Clearwater River (Saskatchewan)

For other rivers called Clearwater, see Clearwater River (disambiguation).
Clearwater River
Clearwater River valley near Fort McMurray
Country Canada
Provinces Saskatchewan, Alberta
Part of Athabasca River drainage basin
Source Broach Lake
 - location Saskatchewan
 - coordinates 57°43′14″N 109°22′30″W / 57.72056°N 109.37500°W / 57.72056; -109.37500
Mouth Athabasca River at
 - location Fort McMurray, Alberta
 - coordinates 56°44′53″N 111°23′1.4″W / 56.74806°N 111.383722°W / 56.74806; -111.383722Coordinates: 56°44′53″N 111°23′1.4″W / 56.74806°N 111.383722°W / 56.74806; -111.383722
Length 295 km (183 mi)
[1][2]

Clearwater River is the name of a river in the Canadian provinces of Saskatchewan and Alberta.

Course

The Clearwater River totals 295 kilometres (183 mi) in length and rises in northwestern Saskatchewan in the northern forest region of the Precambrian Shield. From its headwaters at Broach Lake it flows southeast through Saskatchewan before it turns southwest at Careen Lake. It continues 108 kilometres (67 mi) beyond the Alberta border before it joins the Athabasca River at Fort McMurray. This section of the river in Fort McMurray is also more affectionately referred to as The Chant. From there the Clearwater’s waters reach the Mackenzie River and later the Arctic Ocean.

From its headwaters in Broach Lake at 460 metres (1,510 ft) above sea level, the Clearwater drops about 150 metres (490 ft) to its junction with the Athabasca River. The upper part of the river flows over the Precambrian Shield, through rapids, over small waterfalls and through one gorge. More downstream, the river valley enters the Interior Plains and its channels are meandering along sandbars and small islands. The lower Clearwater in Alberta is characterized by high valley walls of limestone and dolomite gorges.

Tributaries of the Clearwater River include Descharme River and McLean River in Saskatchewan and Christina River in Alberta.

Clearwater River in the Athabasca Watershed

History

A section of John Franklin's 1819-20 expedition map showing the Clearwater River fur trade route from Methye Portage to Fort McMurray

Rock-paintings along the upper portion of the river, shapes and symbols on rock surfaces, suggest that this area was already inhabited 5,000 years ago. Before the European colonisation, it was native groups of Beaver, Cree and Chipewyan people who were located here.

During the European exploration and the fur trade of the 18th century, the downstream area of the Clearwater River was an important transportation route between Hudson Bay and Montreal in the east and the District of Athabasca in the west. Farther upstream, the Precambrian upper section was a barrier difficult to overcome by the traders. It was as far back as 1778 that explorer Peter Pond was the first to cross the Methye Portage between Lac La Loche and upper Clearwater River, a 19-kilometre (12 mi) overland link on the route from Churchill to Athabasca. For almost 40 years, this was the only overland connection for the fur trade in this area, and continued to be in use for most of the 19th century as well. See Canadian Canoe Routes (early).

Fish species

The river's fish species include: walleye, yellow perch, northern pike, lake trout, Arctic grayling, lake whitefish, cisco, white sucker, longnose sucker and burbot.

Conservation

To conserve the river’s value, the province of Saskatchewan has established the Clearwater River Provincial Park (865 mi2; or 2240 km2).[3] The Saskatchewan section was granted Canadian Heritage River status in 1986, and the Alberta section of the Clearwater was designated in 2004.[4] Highway 955 crosses the river in the provincial park.

Regional Aquatics Monitoring Program (RAMP)

The Regional Aquatics Monitoring Program (RAMP) uses the Clearwater River as a "baseline river system" to provide "information on the variability and characteristics of natural systems" because of the "The lack of significant oil sands developments."[5] The Clearwater River[4] designated as part of the Canadian Heritage Rivers System, flows 187 kilometres (116 mi) from its headwaters in Broach Lake in northwestern Saskatchewan, through Saskatchewan and Alberta and joins the Athabasca River at Fort McMurray, eventually reaching the Mackenzie River and the Arctic Ocean.[4][5]

See also

References

  1. ↑ "Natural Resources Canada-Canadian Geographical Names (Clearwater River)". Retrieved 2014-08-29.
  2. ↑ "Atlas of Canada Toporama". Retrieved 2014-08-29.
  3. ↑ Saskatchewan Parks - Clearwater River Park
  4. 1 2 3 "Clearwater River". Canadian Heritage Rivers System. Retrieved 11 June 2013.
  5. 1 2 "Clearwater River Hydrological Profile". Hydrology of the Athabasca Oil Sands Region. Regional Aquatics Monitoring Program (RAMP). Retrieved 11 June 2013.
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