College Football Playoff National Championship.

History

The concept of a national championship in college football dates to the early years of the sport in the late 19th century,[8] and the earliest contemporaneous polls can be traced to Caspar Whitney, Charles Patterson, and The Sun in 1901.[9] Therefore, the concept of polls and national champions predated mathematical ranking systems, but it was Frank Dickinson's math system that was one of the first to be widely popularized. His system named 10–0 Stanford the national champion of 1926, prior to their tie with Alabama in the Rose Bowl. A curious Knute Rockne, then coach of Notre Dame, had Dickinson backdate two seasons, which produced Notre Dame as the 1924 national champion and Dartmouth in 1925.[10]

A number of other mathematical systems were born in the 1920s and 1930s and were the only organized methods selecting national champions until the Associated Press began polling sportswriters in 1936 to obtain rankings. Alan J. Gould, the creator of the AP Poll, named Minnesota, Princeton, and SMU tri-champions in 1935, and polled writers the following year, which resulted in a national championship for Minnesota.[10] The AP's main competition, United Press, created the first poll of coaches in 1950. For that year and the next three, the AP and UP agreed on the national champion. The first "split" championship occurred in 1954, when the writers selected Ohio State and the coaches chose UCLA.[10] The two polls also disagreed in 1957, 1965, 1970, 1973, 1974, 1978, 1990, 1991, 1997, and 2003.[7] The Coaches' Poll would stay with United Press (UP) when they merged with International News Service (INS) to form United Press International (UPI) but was acquired by USA Today and CNN in 1991. The poll was in the hands of ESPN from 1997 to 2005 before moving to sole ownership by USA Today. Beginning in 2014, Amway became a joint sponsor with USA Today.[11]

Though some of the math systems selected champions after the bowl games, both of the major polls released their rankings after the end of the regular season until the AP polled writers after the bowls in 1965, resulting in what was perceived at the time as a better championship selection (Alabama) than UPI's (Michigan State).[10] After 1965, the AP again voted before the bowls for two years, before permanently returning to a post-bowl vote in 1968. The coaches did not conduct a vote after the bowls until 1974, in the wake of awarding their 1973 championship to Alabama, who lost to the AP champion, undefeated Notre Dame, in the Sugar Bowl.[10] The AP and Coaches' polls remain the major rankings to this day.

The Bowl Championship Series, famous for its use of math, was the successor of the Bowl Alliance (1995–1997), which was itself the successor of the Bowl Coalition (1992–1994).[12] Besides the many adjustments it underwent during its tenure, including a large overhaul following the 2004 season that included the replacement of the AP Poll with the Harris poll, the BCS remained a mixture of math and human polls since its inception in 1998, with the goal of matching the best two teams in the nation in a national championship bowl game which rotated yearly between the Sugar, Fiesta, Rose, and Orange from 1998 to 2005, and later a standalone game titled the BCS National Championship Game (2006 to 2013).[10] The winner of the BCS Championship Game was awarded the national championship of the Coaches' Poll thus winning the AFCA National Championship Trophy. The BCS winner also received the MacArthur Trophy from the National Football Foundation.[13] Neither the AP Poll, nor other current selectors, had contractual obligations to select the BCS champion as their national champion.[14] The BCS resulted in a number of controversies, most notably after the 2003 season, when the BCS championship game did not include eventual AP champion USC, the only time the two championships have diverged since the advent of the BCS. After many seasons of controversy, the BCS was replaced with the College Football Playoff, a Plus-One system aimed at reducing the controversy involved in which teams get to play in a championship game through use of a playoff.

National championships in the official NCAA Football Bowl Subdivision records

The NCAA maintains an official records book of historical statistics and records for football. In the records book, with consultation from various college football historians, it has created and maintains a list of "major selectors" of national championships throughout the history of college football along with their championship picks for each season.[6]:107–116

Major selectors

A variety of selectors have named national champions throughout the years. They generally can be divided into four categories: those determined by mathematical formula, human polls, historical research, and recently, playoffs. The selectors below are listed in the official NCAA Football Bowl Subdivision Records as having been deemed to be "major selectors" for which the criteria is that the poll or selector be "national in scope either through distribution in newspaper, television, radio and/or computer online".[6]:107–109 The former selectors, deemed instrumental in the sport of college football, and selectors that were included for the calculation of the BCS standing, are listed together.[6]:107–116,119

Math

The mathematical system is the oldest systematic selector of college football national champions. Many of the math selectors were created during the "championship rush" of the 1920s and 1930s, beginning with Frank Dickinson's system, or during the dawn of the computer age in the 1990s. Selectors are listed below with years selected retroactively in italics.

Selector Name Seasons
A&H Anderson & Hester 1997–present
AS Alderson System 1994–1998
B(QPRS) Berryman (QPRS) 1920–1989, 1990–2011
BCS Bowl Championship Series* 1998–2013
BR Billingsley Report 1869–1870, 1872–1969, 1970–present
BS Boand System 1919–1929, 1930–1960
CCR Congrove Computer Rankings 1993–present
CM Colley Matrix 2001–present
CW Caspar Whitney 1905–1907
DeS DeVold System 1939–1944, 1945–2006
DiS Dickinson System 1924–1925, 1926–1940
DuS Dunkel System 1929–present
ERS Eck Ratings System 1987–2005
HS Houlgate System 1885, 1887–1905, 1907–1926, 1927–1949
L Litkenhous 1934–1972, 1974, 1978, 1981–1984
MCFR Massey College Football Ratings 1995–present
MGR Matthews Grid Ratings 1966–1972, 1974–2006
NYT New York Times 1979–2004
PS Poling System 1924–1934, 1935–1955, 1957–1984
R(FACT) Rothman (FACT) 1968–2006
SR Sagarin Ratings 1919–1977, 1978–present
W Wolfe 2001–present
WS Williamson System 1931, 1932–1963

*The BCS used a mathematical system that combined polls (Coaches' and Harris) and multiple computer rankings (including some individual selectors listed above) to determine a season ending matchup between its top two ranked teams in the BCS Championship Game. The champion of that game was contractually awarded the Coaches' Poll and National Football Foundation championships.

Poll

The poll has been the dominant national champion selector since the inception of the AP Poll in 1936. It is notable that the NFF merged with UPI from 1991 to 1992 and USA Today from 1993 to 1994. Selectors are listed below with years selected retroactively in italics.

For many years, the national champion of various polls were selected prior to the bowl games. The national champion was selected before bowl games as follows: AP (1936–1964 and 1966–1967), Coaches' Poll (1950–1973), FWAA (1954), and NFF (1959–1970). In all other latter-day polls, champions were selected after bowl games.[6]:107–119

During the BCS era, the winner of the BCS Championship Game was automatically awarded the national championship of the Coaches' Poll and the National Football Foundation.

Selector Name Seasons
AP Associated Press 1936–present
Coaches'
  BRC
  UPI
  USAT/CNN
  USAT/ESPN
  USAT
  USAT/AMWAY 		American Football Coaches Association
  AFCA Blue Ribbon Commission
  United Press International
  USA Today/CNN
  USA Today/ESPN
  USA Today
  USA Today/Amway 		1922–present
  1922–1949a
  1950–1990b
  1991–1996
  1997–2004
  2005–2013
  2014–present
CFRA College Football Researchers Association 1919–1935, 1936–1981, 1982–1992, 2010–present
FN Football News 1958–2002
FWAA Football Writers Association of America 1954–2013
HAF Helms Athletic Foundation 1883–1935, 1936–1940, 1941–1982
INS International News Service 1952–1957
NCF National Championship Foundation 1869–1870, 1872–1935, 1936–1979, 1980–2000
NFF National Football Foundation 1959–1990,c, e 1995–present
SN Sporting News 1975–2006
UPI United Press International 1950–1990,b 1993–1995
UPI/NFF United Press International/National Football Foundation 1991–1992c
USAT USA Today 2005–2013b
USAT/AMWAY USA Today/Amway 2014–presentb
USAT/CNN USA Today/CNN 1982–1996d
USAT/ESPN USA Today/ESPN 1997–2004b
USAT/NFF USA Today/National Football Foundation 1993–1994e

aAt the request of several schools, the AFCA established a "Blue Ribbon Commission" in 2016 to begin retroactively selecting Coaches' Trophy winners from 1922 through 1949.[15]

bServed as the Coaches' Poll during the designated years. The 2004 AFCA National Championship awarded to USC in conjunction with the BCS was vacated by the BCS and the AFCA Coaches' Trophy was returned.[16]

cThe UPI Poll conducted the Coaches' Poll through the 1990 season, which was subsequently taken over by the CNN/USAToday. UPI then conducted a poll of National Football Foundation members in 1991 and 1992, the winner of which was designated by the NFF as its national champion and received the MacArthur Trophy.

dUSAT/CNN conducted its own poll of college football sportswriters until it took over the Coaches' Poll starting with the 1991 season.

eUSA Today took over the poll of the National Football Foundation's members in 1993 from the UPI, and its winner was designated by the NFF as its national champion and received the MacArthur Trophy. The poll was conducted by USA Today through the 1996 season, although national championship selections in the NCAA Football Bowl Subdivision Records do not distinguish the NFF from the USAT/NFF poll in 1995 and 1996. USA Today conducted this poll separately from the CNN/USAToday Coaches' Poll, and the two should not be confused.

Research

College football historian Parke H. Davis is the only selector considered by the NCAA to have primarily used research in his selections.[6]:107–109 Davis did all of his work in 1933, naming retroactive national champions for most of the years from 1869 to 1932 and naming Michigan and Princeton (his alma mater) co-champions at the end of the 1933 season.

Selector Name Seasons
PD Parke H. Davis 1869–1870, 1872–1909, 1911–1916, 1919–1932, 1933

Playoff

Unlike all selectors prior to 2014, the College Football Playoff does not use math, polls or research to select the participants. Rather, a 13-member committee selects and seeds the teams.[17] The playoff system marked the first time the top-level NCAA football championship was determined by a bracket competition.

Selector Name Seasons
CFP College Football Playoff 2014–present

Yearly national championship selections from major selectors

Below is a list of the national champions of college football from 1869 to present (with the exception of 1871, in which no games were played) deemed to be chosen by "major selectors" as listed in the official NCAA Football Bowl Subdivision Records.[6]:107–109 Many teams did not have coaches as late as 1899. "Consensus" selectors in the official NCAA Football Bowl Subdivision Records correspond to the period from 1950 to present which began with the introduction of the two poll system upon the appearance of the Coaches Poll in 1950. Selectors used to determine teams listed as "Consensus National Champions" in the NCAA Football Bowl Subdivision Records include the AP Poll, Coaches' Poll, Football Writers Association of America, and the National Football Foundation/College Football Hall of Fame.[6]:119

The first contemporaneous poll to include teams across the country and selection of a national champions can be traced to Caspar Whitney in 1901.[9] The last retroactive selection was made by Clyde Berryman in 1989 (Notre Dame). The tie was removed from college football in 1995 and the last consensus champion with a tie in its record was Georgia Tech in 1990. The 1947 Michigan Wolverines are often credited with a national championship on the basis of a "free poll" conducted by an AP sportswriter after the 1948 Rose Bowl, though that poll was unofficial and it is not recognized in the official NCAA Football Bowl Subdivision Records.[6]:107–109

Note that the Harris Interactive Poll (2005–2013) was contracted by the BCS to help formulate its standings, and although its final ranking which occurs prior to the bowl games is listed in the official NCAA Football Bowl Subdivision Records, it does not conduct a final poll or award or name a national champion on its own and so has been eliminated from the following table.[18]

As designated by the official NCAA Football Bowl Subdivision Records, the table below shows:

A letter next to any season, team, record, coach or selector indicates a footnote that appears at the bottom of the chart/table. For example, the 2004 champion (USC) has a footnote (b), leading to explanatory information at the bottom.

Season Champion(s) Record Coach Selector(s)
1869 Princeton 1–1 BR, NCF, PD
Rutgers 1–1 PD
1870 Princeton 1–0 BR, NCF, PD
1871 None (no games) N/A N/A
1872 Princeton 1–0 BR, NCF, PD
Yale 1–0 PD
1873 Princeton 2–0 BR, NCF, PD
1874 Harvard 1–1 PD
Princeton 2–0 BR, PD
Yale 3–0 NCF, PD
1875 Columbia 3–1–1 PD
Harvard 4–0 NCF, PD
Princeton 2–0 BR, PD
1876 Yale 3–0 BR, NCF, PD
1877 Princeton 2–0–1 BR, PD
Yale 3–0–1 NCF, PD
1878 Princeton 6–0 BR, NCF, PD
1879 Princeton 4–0–1 BR, NCF, PD
Yale 3–0–2 PD
1880 Princeton 4–0–1 NCF, PD
Yale 4–0–1 BR, NCF, PD
1881 Princeton 7–0–2 BR, PD
Yale 5–0–1 NCF, PD
1882 Yale 8–0 BR, NCF, PD
1883 Yale 9–0 BR, HAF, NCF, PD
1884 Princeton 9–0–1 BR, PD
Yale 8–0–1 HAF, NCF, PD
1885 Princeton 9–0 BR, HAF, HS, NCF, PD
1886 Princeton 7–0–1 BR, PD
Yale 9–0–1 HAF, NCF, PD
1887 Yale 9–0 BR, HAF, HS, NCF, PD
1888 Yale 13–0 Walter Camp BR, HAF, HS, NCF, PD
1889 Princeton 10–0 BR, HAF, HS, NCF, PD
1890 Harvard 11–0 George C. Adams, George A. Stewart BR, HAF, HS, NCF, PD
1891 Yale 13–0 Walter Camp BR, HAF, HS, NCF, PD
1892 Yale 13–0 Walter Camp BR, HAF, HS, NCF, PD
1893 Princeton 11–0 BR, HAF, HS, NCF
Yale 10–1 William Rhodes PD
1894 Penn 12–0 George Washington Woodruff PD
Princeton 8–2 HS
Yale 16–0 William Rhodes BR, HAF, NCF, PD
1895 Penn 14–0 George Washington Woodruff BR, HAF, HS, NCF, PD
Yale 13–0–2 John A. Hartwell PD
1896 Lafayette 11–0–1 Parke H. Davis NCF, PD
Princeton 10–0–1 Franklin Morse BR, HAF, HS, NCF, PD
1897 Penn 15–0 George Washington Woodruff BR, HAF, HS, NCF, PD
Yale 9–0–2 Frank Butterworth PD
1898 Harvard 11–0 William Forbes BR, HAF, HS, NCF
Princeton 11–0–1 PD
1899 Harvard 10–0–1 Benjamin Dibblee HAF, HS, NCF
Princeton 12–1 BR, PD
1900 Yale 12–0 Malcolm McBride BR, HAF, HS, NCF, PD
1901 Harvard 12–0 Bill Reid BR
Michigan 11–0 Fielding H. Yost HAF, HS, NCF
Yale 11–1–1 George S. Stillman PDa
1902 Michigan 11–0 Fielding H. Yost BR, HAF, HS, NCF, PD
Yale 11–0–1 Joseph R. Swan PD
1903 Michigan 11–0–1 Fielding H. Yost NCF
Princeton 11–0 Art Hillebrand BR, HAF, HS, NCF, PD
1904 Michigan 10–0 Fielding H. Yost NCF
Minnesota 13–0 Henry Williams BR
Penn 12–0 Carl S. Williams HAF, HS, NCF, PD
1905 Chicago 10–0 Amos Alonzo Stagg BR, HAF, HS, NCF
Yale 10–0 Jack Owsley CW, PD
1906 Princeton 9–0–1 William Roper HAF, NCF
Yale 9–0–1 Foster Rockwell BR, CW, PD
1907 Yale 9–0–1 William F. Knox BR, CW, HAF, HS, NCF, PD
1908 Harvard 9–0–1 Percy Haughton BR
LSU 10–0 Edgar Wingard NCF
Penn 11–0–1 Sol Metzger HAF, HS, NCF, PD
1909 Yale 10–0 Howard Jones BR, HAF, HS, NCF, PD
1910 Harvard 8–0–1 Percy Haughton BR, HAF, HS, NCF
Pittsburgh 9–0 Joseph Thompson NCF
1911 Penn State 8–0–1 Bill Hollenback NCF
Princeton 8–0–2 William Roper BR, HAF, HS, NCF, PD
1912 Harvard 9–0 Percy Haughton BR, HAF, HS, NCF, PD
Penn State 8–0 Bill Hollenback NCF
1913 Auburn 8–0 Mike Donahue BR
Chicago 7–0 Amos Alonzo Stagg PD
Harvard 9–0 Percy Haughton HAF, HS, NCF, PD
1914 Army 9–0 Charles Daly HAF, HS, NCF, PD
Illinois 7–0 Robert Zuppke PD
Texas 8–0 Dave Allerdice BR
1915 Cornell 9–0 Albert Sharpe HAF, HS, NCF, PD
Oklahoma 10–0 Bennie Owen BR
Pittsburgh 8–0 Glenn Warner PD
1916 Army 9–0 Charles Daly PD
Pittsburgh 8–0 Glenn Warner BR, HAF, HS, NCF, PD
1917 Georgia Tech 9–0 John Heisman BR, HAF, HS, NCF
1918 Michigan 5–0 Fielding H. Yost BR, NCF
Pittsburgh 4–1 Glenn Warner HAF, HS, NCF
1919 Centre 9–0 Charley Moran SR
Harvard 9–0–1 Bob Fisher CFRA, HAF, HS, NCF, PD
Illinois 6–1 Robert Zuppke BS, CFRA, PD, SR
Notre Dame 9–0 Knute Rockne NCF, PD
Texas A&M 10–0 Dana X. Bible BR, NCF
1920 California 9–0 Andy Smith CFRA, HAF, HS, NCF, SR
Harvard 8–0–1 Bob Fisher BS
Notre Dame 9–0 Knute Rockne BR, PD
Princeton 6–0–1 William Roper BS, PD
Georgia 8–0–1Herman Stegeman B(QPRS)
1921 California 9–0–1 Andy Smith BR, BS, CFRA, SR
Cornell 8–0 Gil Dobie HAF, HS, NCF, PD
Iowa 7–0 Howard Jones PD
Lafayette 9–0 Jock Sutherland BS, PD
Washington & Jefferson 10–0–1 Greasy Neale BS
Vanderbilt7–0–1Dan McGuginB(QPRS)
1922 California 9–0 Andy Smith BR, HS, NCF, SR
Cornell 8–0 Gil Dobie HAF, PD
Princeton 8–0 William Roper BS, CFRA, NCF, PD, SR
Vanderbilt 8–0–1Dan McGugin B(QPRS)
1923 California 9–0–1 Andy Smith HS
Cornell 8–0 Gil Dobie SR
Illinois 8–0 Robert Zuppke BS, CFRA, HAF, NCF, PD, SR , B(QPRS)
Michigan 8–0 Fielding H. Yost BR, NCF
Yale 8–0Tad JonesB(QPRS)
1924 Notre Dame 10–0 Knute Rockne BR, BS, CFRA, DiS, HAF, HS, NCF, PS, SR, B(QPRS)
Penn 9–1–1 Lou Young PD
1925 Alabama 10–0 Wallace Wade BR, BS, CFRA, HAF, HS, NCF, PS, SR, B(QPRS)
Dartmouth 8–0 Jesse Hawley DiS, PD
Michigan 7–1 Fielding H. Yost SR
1926 Alabama 9–0–1 Wallace Wade BR, CFRA, HAF, NCF, PS, B(QPRS)
Lafayette 9–0 Herb McCracken PD
Michigan 7–1 Fielding H. Yost SR
Navy 9–0–1 Bill Ingram BS, HS
Stanford 10–0–1 Glenn Warner DiS, HAF, NCF, SR
1927 Georgia 9–1 George Cecil Woodruff BS, PS, B(QPRS)
Illinois 7–0–1 Robert Zuppke BR, DiS, HAF, NCF, PD
Notre Dame 7–1–1 Knute Rockne HS
Texas A&M 8–0–1 Dana X. Bible SR
Yale 7–1 Thomas Jones CFRA
1928 Detroit 9–0 Gus Dorais PD
Georgia Tech 10–0 William Alexander BR, BS, CFRA, HAF, HS, NCF, PD, PS, SR, B(QPRS)
USC 9–0–1 Howard Jones DiS, SR
1929 Notre Dame 9–0 Knute Rockne BR, BS, CFRA, DiS, DuS, HAF, NCF, PS, SR
Pittsburgh 9–1 Jock Sutherland PD
USC 10–2 Howard Jones HS, SR, B(QPRS)
1930 Alabama 10–0 Wallace Wade CFRA, PD, SR, B(QPRS)
Notre Dame 10–0 Knute Rockne BR, BS, DiS, DuS, HAF, HS, NCF, PD, PS
1931 Pittsburgh 8–1 Jock Sutherland PD
Purdue 9–1 Noble Kizer PD
USC 10–1 Howard Jones BR, BS, CFRA, DiS, DuS, HAF, HS, NCF, PS, SR, WS, B(QPRS)
1932 Colgate 9–0 Andrew Kerr PD
Michigan 8–0 Harry Kipke DiS, PD, SR
USC 10–0 Howard Jones BR, BS, CFRA, DuS, HAF, HS, NCF, PD, PS, SR, WS, B(QPRS)
1933 Michigan 7–0–1 Harry Kipke BR, BS, CFRA, DiS, HAF, HS, NCF, PD, PS, SR, B(QPRS)
Ohio State 7–1 Sam Willaman DuS
Princeton 9–0 Fritz Crisler PD
USC 10–1–1 Howard Jones WS
1934 Alabama 10–0 Frank Thomas DuS, HS, PS, WS, B(QPRS)
Minnesota 8–0 Bernie Bierman BR, BS, CFRA, DiS, HAF, L, NCF, SR
1935 LSU 9–2 Bernie Moore WS
Minnesota 8–0 Bernie Bierman BR, BS, CFRA, HAF, L, NCF, PS
Princeton 9–0 Fritz Crisler DuS
SMU 12–1 Matty Bell DiS, HS, SR, B(QPRS)
TCU 12–1 Dutch Meyer WS
1936 LSU 9–1–1 Bernie Moore SR, WS
Minnesota 7–1 Bernie Bierman AP, BR, DiS, DuS, HAF, L, NCF, PS
Pittsburgh 8–1–1 Jock Sutherland BS, CFRA, HS
Duke 9–1Wallace Wade B(QPRS)
1937 California 10–0–1 Stub Allison DuS, HAF
Pittsburgh 9–0–1 Jock Sutherland AP, BR, BS, CFRA, DiS, HS, L, NCF, PS, SR, WS, B(QPRS)
1938 Notre Dame 8–1 Elmer Layden DiS
TCU 11–0 Dutch Meyer AP, HAF, NCF, WS
Tennessee 11–0 Robert Neyland BR, BS, CFRA, DuS, HS, L, PS, SR, B(QPRS)
1939 Cornell 8–0 Carl Snavely L, SR
Texas A&M 11–0 Homer Norton AP, BR, BS, CFRA, DeS, DuS, HAF, HS, NCF, PS, SR, WS, B(QPRS)
USC 8–0–2 Howard Jones DiS
1940 Minnesota 8–0 Bernie Bierman AP, B(QPRS), BS, CFRA, DeS, DiS, HS, L, NCF, SR
Stanford 10–0 Clark Shaughnessy BR, HAF, PS
Tennessee 10–1 Bob Neyland DuS, WS
1941 Alabama 9–2 Frank Thomas HS
Minnesota 8–0 Bernie Bierman AP, BR, BS, CFRA, DeS, DuS, HAF, L, NCF, PS, SR
Texas 8–1–1 Dana X. Bible B(QPRS), WS
1942 Georgia 11–1 Wally Butts B(QPRS), BR, DeS, HS, L, PS, SR, WS
Ohio State 9–1 Paul Brown AP, BS, DuS, CFRA, NCF
Wisconsin 8–1–1 Harry Stuhldreher HAF
1943 Notre Dame 9–1 Frank Leahy AP, B(QPRS), BR, BS, CFRA, DeS, DuS, HAF, HS, L, NCF, PS, SR, WS
1944 Army 9–0 Earl Blaik AP, B(QPRS), BR, BS, CFRA, DeS, DuS, HAF, HS, L, NCF, PS, SR, WS
Ohio State 9–0 Carroll Widdoes NCF, SR
1945 Alabama 10–0 Frank Thomas NCF
Army 9–0 Earl Blaik AP, B(QPRS), BR, BS, CFRA, DeS, DuS, HAF, HS, L, NCF, PS, SR, WS
Oklahoma State 9–0 Jim Lookabaugh BRC
1946 Army 9–0–1 Earl Blaik BR, BS, CFRA, HAF, HS, PS
Georgia 11–0 Wally Butts WS
Notre Dame 8–0–1 Frank Leahy AP, B(QPRS), BS, DeS, DuS, HAF, L, NCF, PS, SR
1947 Michigan 10–0 Fritz Crisler B(QPRS), BR, BS, CFRA, DeS, DuS, HAF, HS, L, NCF, PS, SR
Notre Dame 9–0 Frank Leahy AP, HAF, WS
1948 Michigan 9–0 Bennie Oosterbaan AP, B(QPRS), BR, BS, CFRA, DeS, DuS, HAF, HS, L, NCF, PS, SR, WS
1949 Notre Dame 10–0 Frank Leahy AP, B(QPRS), BR, BS, DeS, DuS, HAF, HS, L, NCF, PS, SR, WS
Oklahoma 11–0 Bud Wilkinson CFRA
1950 Kentucky 11–1 Bear Bryant SR
Oklahoma 10–1 Bud Wilkinson AP, B(QPRS), HAF, L, UPI, WS
Princeton 9–0 Charley Caldwell BS, PS
Tennessee 11–1 Robert Neyland BR, CFRA, DeS, DuS, NCF, SR
1951 Georgia Tech 11–0–1 Bobby Dodd B(QPRS), BS
Illinois 9–0–1 Ray Eliot BS
Maryland 10–0 Jim Tatum CFRA, DeS, DuS, NCF, SR
Michigan State 9–0 Biggie Munn BR, HAF, PS
Tennessee 10–1 Robert Neyland AP, L, UPI, WS
1952 Georgia Tech 12–0 Bobby Dodd B(QPRS), BR, INS, PS, SR
Michigan State 9–0 Biggie Munn AP, BS, CFRA, DeS, DuS, HAF, L, NCF, SR, UPI, WS
1953 Maryland 10–1 Jim Tatum AP, INS, UPI
Notre Dame 9–0–1 Frank Leahy BR, BS, DeS, DuS, HAF, L, NCF, PS, SR, WS
Oklahoma 9–1–1 Bud Wilkinson B(QPRS), CFRA
1954 Ohio State 10–0 Woody Hayes AP, B(QPRS), BR, BS, CFRA, DeS, HAF, INS, NCF, PS, SR, WS
UCLA 9–0 Henry Sanders CFRA, DuS, FWAA, HAF, L, NCF, UPI
1955 Michigan State 9–1 Duffy Daugherty BS
Oklahoma 11–0 Bud Wilkinson AP, B(QPRS), BR, CFRA, DeS, DuS, FWAA, HAF, INS, L, NCF, PS, SR, UPI, WS
1956 Georgia Tech 10–1 Bobby Dodd B(QPRS), SR
Iowa 9–1 Forest Evashevski CFRA
Oklahoma 10–0 Bud Wilkinson AP, BR, BS, DeS, DuS, FWAA, HAF, INS, L, NCF, SR, UPI, WS
Tennessee 10–1 Bowden Wyatt SR
1957 Auburn 10–0 Ralph Jordan AP, BR, CFRA, HAF, NCF, PS, SR, WS
Michigan State 8–1 Duffy Daugherty DuS
Ohio State 9–1 Woody Hayes BS, DeS, FWAA, INS, L, UPI
Oklahoma 10–1 Bud Wilkinson B(QPRS)
1958 Iowa 8–1–1 Forest Evashevski FWAA
LSU 11–0 Paul Dietzel AP, B(QPRS), BR, BS, CFRA, DeS, DuS, FN, HAF, L, NCF, PS, SR, UPI, WS
1959 Ole Miss 10–1 Johnny Vaught B(QPRS), DuS, SR
Syracuse 11–0 Ben Schwartzwalder AP, BR, BS, CFRA, DeS, FN, FWAA, HAF, L, NCF, NFF, PS, SR, UPI, WS
1960 Iowa 8–1 Forest Evashevski B(QPRS), BS, L, SR
Minnesota 8–2 Murray Warmath AP, FN, NFF, UPI
Ole Miss 10–0–1 Johnny Vaught BR, CFRA, DeS, DuS, FWAA, NCF, WS
Missouri 11–0* Dan Devine PS
Washington 10–1 Jim Owens HAF
1961 Alabama 11–0 Bear Bryant AP, B(QPRS), BR, CFRA, DeS, DuS, FN, HAF, L, NCF, NFF, SR, UPI, WS
Ohio State 8–0–1 Woody Hayes FWAA, PS
1962 LSU 9–1–1 Charles McClendon B(QPRS)
Ole Miss 10–0 Johnny Vaught BR, L, SR
USC 11–0 John McKay AP, B(QPRS), CFRA, DeS, DuS, FN, FWAA, HAF, NCF, NFF, PS, UPI, WS
1963 Texas 11–0 Darrell Royal AP, B(QPRS), BR, CFRA, DeS, DuS, FN, FWAA, HAF, L, NCF, NFF, PS, SR, UPI, WS
1964 Alabama 10–1 Bear Bryant AP, B(QPRS), L, UPI
Arkansas 11–0 Frank Broyles BR, CFRA, FWAA, HAF, NCF, PS, SR
Michigan 9–1 Bump Elliott DuS
Notre Dame 9–1 Ara Parseghian DeS, FN, NFF
1965 Alabama 9–1–1 Bear Bryant AP, CFRA, FWAA, NCF
Michigan State 10–1 Duffy Daugherty B(QPRS), BR, DeS, DuS, FN, FWAA, HAF, L, NFF, PS, SR, UPI
1966 Alabama 11–0 Bear Bryant B(QPRS), SR
Michigan State 9–0–1 Duffy Daugherty CFRA, HAF, NFF, PS
Notre Dame 9–0–1 Ara Parseghian AP, BR, DeS, DuS, FN, FWAA, HAF, L, MGR, NCF, NFF, PS, SR, UPI
1967 Notre Dame 8–2 Ara Parseghian DuS
Oklahoma 10–1 Chuck Fairbanks PS
USC 10–1 John McKay AP, B(QPRS), BR, CFRA, DeS, FN, FWAA, HAF, MGR, NCF, NFF, SR, UPI
Tennessee 9–2 Doug Dickey L
1968 Georgia 8–1–2 Vince Dooley L
Ohio State 10–0 Woody Hayes AP, B(QPRS), BR, CFRA, DuS, FN, FWAA, HAF, NCF, NFF, PS, R(FACT), SR, UPI
Texas 9–1–1 Darrell Royal DeS, MGR, SR
1969 Ohio State 8–1 Woody Hayes MGR
Penn State 11–0 Joe Paterno R(FACT), SR
Texas 11–0 Darrell Royal AP, B(QPRS), BR, CFRA, DeS, DuS, FN, FWAA, HAF, L, NCF, NFF, PS, R(FACT), SR, UPI
1970 Arizona State 11–0 Frank Kush PS
Nebraska 11–0–1 Bob Devaney AP, BR, CFRA, DeS, DuS, FN, FWAA, HAF, NCF, R(FACT), SR
Notre Dame 10–1 Ara Parseghian MGR, R(FACT), SR
Ohio State 9–1 Woody Hayes NFF
Texas 10–1 Darrell Royal B(QPRS), L, NFF, R(FACT), UPI
1971 Nebraska 13–0 Bob Devaney AP, B(QPRS), BR, CFRA, DeS, DuS, FN, FWAA, HAF, L, MGR, NCF, NFF, PS, R(FACT), SR, UPI
1972 USC 12–0 John McKay AP, B(QPRS), BR, CFRA, DeS, DuS, FN, FWAA, HAF, L, MGR, NCF, NFF, PS, R(FACT), SR, UPI
1973 Alabama 11–1 Bear Bryant B(QPRS), UPI
Michigan 10–0–1 Bo Schembechler NCF, PS
Notre Dame 11–0 Ara Parseghian AP, BR, FN, FWAA, HAF, NCF, NFF
Ohio State 10–0–1 Woody Hayes NCF, PS, R(FACT), SR
Oklahoma 10–0–1 Barry Switzer CFRA, DeS, DuS, SR
1974 Ohio State 10–2 Woody Hayes MGR
Oklahoma 11–0 Barry Switzer AP, B(QPRS), BR, CFRA, DeS, DuS, FN, HAF, L, NCF, PS, R(FACT), SR
USC 10–1–1 John McKay FWAA, HAF, NCF, NFF, UPI
1975 Alabama 11–1 Bear Bryant MGR
Arizona State 12–0 Frank Kush NCF, SN
Ohio State 11–1 Woody Hayes B(QPRS), HAF, MGR, PS, R(FACT)
Oklahoma 11–1 Barry Switzer AP, BR, CFRA, DeS, DuS, FN, FWAA, HAF, NCF, NFF, R(FACT), SR, UPI
1976 Pittsburgh 12–0 Johnny Majors AP, FN, FWAA, HAF, NCF, NFF, PS, R(FACT), SN, SR, UPI
USC 11–1 John Robinson B(QPRS), BR, CFRA, DeS, DuS, MGR
1977 Alabama 11–1 Bear Bryant CFRA
Arkansas 11–1 Lou Holtz R(FACT)
Notre Dame 11–1 Dan Devine AP, BR, CFRA, DeS, DuS, FN, FWAA, HAF, MGR, NCF, NFF, PS, R(FACT), SN, SR, UPI
Texas 11–1 Fred Akers B(QPRS), R(FACT), SR
1978 Alabama 11–1 Bear Bryant AP, CFRA, FWAA, HAF, NCF, NFF, R(FACT)
Oklahoma 11–1 Barry Switzer DeS, DuS, HAF, L, MGR, PS, R(FACT), SR
USC 12–1 John Robinson B(QPRS), BR, FN, HAF, NCF, R(FACT), SN, SR, UPI
1979 Alabama 12–0 Bear Bryant AP, B(QPRS), BR, DeS, DuS, FN, FWAA, HAF, MGR, NCF, NFF, NYT, PS, R(FACT), SN, SR, UPI
USC 11–0–1 John Robinson CFRA
1980 Florida State 10–2 Bobby Bowden R(FACT)
Georgia 12–0 Vince Dooley AP, B(QPRS), BR, FN, FWAA, HAF, NCF, NFF, PS, R(FACT), SN, SR, UPI
Nebraska 10–2 Tom Osborne R(FACT)
Oklahoma 10–2 Barry Switzer DuS, MGR
Pittsburgh 11–1 Jackie Sherrill CFRA, DeS, NYT, R(FACT), SR
1981 Clemson 12–0 Danny Ford AP, B(QPRS), BR, CFRA, DeS, FN, FWAA, HAF, L, MGR, NCF, NFF, NYT, PS, R(FACT), SN, SR, UPI
Nebraska 9–3 Tom Osborne NCF
Penn State 10–2 Joe Paterno DuS
Pittsburgh 11–1 Jackie Sherrill NCF
SMU 10–1 Ron Meyer NCF
Texas 10–1–1 Fred Akers NCF
1982 Nebraska 12–1 Tom Osborne B(QPRS)
Penn State 11–1 Joe Paterno AP, BR, CFRA, DeS, DuS, FN, FWAA, HAF, L, MGR, NCF, NFF, NYT, PS, R(FACT), SN, SR, UPI, USAT/CNN
SMU 11–0–1 Bobby Collins HAF
1983 Auburn 11–1 Pat Dye BR, CFRA, NYT, R(FACT), SR
Miami (FL) 11–1 Howard Schnellenberger AP, DuS, FN, FWAA, NCF, NFF, SN, UPI, USAT/CNN
Nebraska 12–1 Tom Osborne B(QPRS), DeS, L, MGR, PS, R(FACT), SR
1984 BYU 13–0 LaVell Edwards AP, BR, CFRA, FWAA, NCF, NFF, PS, SR, UPI, USAT/CNN
Florida 9–1–1 Galen Hall DeS, DuS, MGR, NYT, R(FACT), SN, SR
Nebraska 10–2 Tom Osborne L
Washington 11–1 Don James B(QPRS), FN, NCF
1985 Florida 9–1–1 Galen Hall SR
Michigan 10–1–1 Bo Schembechler MGR
Oklahoma 11–1 Barry Switzer AP, B(QPRS), BR, CFRA, DeS, DuS, FN, FWAA, NCF, NFF, NYT, R(FACT), SN, UPI, USAT/CNN
1986 Miami (FL) 11–1 Jimmy Johnson R(FACT)
Oklahoma 11–1 Barry Switzer B(QPRS), CFRA, DeS, DuS, NYT, SR
Penn State 12–0 Joe Paterno AP, BR, FN, FWAA, MGR, NCF, NFF, R(FACT), SN, SR, UPI, USAT/CNN
1987 Florida State 11–1 Bobby Bowden B(QPRS)
Miami (FL) 12–0 Jimmy Johnson AP, BR, CFRA, DeS, DuS, ERS, FN, FWAA, MGR, NCF, NFF, NYT, R(FACT), SN, SR, UPI, USAT/CNN
1988 Miami (FL) 11–1 Jimmy Johnson B(QPRS)
Notre Dame 12–0 Lou Holtz AP, BR, CFRA, DeS, DuS, ERS, FN, FWAA, MGR, NCF, NFF, NYT, R(FACT), SN, SR, UPI, USAT/CNN
1989 Miami (FL) 11–1 Dennis Erickson AP, BR, CFRA, DeS, DuS, FN, FWAA, MGR, NCF, NFF, NYT, R(FACT), SN, UPI, USAT/CNN
Notre Dame 12–1 Lou Holtz B(QPRS), ERS, R(FACT), SR
1990 Colorado 11–1–1 Bill McCartney AP, B(QPRS), BR, CFRA, DeS, FN, FWAA, MGR, NCF, NFF, R(FACT), SN, USAT/CNN
Georgia Tech 11–0–1 Bobby Ross DuS, NCF, R(FACT), SR, UPI
Miami (FL) 10–2 Dennis Erickson ERS, NYT, R(FACT), SR
Washington 10–2 Don James R(FACT)
1991 Miami (FL) 12–0 Dennis Erickson AP, BR, CFRA, ERS, NCF, NYT, SN, SR
Washington 12–0 Don James B(QPRS), DeS, DuS, FN, FWAA, MGR, NCF, R(FACT), SR, UPI/NFF, USAT/CNN
1992 Alabama 13–0 Gene Stallings AP, B(QPRS), BR, CFRA, DeS, DuS, ERS, FN, FWAA, MGR, NCF, NYT, R(FACT), SN, SR, UPI/NFF, USAT/CNN
Florida State 11–1 Bobby Bowden SR
1993 Auburn 11–0 Terry Bowden NCF
Florida State 12–1 Bobby Bowden AP, B(QPRS), BR, CCR, DeS, DuS, ERS, FN, FWAA, NCF, NYT, R(FACT), SN, SR, UPI, USAT/CNN, USAT/NFF
Nebraska 11–1 Tom Osborne NCF
Notre Dame 11–1 Lou Holtz MGR, NCF
1994 Florida State 10–1–1 Bobby Bowden DuS
Nebraska 13–0 Tom Osborne AP, AS, B(QPRS), BR, FN, FWAA, NCF, R(FACT), SN, SR, UPI, USAT/CNN, USAT/NFF
Penn State 12–0 Joe Paterno CCR, DeS, ERS, MGR, NCF, NYT, R(FACT), SR
1995 Nebraska 12–0 Tom Osborne AP, AS, B(QPRS), BR, CCR, DeS, DuS, ERS, FN, FWAA, MGR, NCF, NFF, NYT, R(FACT), SN, SR, UPI, USAT/CNN
1996 Florida 12–1 Steve Spurrier AP, B(QPRS), BR, CCR, DeS, DuS, ERS, FN, FWAA, MGR, NCF, NFF, NYT, R(FACT), SN, SR, USAT/CNN
Florida State 11–1 Bobby Bowden AS
1997 Michigan 12–0 Lloyd Carr AP, FN, FWAA, NCF, NFF, SN
Nebraska 13–0 Tom Osborne A&H, AS, B(QPRS), BR, CCR, DeS, DuS, ERS, MGR, NCF, NYT, R(FACT), SR, USAT/ESPN
1998 Tennessee 13–0 Phillip Fulmer A&H, AP, AS, B(QPRS), BCS, BR, CCR, DeS, DuS, ERS, FN, FWAA, MGR, NCF, NFF, NYT, R(FACT), SN, USAT/ESPN
Ohio State 11–1 John Cooper SRb
1999 Florida State 12–0 Bobby Bowden A&H, AP, B(QPRS), BCS, BR, CCR, DeS, DuS, ERS, FN, FWAA, MCFR, MGR, NCF, NFF, NYT, R(FACT), SN, SR, USAT/ESPN
2000 Miami (FL) 11–1 Butch Davis NYT
Oklahoma 13–0 Bob Stoops A&H, AP, B(QPRS), BCS, BR, CCR, DeS, DuS, ERS, FN, FWAA, MCFR, MGR, NCF, NFF, R(FACT), SN, SR, USAT/ESPN
2001 Miami (FL) 12–0 Larry Coker A&H, AP, B(QPRS), BCS, BR, CCR, CM, DeS, DuS, ERS, FN, FWAA, MCFR, MGR, NFF, NYT, R(FACT), SN, SR, USAT/ESPN, W
2002 Ohio State 14–0 Jim Tressel A&H, AP, B(QPRS), BCS, BR, CCR, CM, DeS, ERS, FN, FWAA, MCFR, NFF, NYT, R(FACT), SN, SR, USAT/ESPN, W
USC 11–2 Pete Carroll DuS, MGR, SR
2003 LSU 13–1 Nick Saban A&H, BCS, BR, CM, DeS, DuS, MCFR, NFF, R(FACT), SR, USAT/ESPN, W
Oklahoma 12–2 Bob Stoops B(QPRS)
USC 12–1 Pete Carroll AP, CCR, ERS, FWAA, MGR, NYT, SN
2004 USCc 11–0d Pete Carroll A&H, AP, B(QPRS), BR, CCR, CM, DeS, DuS, ERS, MCFR, MGR, NFF, NYT, R(FACT), SN, SR, W
2005 Texas 13–0 Mack Brown A&H, AP, B(QPRS), BCS, BR, CCR, CM, DeS, DuS, ERS, FWAA, MCFR, MGR, NFF, R(FACT), SN, SR, USAT, W
2006 Florida 13–1 Urban Meyer A&H, AP, B(QPRS), BCS, BR, CCR, CM, DuS, FWAA, MCFR, MGR, NFF, R(FACT), SN, SR, USAT, W
Ohio State 12–1 Jim Tressel R(FACT)
2007 LSU 12–2 Les Miles AP, B(QPRS), BCS, BR, CCR, CM, FWAA, MCFR, NFF, SR, USAT, W
Missouri 12–2 Gary Pinkel A&H
USC 11–2 Pete Carroll DuSe
2008 Florida 13–1 Urban Meyer AP, B(QPRS), BCS, BR, CCR, CM, DuS, FWAA, NFF, SR, USAT
Utah 13–0 Kyle Whittingham A&H, MCFR, W
2009 Alabama 14–0 Nick Saban A&H, AP, B(QPRS), BCS, BR, CCR, CFRA, CM, DuS, FWAA, MCFR, NFF, SR, USAT, W
2010 Auburn 14–0 Gene Chizik A&H, AP, B(QPRS), BCS, BR, CFRA, CM, DuS, FWAA, MCFR, NFF, SR, USAT, W
TCU 13–0 Gary Patterson CCR
2011 Alabama 12–1 Nick Saban AP, B(QPRS), BCS, BR, CFRA, DuS, FWAA, MCFR, NFF, SR, USAT, W
LSU 13–1 Les Miles A&H, CCR
Oklahoma State 12–1 Mike Gundy CM
2012 Alabama 13–1 Nick Saban A&H, AP, BCS, BR, CCR, CFRA, DuS, FWAA, MCFR, NFF, SR, USAT, W
Notre Dame 12–1 Brian Kelly CM
2013 Florida State 14–0 Jimbo Fisher A&H, AP, BCS, BR, CCR, CFRA, CM, DuS, FWAA, MCFR, NFF, SR, USAT, W
2014 Ohio State 14–1 Urban Meyer A&H, AP, BR, CCR, CFP, CFRA, CM, DuS, MCFR, NFF, SR, USAT/AMWAY, W
2015 Alabama 14–1 Nick Saban A&H, AP, BR, CCR, CFP, CFRA, CM, DuS, MCFR, NFF, SR, USAT/AMWAY, W

aParke Davis' selection for 1901, as published in the 1935 Spalding's Foot Ball Guide, was Harvard.[19]:233
bThe NCAA Football Bowl Subdivision Records book lists Sagarin as having selected Tennessee,[6]:114 while Sagarin's official website gives Ohio State as its 1998 selection.[20]
cThe FWAA stripped USC of its 2004 Grantland Rice Trophy and vacated the selection of its national champion for 2004. The BCS also vacated USC's participation in the 2005 Orange Bowl and vacated USC's 2004 BCS National Championship and the AFCA Coaches' Poll Trophy was returned.[21][22]
dRecord reflects vacated wins against UCLA and against Oklahoma in the BCS Championship game on January 4, 2005 as mandated by the NCAA.[23]
eThe NCAA Football Bowl Subdivision Records book lists Dunkel as having selected LSU,[6]:114 while Dunkel's official website gives USC as its 2007 selection.[24]

Total championship selections from major selectors by school

The national title count listed below is a culmination of all championship awarded since 1869, regardless of consensus or non-consensus status, as listed in the table above according to the selectors deemed to be major as listed in the official NCAA Football Bowl Subdivision Records (minus the Harris Interactive poll, 2005–2013, that is listed but does not conduct a final poll or award a championship).[6]:107–119

The totals can be said to be disputed. Individual schools may claim national championships not accounted for by the NCAA Football Bowl Subdivision Records or may not claim national championship selections that do appear in the official NCAA Football Bowl Subdivision Records (see National championship claims by school below). For an alternative independent view of national championship totals for each team, please see the College Football Data Warehouse recognized national champions or Poll era (1936–present) selections in the tables below.

School Championships
Princeton 28
Yale 27
Notre Dame 22
Alabama 20
Oklahoma 17
USC 17
Michigan 16
Ohio State 16
Harvard 12
Nebraska 11
Pittsburgh 11
Miami (FL) 9
Texas9
Florida State 8
LSU 8
Minnesota 7
Penn State 7
Tennessee 7
Georgia Tech 6
Michigan State 6
Penn 6
Army 5
Auburn 5
California 5
Cornell 5
Florida 5
Georgia 5
Illinois 5
Iowa 4
Washington 4
Lafayette 3
Ole Miss 3
SMU 3
TCU 3
Texas A&M 3
Arizona State 2
Arkansas 2
Chicago 2
Maryland 2
Missouri 2
Stanford 2
Oklahoma State 2
BYU 1
Centre 1
Clemson 1
Colgate 1
Colorado 1
Columbia 1
Dartmouth 1
Detroit 1
Kentucky 1
Navy 1
Purdue 1
Rutgers 1
Syracuse 1
UCLA 1
Washington & Jefferson 1
Wisconsin 1

National championship claims by school

Tennessee's national championship claims, as posted in their Neyland Stadium

The following is a table of known schools' claims on national championships at the highest level of play in college football. Several of these schools no longer compete at the highest level, which is currently NCAA Division I FBS, but nonetheless maintain claims to titles from when they did compete at the highest level.

Because there is no one governing or official body that regulates, recognizes, or awards national championships in college football, and because many independent selectors of championships exist, many of the claims by the schools listed below are shared, contradict each other, or are controversial.[5][6]:107–119 In addition, because there is no one body overseeing national championships, no standardized requirements exist in order for a school to make a claim on a national championship, as any particular institution is free to make any declaration it deems to be fit. However, all known national championship claims are for seasons in which a National Championship, or share of a championship, was believed to be awarded to that particular school by at least one independent third-party selector.[25][26][27][28] The majority of these claims, but not all, are based on championships awarded from selectors listed as "major" in the official NCAA Football Bowl Subdivision Records.[6]:107–109 Not all championships awarded by third party selectors, nor those listed in the official NCAA Football Bowl Subdivision Records, are necessarily claimed by each school.[note 1] Therefore, these claims represent how each individual school sees their own history on the subject of national championships.

This table below includes only national championship claims originating from each particular school and therefore represents the point-of-view of each individual institution. Each total number of championships, and the years for which they are claimed, are documented by the particular school on its official website, in its football media guide, or in other official publications or literature (see Source). If a championship is not mentioned by a school for any particular season, regardless of whether it was awarded by a selector or listed in a third-party publication such as the official NCAA Football Bowl Subdivision Records, it is not considered to be claimed by that institution.[note 2]

School Claimed
national
championships		 Seasons Source
Princeton 28 1869, 1870, 1872, 1873, 1874, 1875, 1877, 1878, 1879, 1880, 1881, 1884, 1885, 1886, 1889, 1893, 1894, 1896, 1898, 1899, 1903, 1906, 1911, 1920, 1922, 1933, 1935, 1950 [29]
Yale 27 1872, 1874, 1876, 1877, 1879, 1880, 1881, 1882, 1883, 1884, 1886, 1887, 1888, 1891, 1892, 1893, 1894, 1895, 1897, 1900, 1901, 1902, 1905, 1906, 1907, 1909, 1927 [30][31]
Alabama 16 1925, 1926, 1930, 1934, 1941, 1961, 1964, 1965, 1973, 1978, 1979, 1992, 2009, 2011, 2012, 2015 [32]
Michigan 11 1901, 1902, 1903, 1904, 1918, 1923, 1932, 1933, 1947, 1948, 1997 [33]
Notre Dame 11 1924, 1929, 1930, 1943, 1946, 1947, 1949, 1966, 1973, 1977, 1988 [34]
USC 11a 1928, 1931, 1932, 1939, 1962, 1967, 1972, 1974, 1978, 2003, 2004 [35]
Pittsburgh 9 1915, 1916, 1918, 1929, 1931, 1934, 1936, 1937, 1976 [36]
Ohio State 8 1942, 1954, 1957, 1961, 1968, 1970, 2002, 2014 [37][38]
Harvard 7 1890, 1898, 1899, 1910, 1912, 1913, 1919 [39]
Minnesota 7 1904, 1934, 1935, 1936, 1940, 1941, 1960 [40]
Oklahoma 7 1950, 1955, 1956, 1974, 1975, 1985, 2000 [41]
Penn 7 1894, 1895, 1897, 1904, 1907, 1908, 1924 [42]
Michigan State 6 1951, 1952, 1955, 1957, 1965, 1966 [43]
Tennessee 6 1938, 1940, 1950, 1951, 1967, 1998 [44][45]
California 5 1920, 1921, 1922, 1923, 1937 [46]
Cornell 5 1915, 1921, 1922, 1923, 1939 [47]
Georgia 5b 1927, 1942, 1946, 1968, 1980 [48]
Illinois 5 1914, 1919, 1923, 1927, 1951 [49]
Miami (FL) 5 1983, 1987, 1989, 1991, 2001 [50]
Nebraska 5 1970, 1971, 1994, 1995, 1997 [51]
Georgia Tech 4 1917, 1928, 1952, 1990 [52]
Iowa 4c 1921, 1956, 1958, 1960 [53]
Texas 4 1963, 1969, 1970, 2005 [54]
Washington 4 1960, 1984, 1990, 1991 [55]
Army 3 1944, 1945, 1946 [56]
Florida 3 1996, 2006, 2008 [57]
Florida State 3 1993, 1999, 2013 [58]
Lafayette 3 1896, 1921, 1926 [59]
LSU 3 1958, 2003, 2007 [60]
Ole Miss 3 1959, 1960, 1962 [61]
SMU 3 1935, 1981, 1982 [62]
Texas A&M 3 1919, 1927, 1939 [63]
Auburn 2d 1957, 2010 [64]
Chicago 2 1905, 1913 [65]
Penn State 2 1982, 1986 [66]
TCU 2 1935, 1938 [67]
Stanford 21926, 1940[68][69]
Arkansas 1 1964 [70]
Boston College 1 1940 [71]
BYU 1 1984 [72]
Clemson 1 1981 [73]
Colorado 1 1990 [74]
Dartmouth 1 1925 [75]
Kentucky 1 1950 [76]
Maryland 1 1953 [77]
Navy 1 1926 [78]
Oklahoma State 1 1945 [79]
Rutgers 1 1869 [80]
Syracuse 1 1959 [81]
UCLA 1 1954 [82]

aUSC's January 4, 2005 win over Oklahoma in the BCS Championship Game was vacated as mandated by the NCAA, its 2004 BCS National Championship vacated by the BCS, and its AFCA Coaches' Trophy returned. NCAA sanctions mandate that "any reference to the vacated results, including championships, shall be removed." USC still retains the 2004 Associated Press National Championship and has not abandoned its claim to a 2004 National Championship.[16][83]
bIn an online list of the university's national championships, Georgia lists only two for football (1942 and 1980).[84] However, in Georgia's football media guide, although these years (1927, 1946, 1968) are highlighted as consensus championships, each of the five championships are described separately[48]:190 and those seasons are highlighted as national championships in the year-by-year results.[48]:159–161
cIowa lists the awarding of the 1958 Grantland Rice National Championship in various publications, but describes championship selections from 3 other years as well in its annual media guide.
dAuburn's 1913, 1983, and 1993 (Auburn was disqualified from post-season play in 1993 and did not play in a bowl game) championships are not recognized by the school.

College Football Data Warehouse recognized national champions

College Football Data Warehouse (CFBDW) is an online resource and database that has collected and researched information on college football and national championship selections. It provides a comprehensive list of national championship selectors[26][27] and has itself recognized selectors that it has deemed to be the most acceptable throughout history. These include the National Championship Foundation (1869–1882), the Helms Athletic Foundation (1883–1935), the College Football Researchers Association (1919–1935), the Associated Press Poll (1936–present), and the Coaches Poll (1950–present).[7] From its research, it has compiled a list of Recognized National Championships for each season.[25] Some years include recognition of multiple teams for a particular season. Please note that the CFBDW list of Recognized Champions does not confer any additional legitimacy to the titles. In this regard, some universities claim championships not recognized by CFBDW or do not claim championships that are recognized by CFBDW. Please consult the above table of National championship claims by school or individual team articles and websites for possible additional or alternative national championship claims.

Below is a list of all of the CFBDW recognized national championships from 1869 to present.

School Championships Seasons
Princeton 26 1869, 1870, 1872, 1873, 1874, 1875, 1877, 1878, 1879, 1880, 1881, 1884, 1885, 1886, 1889, 1893, 1896, 1898, 1899, 1903, 1906, 1911, 1920, 1922, 1933, 1935
Yale 18 1874, 1876, 1877, 1880, 1881, 1882, 1883, 1884, 1886, 1887, 1888, 1891, 1892, 1894, 1900, 1907, 1909, 1927
Alabama 15 1925, 1926, 1930, 1934, 1961, 1964, 1965, 1973, 1978, 1979, 1992, 2009, 2011, 2012, 2015
Notre Dame 13 1919, 1924, 1929, 1930, 1943, 1946, 1947, 1949, 1964, 1966, 1973, 1977, 1988
Michigan 11 1901, 1902, 1903, 1904, 1918, 1923, 1932, 1933, 1947, 1948, 1997
USC 10 1928, 1931, 1932, 1962, 1967, 1972, 1974, 1978, 2003, 2004
Pittsburgh 9 1910, 1915, 1916, 1918, 1929, 1931, 1936, 1937, 1976
Harvard 8 1875, 1890, 1898, 1899, 1910, 1912, 1913, 1919
Ohio State 8 1942, 1954, 1957, 1961, 1968, 1970, 2002, 2014
Oklahoma 7 1950, 1955, 1956, 1974, 1975, 1985, 2000
Minnesota 6 1934, 1935, 1936, 1940, 1941, 1960
Penn 6 1894, 1895, 1897, 1904, 1907, 1908
Army 5 1914, 1916, 1944, 1945, 1946
Miami (FL) 5 1983, 1987, 1989, 1991, 2001
Nebraska 5 1970, 1971, 1994, 1995, 1997
California 4 1920, 1921, 1922, 1937
Georgia Tech 4 1917, 1928, 1952, 1990
Illinois 4 1914, 1919, 1923, 1927
LSU 4 1908, 1958, 2003, 2007
Michigan State 4 1951, 1952, 1965, 1966
Penn State 4 1911, 1912, 1982, 1986
Tennessee 4 1938, 1950, 1951, 1998
Texas 4 1963, 1969, 1970, 2005
Auburn 3 1913, 1957, 2010
Cornell 3 1915, 1921, 1922
Florida 3 1996, 2006, 2008
Florida State 3 1993, 1999, 2013
Lafayette 3 1896, 1921, 1926
Georgia 2 1942, 1980
Ole Miss 2 1960, 1962
Texas A&M 2 1919, 1939
TCU 2 1935, 1938
Arkansas 1 1964
Boston College 1 1940
BYU 1 1984
Chicago 1 1905
Clemson 1 1981
Colorado 1 1990
Dartmouth 1 1925
Iowa 1 1958
Maryland 1 1953
SMU 1 1935
Stanford 1 1926
Syracuse 1 1959
UCLA 1 1954
Washington 1 1991

Poll era (1936–present)

The polling system first gained widespread consistency with the introduction of the AP poll in 1936, followed by the Coaches' Poll in 1950. National championships are often popularly considered to be "consensus" when both of these polls are in agreement with their national championship selections, although other selectors exist and do make alternative selections. A more modern incarnation, the Bowl Championship Series (BCS), was a consortium of college football conferences that uses a combination of various computer rankings and human polls to mathematically determine a post-season matchup between the two top teams as determined by its formula. The USA Today Coaches' Poll was contractually obligated to name the BCS champion as its national champion.

AP Poll

Main article: AP Poll

The AP college football poll has a long history. The news media began running their own polls of sports writers to determine who was, by popular opinion, the best football team in the country at the end of the season. One of the earliest such polls was the AP College Football Poll, first run in 1934 (compiled and organized by Charles Woodroof, former SEC Assistant Director of Media Relations, but not recognized in the official NCAA Football Bowl Subdivision Records) and then continuously from 1936. Due to the long-standing historical ties between individual college football conferences and high-paying bowl games like the Rose Bowl and Orange Bowl, the NCAA has never held a tournament or championship game to determine the champion of what is now the highest division, NCAA Division I, Football Bowl Subdivision (the Division I, Football Championship Subdivision and lower divisions do hold championship tournaments). As a result, the public and the media began to take the leading vote-getter in the final AP Poll as the national champion for that season.

While the AP Poll currently lists the Top 25 teams in the nation, from 1936 to 1961 the wire service only ranked 20 teams. And from 1962 to 1967 only 10 teams were recognized. From 1968 to 1988, the AP again resumed its Top 20 before expanding to 25 teams in 1989.

Until the 1968 college football season, the final AP Poll of the season was released following the end of the regular season, with the exception of the 1965 season. In 1964, Alabama was named the national champion in the final AP Poll following the completion of the regular season, but lost in the Orange Bowl to Texas, leaving Arkansas as the only undefeated, untied team after the Razorbacks defeated Nebraska in the Cotton Bowl Classic. In 1965, the AP's decision to wait to crown its champion paid off, as top-ranked Michigan State lost to UCLA in the Rose Bowl, number two Arkansas lost to LSU in the Cotton Bowl Classic, and fourth-ranked Alabama defeated third-ranked Nebraska in the Orange Bowl, vaulting the Crimson Tide to the top of the AP's final poll. Michigan State was named national champion in the final United Press International poll of coaches, which did not conduct a post-bowl poll. At the end of the 1947 season, the AP released an unofficial post-bowl poll which differed from the regular season final poll. The AP national championship had been awarded before bowl games were played.

Beginning in the 1968 season, a post bowl game poll was released and the AP championship reflected the bowl game results. The UPI did not follow suit with the coaches' poll until the 1974 season.

Coaches' Poll

Main article: Coaches' Poll
The AFCA National Championship Trophy

The Coaches' poll began selecting the top 20 teams on a weekly basis during the 1950–1951 college football season. It is conducted among selected members of the American Football Coaches Association. In 1990 the poll expanded to a top 25, and it has retained this format since. The Coaches' Poll took their final poll prior to the bowl games from 1950–1973, and since 1974, has taken their final poll after bowl games. The Coaches' Poll does not include teams on either NCAA or conference-sanction probation, which also differentiates it from the AP poll.[85] The poll has been released through various media outlets and with differing sponsors over its history, and thus has taken a succession of different names, including United Press (UP) from 1950 thru 1957, the United Press International (UPI) from 1958 thru 1990, USA Today/CNN from 1991 thru 1996, USA Today/ESPN from 1997 to 2004, and USA Today from 2005 to present.

During the era of the BCS, the Coaches' Poll was under contractual obligation to award its national championship selection to the winner of the BCS Championship Game or its predecessors—who was presented with the AFCA National Championship Trophy during a post-game presentation. The College Football Playoff is not tied to the Coaches' Poll in this manner.[86]

Poll era national championships by school (1936–present)

The following table contains the National Championships that have been recognized by the final AP or Coaches' Poll. Originally both the AP and Coaches' poll champions were crowned after the regular season, but since 1968 and 1974, respectively, both polls crown their champions after the bowl games are completed. The BCS champion was automatically awarded the Coaches' Poll championship. Of the current 120+ Football Bowl Subdivision (FBS, formerly Division I-A) schools, only 30 have won at least a share of a national title by the AP or Coaches' poll. Of these 30 teams, only 19 teams have won multiple titles. Of the 19 teams, only 7 have won five or more national titles: Alabama, Notre Dame, Oklahoma, USC, Miami (FL), Nebraska, and Ohio State. The years listed in the table below indicate a national championship selection by the AP or Coaches' Poll. The selections are noted with (AP) or (Coaches) when a national champion selection differed between the two polls for that particular season, which has occurred in twelve different seasons (including 2004, for which the coaches selection was rescinded) since the polls first came to coexist in 1950.

School Championships Seasons
Alabama 11 1961, 1964, 1965 (AP), 1973 (Coaches), 1978 (AP), 1979, 1992, 2009, 2011, 2012, 2015
Notre Dame 8 1943, 1946, 1947, 1949, 1966, 1973 (AP), 1977, 1988
Oklahoma 7 1950, 1955, 1956, 1974 (AP), 1975, 1985, 2000
USC 7 1962, 1967, 1972, 1974 (Coaches), 1978 (Coaches), 2003 (AP), 2004 (AP)*
Ohio State 6 1942, 1954 (AP), 1957 (Coaches), 1968, 2002, 2014
Miami (FL) 5 1983, 1987, 1989, 1991 (AP), 2001
Nebraska 5 1970 (AP), 1971, 1994, 1995, 1997 (Coaches)
Minnesota 4 1936, 1940, 1941, 1960
Texas 4 1963, 1969, 1970 (Coaches), 2005
Florida 3 1996, 2006, 2008
Florida State 3 1993, 1999, 2013
LSU 3 1958, 2003 (Coaches), 2007
Army 2 1944, 1945
Auburn 2 1957 (AP), 2010
Michigan 2 1948, 1997 (AP)
Michigan State 2 1952, 1965 (Coaches)
Penn State 2 1982, 1986
Pittsburgh 2 1937, 1976
Tennessee 2 1951, 1998
BYU 1 1984
Clemson 1 1981
Colorado 1 1990 (AP)
Georgia 1 1980
Georgia Tech 1 1990 (Coaches)
Maryland 1 1953
Syracuse 1 1959
TCU 1 1938
Texas A&M 1 1939
UCLA 1 1954 (Coaches)
Washington 1 1991 (Coaches)

*USC's 2004–2005 BCS National Championship was vacated by the BCS and the AFCA Coaches' Trophy returned.[16]

BCS championships

The Bowl Championship Series (BCS) was a selection system designed to give the top two teams in the NCAA Division I-Football Bowl Subdivision System (formerly Division I-A) an opportunity to compete in a "national championship game". This championship was intended as a surrogate for a playoff system since the NCAA does not formally determine a champion in this category. It began during the 1998 season, but a number of controversial selections spurred changes to the format over the years. Prior to the 2006 season, eight teams competed in four BCS Bowls (the Orange, Sugar, Rose, and Fiesta). The BCS replaced the Bowl Alliance (in place from 1995–1997), which itself followed the Bowl Coalition (in place from 1992–1994). One of the main differences was that the Rose Bowl participated in the BCS; previously, the Big Ten and Pac-12 champions automatically played in the Rose Bowl regardless of their poll rankings. However, after the change, those teams played in the BCS National Championship Game if they finished No. 1 or No. 2 in the BCS standings.

The BCS formula varied over the years, with the final version relying on a combination of the Coaches' and Harris polls and an average of various computer rankings to determine relative team rankings, and to narrow the field to two teams to play in the BCS National Championship Game held after the other college bowl games. The winner of this game was crowned Coaches' Poll national champion winning the AFCA National Championship Trophy and was also awarded the MacArthur Trophy by the National Football Foundation.[13]


BCS National Championships by school (1998–2013)

School Championships Seasons
Alabama 3 2009, 2011, 2012
Florida 2 2006, 2008
Florida State 2 1999, 2013
LSU 2 2003, 2007
Auburn 1 2010
Miami (FL) 1 2001
Ohio State 1 2002
Oklahoma 1 2000
Tennessee 1 1998
Texas 1 2005
USC 0* 2004*

*USC's victory in the 2005 Orange Bowl and subsequent 2004–05 BCS National Championship was vacated by the BCS.[16][87]

College Football Playoff championships

The College Football Playoff (CFP) was designed as a replacement for the BCS. While the NCAA still does not officially sanction the event, organizers sought to bring a playoff system similar to all other levels of NCAA football to the Football Bowl Subdivision.

The College Football Playoff relies on a 13-member selection committee to choose the top four teams to play in a two-round single-elimination playoff bracket. The winner of the final game is awarded the College Football Playoff National Championship Trophy.

CFP National Championships by school (2014–present)

School Championships Seasons
Alabama 1 2015
Ohio State 1 2014

See also

Notes

  1. ↑ The following schools either make no apparent statement or claim regarding national championships, or clearly state no claims on a national championship, despite the listing of a national championship for that school in the official NCAA Football Bowl Subdivision Records: Arizona State, Centre, Colgate, Columbia, Detroit, Missouri, Purdue, Rutgers, Washington & Jefferson, and Wisconsin.
  2. ↑ All National Championships listed in the official NCAA Football Bowl Subdivision Records, as well as all additional selections compiled at College Football Data Warehouse, were checked for claims by the applicable schools. Although every care was taken to be thorough and accurate, it can not be assumed that there are no missing or misrepresented claims due to potential limitations of the available source material for any one institution.

References

  1. ↑ "Syracuse and Cornell Still Top Gridders". The Reading Eagle. Reading, PA. November 12, 1923. p. 12. Retrieved May 5, 2015.
  2. ↑ Viehman, Harold H., ed. (1939). The 1939 Owl. Pittsburgh, PA: University of Pittsburgh. p. 276. Retrieved May 5, 2015.
  3. ↑ Dodd, Dennis (December 22, 2004). "Subtracting AP poll leaves BCS again scrambling for legitimacy". CBSsports.com. Archived from the original on March 8, 2013. Retrieved May 5, 2015.
  4. ↑ Peterson, Bill (November 5, 2008). "UC Football in the Hunt for a Big East Crown and BCS Bid". Citybeat.com. Retrieved May 5, 2015.
  5. 1 2 3 Hooper, Matt (October 10, 2009). Noel, Tex, ed. "How many national titles can Alabama really lay claim to? Better yet, why is there more than one answer? (republished with permission from the Birmingham Weekly)" (PDF). The College Football Historian. Intercollegiate Football Researchers Association. 2 (9). ISSN 2326-3628. Retrieved May 5, 2015.
  6. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 2016 NCAA Football Bowl Subdivision Records (PDF). Indianapolis, IN: The National Collegiate Athletic Association. August 2016. Retrieved August 24, 2016.
  7. 1 2 3 DeLassus, David. "National Championships". College Football Data Warehouse. Retrieved May 5, 2015.
  8. ↑ "Doctors After the Indians". Baltimore American. 187 (34,129). Baltimore, MD. October 31, 1899. p. 4. Retrieved May 5, 2015.
  9. 1 2 Noel, Tex, ed. (May 2009). "Three Actual Polls from the 1901 College Football Season" (PDF). The College Football Historian. Intercollegiate Football Researchers Association. 2 (4). ISSN 2326-3628. Retrieved May 5, 2015.
  10. 1 2 3 4 5 6 Walsh, Christopher J. (2007). Who's #1?: 100-Plus Years of Controversial National Champions in College Football. Taylor Trade Publications. pp. 13–16, 148–149. ISBN 9781461734765. Retrieved May 5, 2015.
  11. ↑ "Year-by-Year FBS Coaches Final Polls". AFCA.com. American Football Coaches Association. Retrieved May 5, 2015.
  12. ↑ Billingsley, Richard (2001). "The road to the BCS has been a long one". ESPN College Football. ESPN. Retrieved May 7, 2015.
  13. 1 2 "The MacArthur Bowl". National Football Foundation. Retrieved May 5, 2015.
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  15. ↑ "AFCA Recognizes Oklahoma State as 1945 National Champion". afca.com. American Football Coaches Association. Retrieved 18 October 2016.
  16. 1 2 3 4 "BCS strips Southern California of 2004 national championship". USA Today. June 6, 2011. Retrieved May 5, 2015.
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  25. 1 2 DeLassus, David. "Recognized National Championships by Year". College Football Data Warehouse. Retrieved May 5, 2015.
  26. 1 2 DeLassus, David. "Current National Championship Selectors". College Football Data Warehouse. Retrieved May 5, 2015.
  27. 1 2 DeLassus, David. "Previous National Championship Selectors". College Football Data Warehouse. Retrieved May 5, 2015.
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  40. ↑ "GopherSports.com: University of Minnesota Athletics – National Champions". University of Minnesota Athletics Department. Retrieved May 5, 2015.
  41. ↑ "OU History & Tradition - 7 National Championships". SoonerSports.com. University of Oklahoma Department of Intercollegiate Athletics. Retrieved May 5, 2015.
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