Mobile phone industry in China
China's mobile phone industry of cell phone industry has high growth rate, raising its share on the global mobile phone market. During 2007, 600 million mobile phones were made in China which accounted for over 50 percent of the global production. China is the largest market in terms of mobile phone subscribers.
History
- In 1987, wireless telephone communication in the modern sense started by the Ministry of Posts and Telecommunications of China, using GSM technology. A nationwide network was completed in the following year.[1]
- In 2000, the fixed telephone company (China Telecom) and two mobile phone telephone companies (China Mobile and China Unicom) were spun off from the Ministry of Posts and Telecommunications.
- In 2002, the fixed telephone company was split into two: China Netcom for North China and China Telecom for South China
- Until 2008, China's mobile phone service was provided by the three companies:
- GSM service from China Mobile
- GSM and CDMA service (begun in 2002) from China Unicom.
- PHS service from the two fixed phone companies: China Netcom and China Telecom
- In 2008, another reorganization of the telecommunications industry was made a year before the 3G service was granted.
- In 2015, China recorded 1.3 billion mobile subscribers in its domestic market. [2] Nearly everyone in the country has a mobile phone.[2] Nearly 29.6 percent of mobile consumers or 386 million users are on the LTE 4G network.[2]
Mobile phone service providers
After the 2008 reorganization of China's telecommunication industry, there are now three mobile phone service providers.
China Mobile
China Mobile (Chinese: 中国移动) continues the old China Mobile's service, absorbed China Railway Communications, and began 3G service using TD-SCDMA, China's disputed own technology.
China Unicom
China Unicom (Chinese: 中国联通) continues the old China Unicom's GSM service, absorbed the old China Netcom's network of fixed telephones in the north of the Yangtze River in China, and started 3G service using W-CDMA technology.
China Telecom
China Telecom (Chinese: 中国电信) continues PHS service of the old China Netcom and China Telecom, continues the old China Telecom's network of fixed telephones in the south of the Yangtze River, and began 3G service using CDMA2000 technology.
Mobile Phone Industry
Wireless communication is regulated by the Ministry of Industry and Information Technology. The mobile phone industry in China has grown to become a large industry, including research of new technology, manufacturing of mobile phones and building of communications networks, contributed by the domestic companies and also foreign companies, such as:
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Huawei Technologies is expected to surpass Nokia-Siemens Networks and Alcatel-Lucent to become the second largest manufacturer of telecommunications equipment, after Ericsson, in 2009.
ZTE and China Mobile have done turnkey mobile phone network projects in Pakistan, Ethiopia, etc.
Mobile Phones
Mobile phone manufacturers
Domestics sales
The domestic sales of mobile phone made a breakthrough of 100 million in China in 2006.
In 2007, the domestic sales of mobile phone in china were 190 million, increased by 74 percent as compared with 2007. The impetus mainly came from the rapid growth of new mobile phone users and old customers' upgrading demands. Of 190 million mobile phones, 140 million were made through formal channels, while the rest were made through informal channels such as smuggling, counterfeiting and renovating.
Export volume
The export volume of China's mobile phones added up to a record high of 385 million in 2006, increased by 69.3 percent as compared with 2005. In 2007, this figure reached 483 million, increased by 125.45 percent as compared with 2006. As far as 2006, the export volume had reached 31.214 billion USD, increased by 52.47 percent as compared with 2005. The export volume of 2007 was 35.6 billion dollars, increased by 114.01 percent as compared with 2006.
Development trend
The latest 2–3 years' development trend (2005–2008) has showed that the mainland market is developing in two directions. One of which is extremely low price mobile phones in emerging rural markets, while the other is in multimedia mobile phones with diverse functions such as mobile television, MP3 and GPS.
From 2011 smartphones, especially running the open source Android operating system, have become increasingly popular in the Chinese mobile market. This is due to the Android system providing the possibility for factories to produce smartphones with increasing ease, which in turn has allowed prices to decrease even to below RMB 1,000 Yuan. These cheap smartphones are also exported to every corner of the world thanks to internet sellers such as alibaba.com, aliexpresss.com and ctutu.com.[3]
Pricing
China's mobile phone market is dominated by products with price under 2000 RMB yuan (about 300 dollars). Products at this price have accounted for 60 percent of the whole mobile phone market, competing with China's local brands, informal mobile phones and international brands.
Features of China's mobile phones
- Most mobile phone services are prepaid. Pre-payment can be made by buying a card (50 or 100 yuan) and calling the mobile phone provider, or through commercial banks. When out of town, pre-payment is not easy, usually solved by calling a friend in your own town to add money.
- There is a clear distinction of mobile phone and mobile phone service in China, unlike some countries such as Japan where the mobile phone is sold by and locked to the mobile phone service companies. This tradition was broken by the 2009 introduction of Apple Inc.'s iPhone.
- Stealing of mobile phones and therefore SIM cards is quite common. When a mobile phone is stolen, the owner must visit the mobile phone service provider to cancel the previous card, in order to retain the previous phone number and pre-payment.
- A short message (SMS) or duanxin (Chinese: 短信), usually 0.10 yuan per message (up to 160 alphabetic or 70 Chinese characters), can be sent to any other cell phones across different cell phone service companies, GSM, CDMA or PHS.
- Multimedia Messaging Service (MMS) or caixin (Chinese: 彩信) is also available, usually 0.3 yuan per message (up to 50 kilobytes).
- A custom ringback tone ("calling", Chinese: 彩铃), usually 5 yuan per month, is an additional service. It is when the called party can send a ringback tone to the calling party music (or any kind of sound) that the called party likes. Usually detested by foreigners, but loved by the Chinese young.
See also
References
- ↑ Baidu Encyclopedia: China Mobile Communications Corporation's History (in Chinese)
- 1 2 3 于小明. "China's mobile users hit 1.3 billion in 2015 - Business - Chinadaily.com.cn". www.chinadaily.com.cn. Retrieved 2016-08-31.
- ↑ China Android Mobile Phone
