Brussels ISIL terror cell

Brussels ISIL terror cell
Active 2014 - 2016
Countries  Belgium
 France
 Syria
 Iraq
 Sweden
 Morocco
Allegiance  Islamic State of Iraq and the Levant
Type Terror cell
Size 20+
Garrison/HQ Brussels, Belgium / Ar-Raqqah, Syria
Engagements November 2015 Paris attacks
2015 Saint-Denis raid
2016 Brussels police raids
2016 Brussels bombings
Disbanded March 2016

The Brussels ISIL terror cell are a group of people who have been connected to large-scale attacks in Paris and Brussels, as well as other smaller scale terrorist attacks against European targets. The terror cell is connected to the Islamic State of Iraq and the Levant (ISIL), a jihadist terrorist organisation primarily based in Syria and Iraq and led by Abu Bakr al-Baghdadi.

Background

Before those attacks, several other Islamist terrorist attacks had originated from Belgium, and a number of counter-terrorist operations had been carried out there. In 2014, a gunman with ties to the Syrian Civil War attacked the Jewish Museum of Belgium in Brussels, killing four people.[1][2] In January 2015, anti-terrorist operations against a group thought to be planning a second Charlie Hebdo shooting had included raids in Brussels and Zaventem. The operation resulted in the deaths of two suspects.[3][4] In August 2015, a suspected terrorist shot and stabbed passengers aboard a high-speed train on its way from Amsterdam to Paris via Brussels, before he was subdued by passengers.[5]

Belgium has more nationals fighting for jihadist forces as a proportion of its population than any other Western European country, with an estimated 440 Belgians having left for Syria and Iraq as of January 2015.[6][7] Due to Belgium's weak security apparatus and competing intelligence agencies, it has become a hub of jihadist-recruiting and terrorist activity.[8]

Main suspects

Abdelhamid Abaaoud

Main article: Abdelhamid Abaaoud

Abdelhamid Abaaoud (8 April 1987 – 18 November 2015) was a Belgian-Moroccan[9][10][11] Islamic terrorist, who had spent time in Syria, known as a place where radical groups operate and train.[12] He was suspected of having organized multiple terror attacks in Belgium and France, and is known to have masterminded in the November 2015 Paris attacks.[13] Prior to the Paris attacks, there was an international arrest warrant issued for Abaaoud for his activities in recruiting individuals to Islamic terrorism in Syria.[14]

Salah Abdeslam

Main article: Salah Abdeslam

Salah Abdeslam (born 15 September 1989) is a Belgian-born French national of Moroccan descent.[15][16] He is accused of involvement in the attacks in Paris on 13 November 2015, through providing logistical support for the assailants and driving them to their target locations.[15] He is thought to have been in charge of logistics for the group.[17]

Paris assailants

Nationalities of the terrorists[18]
Country Number from country
 France
5
 Belgium
2
 Iraq
2

Three teams, comprising three people each, executed the attacks.[18][19] They wore explosive vests and belts with identical detonators.[20] Seven perpetrators died at the scenes of their attacks.[21][22] The other two were killed five days later during the Saint-Denis police raid.

Three suicide bombers blew themselves up near the Stade de France:

Two men alongside Abdelhamid Abaaoud[23][35] are thought to have carried out the shootings at bars and restaurants in Paris:

Three other men attacked the Bataclan theatre using AKMs and took hostages.[36] Two blew themselves up when police raided the theatre. The third was hit by police gunfire and his vest blew up when he fell.[36] According to French police, they were:

Brussels suspects

Ibrahim El Bakraoui

Main article: Ibrahim El Bakraoui

Ibrahim El Bakraoui (9 October 1986 – 22 March 2016) was a Belgian national of Moroccan descent, confirmed to be one of the suicide bombers who attacked the Brussels Airport during the Brussels bombings in 2016.[45][46]

Khalid El Bakraoui

Main article: Khalid El Bakraoui

Khalid El Bakraoui (12 January 1989 – 22 March 2016) was a Belgian national of Moroccan descent and the brother of Khalid El Bakraoui, confirmed to be the suicide bomber who attacked Maalbeek metro station during the Brussels bombings.[45][46]

Najim Laachraoui

Main article: Najim Laachraoui

Najim Laachraoui (18 May 1991 – 22 March 2016) was a Belgian-Moroccan national, confirmed to be the second suicide bomber at the Brussels Airport in the Brussels bombings. He is also suspected of making the bombs used in the November 2015 Paris attacks.[47] In addition, Laachraoui was a suspected accomplice of Salah Abdeslam, the surviving member of the group directly linked to the Paris attacks.[48]

Mohamed Abrini

Main article: Mohamed Abrini

Mohamed Abrini (born 27 December 1984)[49] is a Belgian national of Moroccan descent who is alleged to have been involved in the planning and execution of the Paris attacks and the Brussels bombings.[50] He was filmed together with Laachraoui and Ibrahim el-Bakraoui at the Brussels Airport before the bombings occurred.[51]

Osama Krayem

Main article: Osama Krayem

Osama Krayem (born 1992) is a Swedish national of Syrian origin suspected of involvement in the Brussels bombings.[52][53] Krayem was the second bomber at the Maalbeek metro station, having been filmed with Khalid El Bakraoui at another metro station minutes before the attack.[54][55]

Other suspects

November 2015 Paris attacks

On 14 November, a car was stopped at the Belgium–France border and its three occupants were questioned then released. Three more people were arrested in Molenbeek.[56] Links to the attacks were investigated in an arrest in Germany on 5 November, when police stopped a 51-year-old man from Montenegro and found automatic handguns, hand grenades and explosives in his car.[57]

On 15–16 November, French tactical police units raided over 200 locations in France, arresting 23 people and seizing weapons.[58] Another 104 people were placed under house arrest.[59][60]

On 17 November, police followed a cousin of the attacker and ringleader, Abdelhamid Abaaoud, to a block of flats in Saint-Denis where they saw Abaaoud with her.[61][62] Following a police raid on a flat in Saint-Denis during the next day, in which Abaaoud and restaurant shooter Chakib Akrouh died, which lasted several hours,[39][63][64][65] eight suspected militants were arrested at or near the flat.[66]

On 24 November, five people in Belgium had been charged on suspicion of their involvement in the Paris attacks, and Belgian prosecutors issued an arrest warrant for Mohamed Abrini, a 30-year-old suspected accomplice of Salah Abdeslam.[67] Abrini was subsequently reported to have been arrested on 8 April 2016. He is also suspected of having been involved in the bombings in Brussels four months later.[68]

On 9 December, two ISIL militants accompanying two of the Paris attackers into Europe, all masquerading as migrants, were arrested in Greece weeks before the attacks.[69][70] In July 2016, a third militant involved was also arrested despite regular activity on Facebook from Belgium.[70][71] The three militants were part of a unit intended to carry out further attacks on 13 November, but their plans were apparently disrupted by the first two arrests.[70]

An accomplice made phone calls to Birmingham, England, just prior to the day of the attacks.[72]

Fabien Clain

Main article: Fabien Clain

Fabien Clain (born ca. 1977/1978) was identified as the person who released an audio recording the day before the Paris attacks in which he personally claimed responsibility for the attacks. Clain is known to intelligence services as a veteran jihadist belonging to ISIL, and of French nationality.[73] A French national, he served 5 years from 2009 to 2014 in a French prison for recruiting fighters to go to Syria to join militant groups. Clain has been linked to other executed and planned terror attacks and is seen as a leader of known terrorists.[74]

Oussama Atar

In November 2016, a Belgian-Moroccan jihadist operating in Syria known as Oussama Atar was believed to have organised the deadly terrorist attacks on Paris and Brussels. Intelligence teams believed to have identified him after searching for a man known as Abou Ahmad who's name emerged after the arrest of two men in Austria a few weeks after the attacks in Paris. The pair, an Algerian named Adel Haddadi and a Pakistani, were detained on the Greek island of Leros weeks earlier and were unable to travel to Paris with the two Iraqis who blew themselves up at the Stade de France in Paris.He has links to bombers who targeted Paris and Brussels and was the only man in intelligence teams investigation who was linked to both atrocities. He first traveled to Syria from Belgium in 2002 and then went back in 2004 before travelling to Iraq, where he was arrested for crossing the border illegally and jailed for 10 years in 2005. He was imprisoned in the famous Abu Ghraib prison, run by US forces. He returned to Belgium in 2012 but 7 years in jail had left him radicalized. Atar's younger brother Yassine was arrested around the time of the Brussels attacks and their mothers home has been raided several times.[75]

Arrests during 2016 Brussels raids

On 15 March, police carried out a raid on a house in Forest, a suburb of Brussels, in relation to the November 2015 Paris attacks.[76][77] Four police officers were wounded in the raid,[78] while one suspect was killed.[79] The deceased suspect was identified as Mohamed Belkaid, a 35-year-old Algerian citizen.[80]

Three days later on 18 March, a second raid was conducted in the Molenbeek area of Brussels.[81] Five people, including Salah Abdeslam, three of Abdeslam's relatives, and Monir Ahmed Alaaj, were arrested. Abdeslam and Alaaj were both injured during the raid.[82][83][84][85][86]

2016 Brussels bombings

On 24 March, six people were arrested in police raids in Brussels, Jette and Schaerbeek, all in connection with the investigation into the bombings.[87]

As of 26 March, twelve men were arrested in connection with the bombings.[88] The same day, Belgian prosecutors charged Fayçal Cheffou, who had been detained two days prior in front of the Belgian prosecutor's office, with "terrorist murders, attempted murder relating to terror plots, and links to terror groups"; Cheffou was suspected of being the man on the right in the CCTV footage of the airport.[89] However, on 28 March, Cheffou was released due to a lack of evidence.[90]

On 27 March, an Algerian who was part of a counterfeiting ring that provided forged documents to the perpetrators in both the Paris and Brussels attacks was arrested in Italy. The Belgian government had issued a European Arrest Warrant for the man, who the ANSA news agency identified as 40-year-old Djamal Eddine Ouali on 6 January. Ouali's name emerged during searches carried out in October in the Saint-Gilles borough of Brussels, which yielded around 1,000 digital images that were being used to make false identity documents.[91]

Two men were detained on 25 March but later exonerated for suspected connections to the cell. The first, a 28-year-old failed, Moroccan, male asylum-seeker, was detained following a routine police check in Giessen, Germany, for being in contact with the Brussels attackers' immediate network.[92] He had an acquaintance with a similar name to Khalid El Bakraoui, and a text message with the word "fin" was found on his cell phone; the "fin" was initially interpreted as "the end" in French, though it turned out to be the word "where" transcribed from Arabic language. The second man, identified only as Samir E., was arrested in Düsseldorf, Germany, in connection with the bombings.[93]

Planned terrorist activities

The cell initially planned to launch a second assault on Paris following the November 2015 attacks there. However, they chose to rush an attack on Brussels after being surprised by the progress of the French investigation.[94] In September 2016, CNN obtained 90,000 pages of documents on the Paris attacks investigation, which said that ISIL leaders reportedly planned other attacks in France and the Netherlands on 13 November 2015.[71]

See also

References

  1. ↑ Casert, Raf (25 May 2014). "Belgium ramps up security for lone suspect in Jewish Museum attack". The Globe and the Mail. Retrieved 26 May 2014.
  2. ↑ "Brussels Jewish Museum killings: Man held in Marseille". BBC News. 1 June 2014. Retrieved 1 June 2014.
  3. ↑ "Belgian anti-terror raid in Verviers 'leaves two dead'". BBC News. 15 January 2015.
  4. ↑ "Belgian counterterrorism raid in Verviers leaves 2 dead, report says". CBC News. 15 January 2015.
  5. ↑ "France train shooting: Three hurt and man arrested". BBC News. 22 August 2015. Retrieved 21 August 2015.
  6. ↑ Nina Elbagir; Bharati Nailk; Laila Ben Allal (22 March 2016). "Belgium: Europe's front line in the war on terror". CNN. Retrieved 22 March 2016.
  7. ↑ Neumann, Peter. "Foreign fighter total in Syria/Iraq now exceeds 20,000; surpasses Afghanistan conflict in the 1980s". ICSR. Retrieved 23 March 2016.
  8. ↑ "How Belgium Became a Jihadist-Recruiting Hub". The Wall Street Journal. Retrieved 22 March 2016.
  9. ↑ "Who is Abdelhamid Abaaoud, the so-called brain behind the events of Paris?" (in French). RT. 19 November 2015. Retrieved 21 November 2015. Le terroriste présumé possède la double nationalité belge et marocaine - the terrorist is presumed possibly to have dual-nationality of Belgian and Moroccon)
  10. ↑ "Aide du Maroc pour trouver le Belgo-Marocain Abaaoud, le roi reçu par Hollande" [Morocco's help finding the Belgo-Moroccan Abaaoud, King received by Holland]. Le Point International. 19 November 2015. Retrieved 23 November 2015.
  11. ↑ "Saint-Denis: le renseignement marocain à l'origine de la localisation des terroristes" [Saint-Denis: Moroccan intelligence behind the location of terrorists]. RTBF. 18 November 2015. Retrieved 23 November 2015.
  12. ↑ McDonnell, Patrick J; Zavis, Alexandra (19 November 2015). "Suspected Paris attack mastermind's Europe ties facilitated travel from Syria". Los Angeles Times, in the Sacramento Bee. Los Angeles, USA. Retrieved 20 November 2015.
  13. ↑ "Suspected Mastermind of Paris Attacks Named". Sky News. 16 November 2015. Retrieved 16 November 2015.
  14. ↑ "Paris attacks: Belgium has 'new information' on Salah Abdeslam". Financial Times. 20 November 2015. Retrieved 20 November 2015.
  15. 1 2 "Salah Abdeslam, Suspect in Paris Attacks, Is Captured in Brussels". The New York Times. 18 March 2016.
  16. ↑ "Paris attacks: Salah Abdeslam's luck runs out". BBC News. 19 March 2016.
  17. ↑ "Paris attacks suspect Abdeslam 'caught on CCTV' in French petrol station". BBC News. 11 January 2016. Retrieved 17 March 2016.
  18. 1 2 Alicia Parlapiano, Wilson Andrews, Haeyoun Park and Larry Buchanan (17 November 2015). "Finding the Links Among the Paris Attackers". The New York Times. Retrieved 17 November 2015.
  19. ↑ Nossiter, Adam; Breeden, Aurelien; Bennhold, Katrin (14 November 2015). "Three Teams of Coordinated Attackers Carried Out Assault on Paris, Officials Say; Hollande Blames ISIS". The New York Times. Retrieved 15 November 2015.
  20. ↑ Mozingo, Joe; Serrano, Richard A.; Chu, Henry; Finnegan, Michael (14 November 2015). "As Paris reels from night of terror, investigators seek origin of attackers". Los Angeles Times. Retrieved 15 November 2015.
  21. ↑ Claire Phipps (15 November 2015). "Paris attacker named as Ismaïl Omar Mostefai as investigation continues – live updates". The Guardian. Retrieved 15 November 2015.
  22. ↑ Love, Brian; Labbe, Chine (17 November 2015). Callus, Andrew; King, Larry, eds. "Factbox – Dead killers, hunted suspects after Paris attacks". Reuters. Archived from the original on 17 November 2015. Retrieved 17 November 2015. list of some of the seven attackers who died [...] Ismail Omar Mostefai, 29 (born Nov. 21, 1985), Frenchman of Algerian descent involved in Bataclan concert hall attack [...] Samy Amimour, 28 (born Oct. 15, 1987), involved in Bataclan attack. French, from Drancy, Saint Denis, north of Paris [...] Brahim Abdeslam, 31 (born July 30, 1984),[...] French, resident of Belgium. Blew himself up at Comptoir Voltaire café in Paris. [...] Bilal Hadfi, 20 (born Jan 22, 1995). Involved in Stade de France attack. [...] Suicide bomber involved in Stade de France attack. Passport found beside dead body of kamikaze bomber carries name of Ahmad Al Mohammad, 25, (born Sept. 10 1990), from Idlib, northwest Syria.
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  30. ↑ "Prosecutor: 3 teams of extremists carried out attacks". CBS News. 14 November 2015. Retrieved 15 November 2015. However, a U.S. intelligence official told CBS News the Syrian passport might be fake. The official said the passport did not contain the correct numbers for a legitimate Syrian passport and the picture did not match the name.
  31. ↑ "Police Conduct Raid Near Paris in Search for Planner of Attacks; 5 Arrested". The New York Times. 18 November 2015. Retrieved 18 November 2015. The passport was probably stolen, and the identity on the passport page—Ahmad al-Mohammad, 25, of Idlib, Syria—may be that of a dead Syrian soldier, the French official said.
  32. ↑ "Doubts about Syrian passport dropped by Paris attacker". DW. 17 November 2015. Retrieved 18 November 2015. Police in France have been trying to discern whether a passport used by one of the Paris suicide bombers was stolen from a dead Syrian soldier. Germany's interior minister has suggested it was a ploy to set up refugees.
  33. 1 2 "Paris attacks: Islamic State's Dabiq magazine identifies two Stade de France suicide bombers as Iraqis". International Business Times. Retrieved 13 April 2016.
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  35. ↑ "Paris attacks' Adelhamid Abaaoud's village 'rejoiced' at hearing of his death". Mail Online. 20 November 2015.
  36. 1 2 3 Randolph, Eric & Simon Valmary (13 November 2015). "More than 120 people killed in Paris 'terror' attacks". Yahoo! News. Agence France-Presse. Archived from the original on 14 November 2015. Retrieved 14 November 2015.
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  38. ↑ "Paris Nurse unwittingly tried to save bomber Brahim Abdeslam". 20 November 2015.
  39. 1 2 "French identify another Paris attacker via DNA from body parts". reuters.com. Reuters. Retrieved 15 January 2016.
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  45. 1 2 "Brussels suicide bombers fit familiar profile; links to Paris terrorist attacks seen". Los Angeles Times. 23 March 2016.
  46. 1 2 "Brothers ID'd as suicide bombers in Belgium, 1 suspect 'on the run'". CNN. 24 March 2016.
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  48. ↑ Lilia Blaise (21 March 2016). "Belgian Police Name Man Suspected of Being Salah Abdeslam's Accomplice". The New York Times. Retrieved 21 March 2016.
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  53. ↑ Paris Match': Qui est Osama Krayem, complice présumé des kamikazes de Bruxelles? (French)
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  66. ↑ "Hasna Aitboulahcen est morte dans l'assaut, mais elle n'était pas kamikaze" [Hasna Aitboulahcen died in the assault, but she was not a kamikaze]. lexpress.fr (in French). 20 November 2015. Retrieved 25 November 2015.
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  68. ↑ "Paris attacks: 'Key suspect Abrini' arrested". BBC News. Retrieved 2016-04-08.
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  70. 1 2 3 Samuel, Henry (5 September 2016). "Mystery member of Paris attacks cell only captured in July despite posting on Facebook from Belgium". The Daily Telegraph. Retrieved 5 September 2016.
  71. 1 2 Dickson, Caitlin (5 September 2016). "Report: ISIS had bigger plans for Paris attacks". Yahoo! News. Retrieved 5 September 2016.
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  73. ↑ P. Cruickshank - published by CNN 4 December 2015 [Retrieved 2015-12-04]
  74. ↑ "Fabien Clain, la voix de l'État islamique" [Fabien Clain, the voice of the Islamic State]. MSN (in French).
  75. ↑ http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-europe-37906961
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