Chinese passport

This article deals with passports issued by the People's Republic of China (PRC). For passports issued by the Republic of China (Taiwan), see Taiwan passport.

People's Republic of China passport 中华人民共和国护照
The front cover of an ordinary Chinese biometric passport since 15 May 2012.
Issued by	China
Type of document	Passport
Eligibility requirements	Chinese nationals with Hukou residing in Mainland China, or Chinese nationals residing abroad who do not qualify for travel documents issued by Hong Kong or Macau
Expiration	10 years after acquisition for adults aged 16 or over, 5 for children
Cost	¥200 for first passport ¥220 for renewed passport

The People's Republic of China passport (simplified Chinese: 中华人民共和国护照; traditional Chinese: 中華人民共和國護照; pinyin: Zhōnghuá Rénmín Gònghéguó hùzhào), commonly referred to as the Chinese passport, is the passport issued to nationals of the People's Republic of China (PRC) who are not resident of Hong Kong or Macau for international travel.

Issued to Chinese nationals with Hukou residing in Mainland China as defined by the PRC's Nationality Law, the passport normally cannot be used by Chinese nationals when travelling solely to Hong Kong, Macau, or Taiwan. These regions are considered as parts of the PRC by the PRC Government, and thus do not constitute international travel. A Two-way Permit is required for the sole travel between Mainland, Hong Kong and Macau, and travelling to Taiwan from Mainland China requires the Exit-Entry Permit for Travelling to and from Taiwan for Mainland Residents (commonly known as the Mainland Compatriot Permit). Chinese foreign missions, however, do issue visa-like Hong Kong Entry Permits to PRC nationals residing outside Mainland China upon request, so PRC passport holders can travel solely between Hong Kong and Mainland with passports.

Conversely, PRC nationals and ROC nationals residing in these regions cannot use their SAR passports or Republic of China passports to enter Mainland China. Instead, they must use the Home Return Permit, Mainland Travel Permit for Taiwan Residents or the Chinese Travel Document as their travel documents when entering Mainland China.

Mainland China residents transiting through Hong Kong or Macau when traveling to other countries may use their passports to enter Hong Kong and Macau for 7 days each (but to travel on their passports holders need to fill out immigration forms of the two SARs, while filling is not needed for them if traveling on Two-way permit). Although ROC National Immigration Agency also accepts PRC passport as a valid travel document, the PRC authorities does not permit PRC nationals to travel solely on their passports when traveling directly to Taiwan from Mainland China. There are ongoing talks between PRC and ROC governments regarding the use of passports with the sole purpose of transiting to or from a third country.

Chinese nationals who are also permanent residents of Hong Kong or Macau Special Administrative Regions of the PRC are issued Hong Kong or Macau SAR passports by the respective immigration departments of the SARs. Chinese nationals who are not yet have permanent identity card of Hong Kong or Macau Special Administrative Regions are issued Hong Kong Document of Identity for Visa Purposes or Macao Special Administrative Region Travel Permit. The SAR passports and travel documents are issued solely by the government of the SARs, and the designs differ greatly from that of the regular PRC passport, albeit all three passports bear the same country and nationality code, CHN. Holders of SAR passports enjoy visa-free entry to many more countries than holders of regular PRC passports due to their highly developed social and economical status.

In 2014, China issued 16 million passports, ranking first in the world, surpassing the U.S. (14 million) and India (10 million).^[1] As of 2012, over 38 million Chinese nationals hold ordinary passports, comprising only 2.86% of the total population at the time.^[2] The number of ordinary passports in circulation raised to 120 million as of October 2016, which was approximately 8.7% of the population.^[3]

Overview and Contents

Types

Articles 3, 4, 5 and 8 of the Passport Law of the People's Republic of China, which went into effect in 2007, declares three types of passports issued in Mainland China:^[4]

Ordinary passports (普通护照) are issued to nationals who intend to go abroad for non-official purposes, such as taking up residences in other countries, visiting relatives, studying, working, travelling or engaging in business activities. They are issued by the Exit and Entry Administration (EEA) of the Ministry of Public Security (MPS) or by the EEAs of county or city level which are authorized by the MPS, or the foreign missions of the People’s Republic of China, or other missions overseas authorized by the Ministry of Foreign Affairs.
Diplomatic passports (外交护照) are issued to diplomats, consuls and their spouses or children who are minor, and diplomatic couriers. They are issued by the Ministry of Foreign Affairs (MFA).
Service passports (公务护照) are issued to employees who are dispatched by the Chinese government to work for the Chinese foreign missions, the United Nations or its special commissions, and other international organizations, and their spouses or children who are minor. They are issued by the MFA, foreign missions of the People’s Republic of China, other missions overseas authorized by the MFA, or the Foreign Affairs Offices under the governments of provinces, autonomous regions, municipalities directly under the Central Government and cities divided into districts authorized by the MFA.
- A special variation of service passport, called passport for public affairs (公务普通护照, lit. ordinary service passport), is issued to the public servants who are "leading roles of divisions or equivalents" of the county or state-owned companies, and employees of state-controlled companies.^[5]

Article 9 of the Law states that the "issuing scope of diplomatic passports and service passports, the measures for issue of such passports, their terms of validity and the specific categories of service passports shall be prescribed by the Ministry of Foreign Affairs".

The ordinary passport is considered as passports "for private affairs" (因私护照), while service (including for public affairs passports) and diplomatic passports are passports "for public affairs" (因公护照).^[6]

The passports for Macau and Hong Kong SARs are issued and regulated by the governments of these regions, hence are not covered in this law.

From July 2011, the Chinese government has already rolled out biometric versions of diplomatic passports, service passports and passports for public affairs.^[5] The launch date of biometric ordinary passports was May 15, 2012.

Diplomatic e-passport
Service e-passport
Public Affairs e-passport
Ordinary e-passport

Passport for public affairs

A different passport for public affairs (因公普通护照, lit. ordinary passport for public affairs) was issued until 2006. Unlike the current version, it was classified as a variation of ordinary passport. The abuse of the use of document resulted in its subsequent cancellation. Unlike the other passports, it was issued by the provincial or municipal Foreign Affairs Offices, rather than the Ministry of Foreign Affairs or the Ministry of Public Security.^[7]

In 1996, 77% of persons exiting China held the passport for public affairs.^[8] The rate had dropped to 39% by 2002.^[9] The reason for the high rate of usage was because the passport for public affairs offered more visa-free countries, such as Russia, than the ordinary passport.^[7] Chinese regulations require the passport of public affairs to be kept in the possession of the holder's work unit,^[10] such that they must be surrendered by the individual within one month of returning to China.^[11] However, almost all holders chose to ignore the regulation, and this type of passport was widely issued even to street food dealers living in the border cities who wanted to extend their businesses to Russia. Frequent abuse of the use of this document subsequently resulted in the cancellation of visa-free agreements by many countries.^[7]

Validity

The passport previously had an across-the-board 5-year period of validity. Since 2007, it is valid for 10 years for bearers above 16 years of age, and for 5 years for bearers below 16 years of age. According to the 2006 Passport Law of the People's Republic of China, renewal of previously issued passports ended on January 1, 2007. However, passports renewed before 2007 remained valid until expiry.

Format

The newest version of the regular Chinese passport is the biometric version, which replaced its predecessors "Form 92", "Form 97-1" and "Form 97-2". It was released to the general public in May 2012. The passport contains 48 pages.

Ordinary Passport - Inside

Form "97-2"

Biodata page of the Form "97-2" PRC Ordinary Passport.

The Form "97-2" ordinary Chinese passport is a machine-readable passport. In "97-2", personal data is on the inside front cover along with a coloured photo printed with inkjet printer, with a protection film covering most of the data page. Details include:

Passport code (P)
Country Code (CHN)
Passport number (G########) - consists of one letter indicating passport type (G = ordinary), followed by eight digits
Surname
Given Names
Sex (M/F)
Date of birth (DD.MMM.YYYY)
Date of issue (DD.MMM.YYYY)
Place of birth (Province, or city/province/state if born abroad)
Place of issue (Province, or city/province/state of diplomatic/consular authority if issued abroad)
Date of expiry (DD.MMM.YYYY)
Authority (Exit & Entry Administration, Ministry of Public Security or the Chinese diplomatic and consular mission)
Machine Readable Code

Biometric passport

Inside page of a PRC Ordinary E-Passport.

In the biometric Passport, the personal data page was moved to a separate sheet of paper, and the design of personal data page has been amended significantly, adding the full name of PRC in Simplified Chinese and English on top along with an e-passport symbol printed with optically variable ink. New security features include a second ghost image of the holder and additional holographic graphs including the PRC emblem and the laser-printed world map. The details included are as follows:

Passport code (P)
Country Code (CHN)
Passport number (E########) - consists of one letter indicating passport type (E = e-passport), followed by eight digits
Name (Chinese characters on top, Pinyin transcription on bottom, a comma separates surname and given names in Pinyin only)
Sex (M/F)
Nationality (Chinese)
Date of birth (DD.MMM.YYYY)
Place of birth (Province with romanized transcription, or the country code if born abroad, along with Chinese abbreviation of the country)
Date of issue (DD.MMM.YYYY, month is transcribed into Arabic numerals)
Place of issue (Province, or city of diplomatic/consular authority if issued abroad)
Date of expiry (DD.MMM.YYYY, month is transcribed into Arabic numerals)
Authority ("MPS Exit and Entry Administration" or the full name of the Chinese diplomatic diplomatic/consular authority)
Bearer's signature
Machine Readable Code

Languages

All information is printed in Simplified Chinese and English, except for the "Attentions" page, which is only printed in Simplified Chinese.

Passport Note

Anti-counterfeiting design in note page glows under black light

In Chinese

中华人民共和国外交部请各国军政机关对持照人予以通行的便利和必要的协助。

In English

The Ministry of Foreign Affairs of the People's Republic of China requests all civil and military authorities of foreign countries to allow the bearer of this passport to pass freely and afford assistance in case of need.

In French (On version 82 only)

Le Ministère des Affaires Étrangères de la République Populaire de Chine prie les autorites civiles et militaires des pays étrangers de laisser passer librement le titulaire de ce passeport et de lui preter aide et assistance en cas de besoin.

On version "97-1" and "97-2", it is on page 1. On the biometric version, it is moved to page 3.

Last page

The note on the last page.

The last page has the notes for the passport. For e-passport, inside the backcover, a caution for the biometric chip is written in both Chinese and English:

本护照内置敏感电子元件。为保持最佳性能，请不要将护照折弯、打孔或者暴露在极端温湿度环境中。
This passport contains sensitive electronics. For best performance, please do not bend, perforate or expose to extreme temperatures or excess moisture.
请勿在此盖印 DO NOT STAMP HERE

Alternative travel documents for Chinese Nationals

Chinese nationals who are permanent residents of Hong Kong do not qualify for a PRC passport and must use the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region passport for travelling outside Mainland China and Macao.
Chinese nationals who are permanent residents of Macao also do not qualify for a PRC passport, and must use the Macao Special Administrative Region passport for travelling outside Mainland China and Hong Kong.
Chinese nationals who are non-permanent residents of Hong Kong and who do not qualify for a PRC passport (i.e. those who traveled to Hong Kong on a One-way Permit and relinquished their Hukou) can request the Hong Kong Document of Identity for Visa Purposes from the Hong Kong Immigration Department for travelling outside Mainland China and Macao.
Chinese nationals who are non-permanent residents of Macao and who do not qualify for a PRC passport (i.e. those who traveled to Macau on a One-way Permit and relinquished their Hukou) can request the Macao Special Administrative Region Travel Permit from Macao's Identification Services Bureau for travelling outside Mainland China and Visit Permit for Resident of Macao to HKSAR for travelling to Hong Kong.
Chinese nationals (i.e. any person who qualifies for PRC nationality under the Chinese Nationality Law which includes most nationals of ROC) abroad who do not qualify for a PRC passport can be issued a Chinese Travel Document from PRC Embassies and Consulates outside Mainland China, including:
- Children born to Chinese parents abroad who derive Chinese nationality from their parents through jus sanguinis;
- Nationals of ROC (Taiwan) abroad wishing to visit Mainland China, Hong Kong, or Macao and who do not have a Mainland Travel Permit for Taiwan Residents (traveling to Hong Kong requires a separate application for Hong Kong Entry Permit, affixed on the Chinese Travel Document);
- Residents of Hong Kong or Macao abroad wishing to visit Mainland China and who do not have a Home Return Permit;
- Chinese nationals who lost their passport while traveling abroad.

Fee and processing time

The fee for a Chinese passport is CNY 200 for first-time applicants and CNY 220 for subsequent renewals. When applying for a passport overseas, the fee is US$35 or €25. No extra fees are charged for expedited processing if approved.^[12]

Normal processing time is 10 business days when applying from Mainland China, and 15 business days from Chinese diplomatic missions outside Mainland China (including Hong Kong and Macau). Expedited processing is available for 5 business days, but is only available if the applicants have genuine emergencies, such as they have deceased relatives abroad, their first day of school is near, or they have unused visas in old passports that are expiring soon.^[13] Some regions, such as Xinjiang, have stricter rules regarding the application process which requires additional background checks and an invitation letter from a friend or family outside Mainland China, or a travel voucher from a tourist agency. In this case, processing time is usually more than 30 business days and could be prolonged.^[14]

Visa requirements

Main article: Visa requirements for Chinese citizens

Visa-free travel for ordinary PRC ordinary passport holders

Visa requirements for Chinese citizens are administrative entry restrictions by the authorities of other states placed on citizens of the People's Republic of China. As of 2015, Chinese citizens have visa-free or visa on arrival access to 45 countries and territories, ranking the PRC passport 83rd in the world according to the Visa Restrictions Index.

Foreign travel statistics

According to the statistics these are the numbers of Chinese visitors to various countries per annum in 2014 (unless otherwise noted):

Foreign travel statistics
Destination	Number of visitors
American Samoa^[15]	758
Australia^{[note 1]}^[16]	1,023,600
Austria^{[note 1]}^{[note 2]}^[17]	715,119
Azerbaijan^{[note 1]}^[18]	5,094
Bahamas^{[note 3]}^[19]	782
Belgium^[20]	169,075
Belize^{[note 3]}^[21]	2,920
Bhutan^{[note 1]}^[22]	9,399
Bolivia^[23]	5,998
Bosnia and Herzegovina^{[note 1]}^[24]	9,948
Botswana^[25]	6,788
Brazil^{[note 1]}^[26]	53,064
Cambodia^{[note 1]}^[27]	694,712
Canada^{[note 1]}^[28]	511,234
Cayman Islands^{[note 1]}^{[note 4]}^[29]	222
Cook Islands^{[note 1]}^[30]	551
Costa Rica^{[note 1]}^[31]	9,552
Croatia^{[note 1]}^[32]	87,884
Cuba^{[note 1]}^[33]	31,733
Cyprus^{[note 1]}^[34]	2,508
Czech Republic^{[note 1]}^{[note 2]}^[35]	285,404
Dominican Republic^{[note 1]}^[36]	2,863
Estonia^{[note 1]}^{[note 2]}^[37]	12,027
Fiji^{[note 1]}^[38]	40,174
Finland^{[note 1]}^{[note 2]}^[39]	121,127
France^[40]	1,700,000
French Polynesia^{[note 1]}^[41]	5,555
Georgia^{[note 1]}^[42]	9,555
Germany^{[note 1]}^[43]	9,555
Greece^{[note 1]}^[44]	55,097
Guam^{[note 1]}^{[note 4]}^[45]	23,698
Hong Kong^{[note 1]}^[46]	45,842,360
Hungary^{[note 1]}^{[note 2]}^[47]	125,598
India^{[note 1]}^[48]	206,322
Indonesia^[49]	926,750
Israel^{[note 1]}^[50]	47,400
Italy^{[note 1]}^[51]	2,297,699
Jamaica^{[note 1]}^[52]	3,744
Japan^{[note 1]}^[53]	4,993,689
Jordan^{[note 1]}^[54]	23,186
Kyrgyzstan^{[note 1]}^[55]	35,800
Laos^{[note 1]}^[56]	511,436
Latvia^{[note 1]}^{[note 2]}^[57]	13,022
Lithuania^{[note 1]}^[58]	9,600
Macedonia^{[note 1]}^[59]	7,256
Malaysia^{[note 1]}^[60]	1,677,163
Malawi^{[note 5]}^[61]	4,715
Maldives^{[note 1]}^[62]	359,514
Mauritius^{[note 1]}^[63]	89,585
Mexico^{[note 1]}^[64]	97,889
Micronesia^{[note 1]}^[65]	2,495
Mongolia^{[note 1]}^[66]	145,029
Montenegro^{[note 2]}^[67]	7,932
Myanmar^{[note 1]}^[68]	147,977
Namibia^{[note 1]}^[69]	12,195
Nepal^{[note 1]}^[70]	66,984
Netherlands^[71]	249,000
New Zealand^{[note 1]}^[72]	355,904
Northern Mariana Islands^{[note 1]}^[73]	186,509
Oman^{[note 3]}^[74]	15,616
Pakistan^{[note 5]}^[75]	30,100
Palau^{[note 1]}^[76]	87,058
Panama^{[note 1]}^[77]	17,293
Papua New Guinea^{[note 1]}^[78]	10,255
Peru^{[note 1]}^[79]	19,243
Philippines^{[note 1]}^[80]	490,841
Romania^{[note 1]}^[81]	20,889
Russia^{[note 1]}^[82]	1,353,000
Samoa^{[note 1]}^[83]	2,413
Serbia^{[note 1]}^{[note 2]}^[84]	14,238
Singapore^{[note 1]}^[85]	2,106,164
Slovenia^{[note 1]}^[86]	24,113
Solomon Islands^{[note 1]}^[87]	742
South Africa^{[note 1]}^[88]	84,691
South Korea^{[note 1]}^[89]	4,712,133
Sri Lanka^{[note 1]}^[90]	214,783
Suriname^{[note 1]}^[91]	2,319
Tonga^{[note 1]}^[92]	939
Thailand^{[note 1]}^[93]	7,934,791
Timor-Leste^{[note 6]}^[94]	3,717
Turkey^{[note 1]}^[95]	313,704
Tuvalu^{[note 7]}^[96]	9
Ukraine^{[note 1]}^[97]	12,966
United Kingdom^{[note 1]}^[98]	325,000
United States^[99]	2,001,302
Vanuatu^{[note 1]}^[100]	2,186
Vietnam^{[note 1]}^[101]	1,780,918
Zambia^[102]	30,831

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50 51 52 53 54 55 56 57 58 59 60 61 62 63 64 65 66 67 68 69 70 71 Data for 2015
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 Counting only guests in tourist accommodation establishments.
1 2 3 Data for 2013
1 2 Data for arrivals by air only.
1 2 Data for 2009
↑ Data for arrivals by air only.
↑ Data for 2011

Self-Service Immigration System (e-Gate)

Holders of Chinese biometric Passports are eligible to use the Self-Service Immigration System, or e-Gates, when arriving from destinations outside Mainland China. E-Gates are located throughout numerous international airports in Mainland China (including the four busiest international gateways: Beijing Capital International Airport, Shanghai Pudong International Airport, Shanghai Hongqiao International Airport and Guangzhou Baiyun International Airport) as well as land border crossing checkpoints in Shenzhen and Zhuhai. In order to use the e-Gate, they must hold biometric passports with their fingerprint data pre-recorded on the biometric chip. If their biometric passports do not contain fingerprint data, they must first register with China Immigration Inspection (CII) at land border checkpoints or international airports to be eligible.^[103]

Starting from August 19, 2016, passengers are able to use the e-Gates in terminal 2 of Beijing Capital International Airport to complete exit procedures from China as well.^[104]

Eligibility

The extended list of eligible travelers are:^[105]^[104]

Registration with CII not required:

Holders of biometric passports that contain fingerprint data;
Holders of the new biometric Two-way Permits with valid entry endorsements that contain fingerprint data.

Registration with CII required:

Holders of the booklet-style Two-way Permits with multiple-entry endorsements;
Holders of Travel Permit to and from Taiwan for Mainland Residents booklet with multiple-exit endorsements;
Holders of Exit and Entry Permits that are valid for one year and multiple entries (only for the specific port of entry that they have registered with);
Holders of Home Return Permits;
Holders of Taiwan Compatriot Permits;
Foreign nationals with their passports and Chinese Permanent Resident cards;
Foreign nationals with their biometric passports and residence permits with a validity of more than 6 months; and
Flight crew members serving scheduled flights who are either Chinese or visa-exempt nationals, or non-visa-exempt nationals holding crew or work visas or residence permits that are valid for at least 1 year.

Controversy

Vietnam and the Philippines have criticized China's decision to include disputed South China Sea islands on maps printed inside new Chinese passports.^[106] These maps also include territory currently disputed with India.^[107]

The government has been criticized for refusing applications for passports, particularly for Chinese dissidents and Chinese nationals who are of Tibetan and Uyghur descent. A human rights organization has estimated that over 14 million Chinese were either denied a passport or were unable to get one because of the restrictions.^[108]

It is worth noting that holding a Chinese passport does not grant the holder's right to return to China. In November 2009, Feng Zhenghu, a Chinese national and scholar, was denied entry to China for eight times after his medical treatment in Japan despite holding a valid Chinese passport and having no other nationalities. On four occasions, he successfully boarded the flight bound for Shanghai but was subsequently deported by Chinese immigration authorities. Feng refused to pass immigration control in Narita Airport and remained in the pre-immigration area for three months until he received guarantee made by Chinese diplomats in Japan to allow his return. After returning to China in February 2010, he was immediately placed under house arrest.^[109] The Chinese government was reported to maintain a black list which contains a list of individuals, both Chinese and foreign, that were not to enter the country.^[108]

From May 2016, passport applicants in Ili Kazakh Autonomous Prefecture of Xinjiang are required to produce their DNA sample and Voiceprint as well as three-dimensional images when applying for a passport.^[110]

Gallery

1955 (left) and 1951 (right) versions of the PRC passport.
A Type "82" passport issued from early 80s to 1992
1992 version of diplomatic passport
Cover of Type "92" passport, issued until early 2000s
Type "97-1" passport, issued from 2000 to early 2007
1997 version of diplomatic passport
1997 version of public affairs passport
1997 version of service passport
Type "97-2" passport, issued from early 2007 to May 2012
The old passport for public affairs, issued before 2007
Current version of biometric passport

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↑ "细说首都机场边防自助通关". BCIA. November 23, 2012. Retrieved July 2, 2015.
1 2 "首都机场自助通关出境最快6秒-新华网". news.xinhuanet.com. Retrieved 2016-09-06.
↑ "边检扩大自助通关人员范围 10类旅客从昆明出入境5秒可通关". 昆明信息港. Retrieved 2016-09-06.
↑ "China maps path to new conflicts in its passports". The Age. November 23, 2012. Retrieved November 26, 2012.
↑ "Here's the Chinese passport map that's infuriating much of Asia". The Washington Post. November 26, 2012. Retrieved November 26, 2012.
1 2 No Exit: China Uses Passports as Political Cudgel February 22, 2013 NYT
↑ Yamaguchi, Mari (2 February 2016). "Man who spent 3 months in Tokyo airport to leave". Associated Press.
↑ http://www.straitstimes.com/asia/east-asia/dna-sample-required-to-get-passport-in-xinjiang

External links

Wikimedia Commons has media related to Passports of China.

Text of the 2006 Passport Law of the People's Republic of China

Passports

Africa

Central

CEMAC	Cameroon Central African Republic Chad Congo, Republic of the Equatorial Guinea Gabon

Angola Congo, Democratic Republic of the São Tomé and Príncipe

Eastern

Northern

Southern

Western

Mauritania Saint Helena¹

ECOWAS	Benin Burkina Faso Cape Verde Côte d'Ivoire Gambia Ghana Guinea Guinea-Bissau Liberia Mali Niger Nigeria Senegal Sierra Leone Togo

Americas

Caribbean

Anguilla¹ British Virgin Islands¹ Cayman Islands¹ Cuba Dominican Republic Montserrat¹ Turks and Caicos Islands¹

CARICOM	Antigua and Barbuda Bahamas Barbados Dominica Grenada Haiti Jamaica Saint Kitts and Nevis Saint Lucia Saint Vincent and the Grenadines Trinidad and Tobago

Central

Costa Rica Panama

CARICOM	Belize

Central America-4	El Salvador Guatemala Honduras Nicaragua

North

South

Chile

Andean	Bolivia Colombia Ecuador Peru

CARICOM	Guyana Suriname

Mercosur	Argentina Brazil Paraguay Uruguay Venezuela

Asia

Central & North	Afghanistan Kazakhstan⁶ Kyrgyzstan Russia³ Tajikistan Turkmenistan Uzbekistan

East	People's Republic of China Hong Kong¹¹ Macao¹¹ Japan Korea, North Korea, South Mongolia Republic of China (Taiwan)⁹

South	Bangladesh Bhutan India Maldives Nepal Pakistan Sri Lanka

Southeast	Brunei Burma Cambodia East Timor Indonesia Laos Malaysia Philippines Singapore Thailand Vietnam

West	Abkhazia⁵ ⁹ Armenia⁷ Azerbaijan⁵ Bahrain Cyprus⁷ Egypt⁸ Georgia⁵ Iran Iraq Israel Jordan Kuwait Lebanon Nagorno-Karabakh⁷ ⁹ Northern Cyprus⁷ ⁹ Oman Palestinian Authority Qatar Saudi Arabia South Ossetia⁵ ⁹ Syria Turkey⁴ United Arab Emirates Yemen

Europe

Other Europe

European Union

Oceania

Australia Fiji Kiribati Marshall Islands Micronesia, Federated States of Nauru New Zealand Palau Papua New Guinea Pitcairn Islands¹ Samoa Solomon Islands Tonga Tuvalu Vanuatu

International organizations
Defunct passports
Passport types

International organizations	European Union laissez-passer International Committee of the Red Cross Interpol United Nations laissez-passer

Defunct	British Indian Empire¹ Czechoslovakia East Germany Korean Empire League of Nations refugee (Nansen) Mandatory Palestine Rhodesia Soviet Union¹² UNMIK Travel Document Yugoslavia

Types	Biometric Camouflage Diplomatic Fake Hajj Horse Internal International Machine-readable Pet Travel document alien refugee stateless person World

¹ A) Includes Crown Dependencies, British Overseas Territories, and former British plantations, crown colonies, colonies, protectorates, protected states, mandates, trust territories and other British possessions.
B) The Isle of Man, Jersey and Guernsey are not part of the European Union, but Manxmen and Channel Islanders are citizens of the European Union; the Isle of Man, Jersey and Guernsey, and Manxmen and Channel Islanders themselves (unless they qualify and apply for recognition of a change in status), are however excluded from the benefits of the Four Freedoms of the European Union.
C) The Government of the United Kingdom also issue passports to British nationals who are not British citizens with the right of abode in the United Kingdom and who are also not otherwise citizens of the European Union.

² Open border with Schengen Area.

³ Russia is a transcontinental country in Eastern Europe and Northern Asia. The vast majority of its population (80%) lives in European Russia, therefore Russia as a whole is included as a European country here.

⁴ Turkey is a transcontinental country in the Middle East and Southeast Europe. Turkey has a small part of its territory (3%) in Southeast Europe called Turkish Thrace.

⁵ Azerbaijan and Georgia (Abkhazia; South Ossetia) are transcontinental countries. Both have a small part of their territories in the European part of the Caucasus.

⁶ Kazakhstan is a transcontinental country. Kazakhstan has a small part of its territories located west of the Urals in Eastern Europe.

⁷ Armenia (Nagorno-Karabakh) and Cyprus (Northern Cyprus) are entirely in Southwest Asia but having socio-political connections with Europe.

⁸ Egypt is a transcontinental country in North Africa and Western Asia. Egypt has a small part of its territory in Western Asia called Sinai peninsula.

⁹ Partially recognized.

¹⁰ Not recognized by any other state.

¹¹ Special Administrative Regions of the People's Republic of China

¹² The Soviet Union was a transcontinental country located in Eurasia

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