Foreign relations of Croatia

Croatia
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Foreign relations

The Republic of Croatia is a sovereign state at the crossroads of Central Europe, Southeast Europe, and the Mediterranean that declared its independence from SFR Yugoslavia on June 25, 1991. Croatia is a member of the European Union (EU), United Nations (UN), the Council of Europe, NATO, the World Trade Organization (WTO), Union for the Mediterranean as well as a number of many other international organizations. As of 2015, Croatia has established diplomatic relations with 174 countries.

The main objectives of Croatian foreign policy during the 1990s were gaining international recognition and joining the United Nations. After these objectives have been achieved by year 2000, two main goals became NATO and EU membership. Croatia fulfilled both of these goals, first in 2009, second in 2013. Current Croatian goals in foreign policy are: positioning within the EU institutions and in the region, cooperation with NATO partners and strengthening multilateral and bilateral cooperation.[1]

History

Foreign relation of Croatia
  diplomatic relations established
  diplomatic recognition only

Croatian foreign policy has focused on greater Euro-Atlantic integration, mainly entering the European Union and NATO. In order to gain access to European and trans-Atlantic institutions, it has had to undo many negative effects of the breakup of Yugoslavia and the war that ensued, and improve and maintain good relations with its neighbors.

Key issues over the last decade have been the implementation of the Dayton Accords and the Erdut Agreement, nondiscriminatory facilitation of the return of refugees and displaced persons from the 1991-95 war including property restitution for ethnic Serbs, resolution of border disputes with Slovenia, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Serbia and Montenegro, and general democratization.

Croatia has had an uneven record in these areas between 1996 and 1999 during the right-wing HDZ government, inhibiting its relations with the European Union and the United States. Improvement in these areas severely hindered the advance of Croatia's prospects for further Euro-Atlantic integration. Progress in the areas of Dayton, Erdut, and refugee returns were evident in 1998, but progress was slow and required intensive international engagement.

Croatia's unsatisfactory performance implementing broader democratic reforms in 1998 raised questions about the ruling party's commitment to basic democratic principles and norms. Areas of concern included restrictions on freedom of speech, one-party control of public TV and radio, repression of independent media, unfair electoral regulations, a judiciary that is not fully independent, and lack of human and civil rights protection.

A centre-left coalition government was elected in early 2000. The SDP-led government slowly relinquished control over public media companies and did not interfere with freedom of speech and independent media, though it did not complete the process of making Croatian Radiotelevision independent. Judiciary reforms remained a pending issue as well.

Major Croatian advances in foreign relations during this period have included:

The EU application was the last major international undertaking of the Račan government, which submitted a 7,000-page report in reply to the questionnaire by the European Commission.

Foreign relations were severely affected by the government's hesitance and stalling of the extradition of Croatian general Janko Bobetko to the International Criminal Tribunal for the Former Yugoslavia (ICTY), and inability to take general Ante Gotovina into custody for questioning by the Court.

Refugee returns accelerated since 1999, reached a peak in 2000, but then slightly decreased in 2001 and 2002. The OSCE mission in Croatia has continued to monitor the return of refugees and is still recording civil rights violations. Croatian Serbs continue to have problems with restitution of property and acceptance to the reconstruction assistance programmes. Combined with lacking economic opportunities in the rural areas of former Krajina, the return process is highly troubled.

Accession to the European Union

At the time of Croatia's application to the European Union, three EU members states were yet to ratify the Stabilization and Association Agreement: United Kingdom, the Netherlands and Italy. The new Sanader government elected in 2003 elections repeated the assurances that Croatia will fulfill the missing political obligations, and expedited the extradition of several ICTY inductees. The European Commission replied to the answers of the questionnaire sent to Croatia on April 20, 2004 with a positive opinion. The country was finally accepted as EU candidate in July 2004. Italy and United Kingdom ratified the Stabilization and Association Agreement shortly thereafter, while the ten EU member states that were admitted to membership that year ratified it all together at a 2004 European Summit. In December 2004, the EU leaders announced that accession negotiations with Croatia would start on March 17, 2005 provided that Croatian government cooperates fully with the ICTY. The main issue, the flight of general Gotovina, however, remained unsolved and despite the agreement on an accession negotiation framework, the negotiations did not begin in March 2005. On October 4, 2005 Croatia finally received green light for accession negotiations after the Chief Prosecutor of the ICTY Carla Del Ponte officially stated that Croatia is fully cooperating with the Tribunal. This has been the main condition demanded by EU foreign ministers for accession negotiations. The ICTY called upon other southern European states to follow Croatia's good example. Thanks to the consistent position of Austria during the meeting of EU foreign ministers, a long period of instability and the questioning of the determination of the Croatian government to extradite alleged war criminals has ended successfully. Croatian Prime minister Ivo Sanader declared that full cooperation with the Hague Tribunal will continue. The accession process was also complicated by the insistence of Slovenia, an EU member state, that the two countries' border issues be dealt with prior to Croatia's accession to the EU.

Croatia finished accession negotiations on 30 June 2011,[2] and on 9 December 2011, signed the Treaty of Accession. A referendum on EU accession was held in Croatia on 22 January 2012, with 66% of participants voting in favour of joining the Union.[3][4][5][6] The ratification process was concluded on 21 June 2013, and entry into force and accession of Croatia to the EU took place on 1 July 2013.[7]

Current events

The main objective of the Croatian foreign policy is positioning within the EU institutions and in the region, cooperation with NATO partners and strengthening multilateral and bilateral cooperation.

Government officials in charge of foreign policy include the Minister of Foreign Affairs and European Integration, currently Miro Kovac, and the President of the Republic, currently Kolinda Grabar-Kitarović.

Croatia has established diplomatic relations with 174 countries.[8] As of 2009, Croatia maintains a network of 51 embassies, 24 consulates and eight permanent diplomatic missions abroad. Furthermore, there are 52 foreign embassies and 69 consulates in the Republic of Croatia in addition to offices of international organizations such as the European Bank for Reconstruction and Development, International Organization for Migration, Organization for Security and Co-operation in Europe (OSCE), World Bank, World Health Organization, International Criminal Tribunal for the former Yugoslavia (ICTY), United Nations Development Programme, United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees and UNICEF.[9]

International organizations

Republic of Croatia participates in the following international organizations: CE, CEI, EAPC, EBRD, ECE, EU, FAO, G11, IADB, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICC, ICRM, IDA, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, IHO, ILO, IMF, IMO, Inmarsat, Intelsat, Interpol, IOC, IOM, ISO, ITU, ITUC, NAM (observer), NATO, OAS (observer), OPCW, OSCE, PCA, PFP, SECI, UN, UNAMSIL, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNIDO, UNMEE, UNMOGIP, UPU, WCO, WEU (associate), WHO, WIPO, WMO, WToO, WTO

There exists a Permanent Representative of Croatia to the United Nations.

Foreign support

Croatia receives support from donor programs of:

Between 1991 and 2003, the EBRD had directly invested a total of 1,212,039,000 EUR into projects in Croatia.

In 1998, U.S. support to Croatia came through the Southeastern European Economic Development Program (SEED), whose funding in Croatia totaled $23.25 million. More than half of that money was used to fund programs encouraging sustainable returns of refugees and displaced persons. About one-third of the assistance was used for democratization efforts, and another 5% funded financial sector restructuring.

In 2003 USAID considered Croatia to be on a "glide path for graduation" along with Bulgaria. Its 2002/2003/2004 funding includes around $10 million for economic development, up to $5 million for the development of democratic institutions, about $5 million for the return of population affected by war and between 2 and 3 million dollars for the "mitigation of adverse social conditions and trends". A rising amount of funding is given to cross-cutting programs in anti-corruption, slightly under one million dollars.

The European Commission has proposed to assist Croatia's efforts to join the European Union with 245 million euros from PHARE, ISPA and SAPARD aid programs over the course of 2005 and 2006.

International disputes

Relations with neighbouring states have normalized somewhat since the breakup of Yugoslavia. Work has begun — bilaterally and within the Stability Pact for South Eastern Europe since 1999 — on political and economic cooperation in the region.

Bosnia and Herzegovina

Consulate-General in Banja Luka

Discussions continue between Croatia and Bosnia and Herzegovina on various sections of the border, the longest border with another country for each of these countries.

Sections of the Una river and villages at the base of Mount Plješevica are in Croatia, while some are in Bosnia, which causes an excessive number of border crossings on a single route and impedes any serious development in the region. The Zagreb-Bihać-Split railway line is still closed for major traffic due to this issue.

The border on the Una river between Hrvatska Kostajnica on the northern, Croatian side of the river, and Bosanska Kostajnica on the southern, Bosnian side, is also being discussed. A river island between the two towns is under Croatian control, but is also claimed by Bosnia. A shared border crossing point has been built and has been functioning since 2003, and is used without hindrance by either party.

The Herzegovinian municipality of Neum in the south makes the southernmost part of Croatia an exclave and the two countries are negotiating special transit rules through Neum to compensate for that. Recently Croatia has opted to build a bridge to the Pelješac peninsula to connect the Croatian mainland with the exclave but Bosnia and Herzegovina has protested that the bridge will close its access to international waters (although Croatian territory and territorial waters surround Bosnian-Herzegovinian territory and waters completely) and has suggested that the bridge must be higher than 55 meters for free passage of all types of ships. Negotiations are still being held.

Italy

The relations between Croatia and Italy have been largely cordial and friendly, although occasional incidents do arise on issues such as the Istrian exodus or the Ecological and Fisheries Protection Zone.

Montenegro

Croatia and Montenegro have a largely latent border dispute over the Prevlaka peninsula.

Serbia

The Danube border between Croatia and Serbia is in dispute, particularly in Baranja, the Island of Vukovar and the Island of Šarengrad.

Slovenia

Croatia and Slovenia have several land and maritime boundary disputes, mainly in the Gulf of Piran, regarding Slovenian access to international waters, a small number of pockets of land on the right-hand side of the river Dragonja, and around the Sveta Gera peak.

Slovenia was disputing Croatia's claim to establish the Ecological and Fisheries Protection Zone, an economic section of the Adriatic.

Other issues that have yet to be fully resolved include:

Diplomatic relations

Europe

Country Formal Relations Began Notes
 Albania1992-08-25 See Albanian–Croatian relations
 Andorra1995-04-28
  • Croatia is represented in Andorra through its embassy in Madrid (Spain).
  • Andorra is represented in Croatia through its embassy in Paris (France).
 Armenia1994-07-08See Armenia–Croatia relations
 Austria1992-01-15See Austria–Croatia relations
 Azerbaijan1995-01-26See Azerbaijan–Croatia relations
 Belarus1992-09-25See Belarus–Croatia relations
 Belgium1992-03-10
 Bosnia and Herzegovina1992-07-21See Bosnia and Herzegovina – Croatia relations
 Bulgaria1992-08-13See Bulgaria–Croatia relations
 Cyprus1993-02-04
 Czech Republic1993-01-01
 Denmark1992-02-01 See Croatia–Denmark relations
 Estonia1992-03-02
  • Croatia is represented in Estonia through its embassy in Helsinki, Finland.
  • Estonia is represented in Croatia through its embassy in Budapest, Hungary.
  • Both countries are full members of the European Union and NATO.
 Finland1992-02-19
 France1992-04-24
 Georgia1993-02-01
  • Croatia is represented in Georgia through its embassy in Athens (Greece) and consulate in Tbilisi.[20]
  • Georgia is represented in Croatia through its embassy in Budapest (Hungary).[21]
 Germany1992-01-15

See Croatian–German relations

 Greece1992-07-20

See Croatia–Greece relations

 Holy See1992-02-08 See Croatia–Holy See relations
  • Croatia has a resident embassy to the Holy See in Rome.[24]
  • Holy See has a nunciature with a nuncio of ambassadorial rank with additional privileges in Zagreb.
  • According to the 2011 census 86.28% of Croats are Roman Catholic.
 Hungary1992-01-18 See Croatia–Hungary relations
 Iceland1992-06-30
  • Croatia is represented in Iceland thought it embassy in Copenhagen (Denmark) and consulate in Reykjavik.[27]
  • Iceland is represented in Croatia thought it embassy in Berlin (Germany) and consulate in Zagreb.[27]
  • Iceland is the first fully sovereign country that recognized Croatia as an independent state. (December 19, 1991)
  • Both countries are full members of NATO.
 Ireland See Croatia-Ireland relations
 Italy1992-01-17 See Croatia-Italy relations
 Kosovo2008-06-30 See Croatia–Kosovo relations
 Latvia1992-02-14
 Liechtenstein1992-02-04
  • Croatia is represented in Liechtenstein through its embassy in Bern (Switzerland).
  • Liechtenstein is not represented in Croatia.
 Lithuania1992-03-18
 Luxembourg1992-04-29
  • Croatia is represented in Luxembourg through it embassy in Brussels (Belgium).[35]
  • Luxembourg is represented in Croatia through it embassy in Berlin (Germany).[36]
  • Both countries are full members of the European Union and NATO.
 Macedonia1992-03-30
  • Croatia has an embassy in Skopje, and the general consulate in Bitola.
  • Macedonia has an embassy in Zagreb and 2 consulates in Zadar and Rijeka.
  • From 1918 to 1991 Croatia and Macedonia were part of Yugoslavia.
  • Croatia is full member of the European Union and NATO while Macedonia is among candidates for membership.
 Malta1992-06-30
 Sovereign Military Order of Malta1992-12-22
  • Sovereign Military Order of Malta has an embassy in Zagreb.
 Moldova1992-07-28
 Montenegro2006-07-07

See Croatia–Montenegro relations

 Netherlands 1992-04-23
 Norway1992-02-20

See Croatia–Norway relations

 Poland1992-04-11
 Portugal1992-02-03
 Romania1992-08-29
 Russia1992-05-25 See Croatia–Russia relations
 San Marino1993-02-11
  • Croatia is represented in San Marino through its embassy in Rome (Italy).[49]
  • San Marino is represented in Croatia through its General embassy in San Marino.[50]
  • According to legend San Marino was founded in year 301 by sculptor Saint Marinus from the Croatian island of Rab.
 Slovakia1993-01-01
 Slovenia1992-02-06See Croatia–Slovenia relations
  • Croatia has an embassy in Ljubljana and 2 honorary consulates in Maribor and Koper.
  • Slovenia has an embassy in Zagreb and an honorary consulate in Split.
  • Both countries shares 670 km of common border.
  • From 1918 to 1991 Croatia and Slovenia were part of Yugoslavia.
  • Both countries are full members of the European Union and NATO.
 Serbia1996-09-09
then as FR Yugoslavia and including Montenegro		See Croatia–Serbia relations
  • Croatia has an embassy in Belgrade and a general consulate in Subotica.
  • Serbia has an embassy in Zagreb and 2 general consulates in Rijeka and Vukovar.
  • Both countries shares 241 km of common border.
  • From 1918 to 1991 Croatia and Serbia were part of Yugoslavia.
  • Croatia is full member of the European Union while Serbia is candidate for membership.
 Spain1992-03-09See Croatia–Spain relations
 Sweden1992-01-29
  Switzerland1992-01-30
 Turkey1992-08-26
 Ukraine1992-02-18
 United Kingdom1992-06-24

See Croatia–United Kingdom relations

Africa

Country Formal Relations Began Notes
 Algeria1992-10-15
 Angola1994-11-16
  • Croatia is represented in Angola through its embassy in Lisbon (Portugal).[61]
  • Angola is represented in Croatia through its embassy in Vienna (Austria).[62]
 Benin2001-03-26
  • Croatia is represented in Benin through its embassy in Paris (France).[63]
  • Benin is represented in Croatia through its embassy in Geneva (Switzerland).[64]
 Botswana2005-09-09

Diplomatic relations between Botswana and Croatia were established on September 9, 2005.[65][66]

 Burkina Faso1995-05-18
  • Croatia is represented in Burkina Faso through its embassy in Paris (France).
  • Burkina Faso is represented in Croatia through its embassy in Vienna (Austria) and consulate in Zagreb.[67]
 Cape Verde1994-08-13
  • Croatia is represented in Cape Verde through its embassy in Lisbon (Portugal).
  • Cape Verde is not represented in Croatia.
 Chad1999-09-17
  • Croatia is represented in Chad through its embassy in Paris (France).
  • Chad is not represented in Croatia.
 Comoros1999-06-29
  • Croatia is represented in Comoros through its embassy in Pretoria (South Africa).
  • Comoros is not represented in Croatia.
 Côte d'Ivoire1995-10-17
 Egypt1992-10-01 See Croatia–Egypt relations
 Eritrea1999-06-04
  • Croatia is represented in Eritrea through its embassy in Cairo (Egypt).
  • Eritrea is not represented in Croatia.
 Ethiopia1995-10-17
  • Croatia is represented in Ethiopia through its embassy in Cairo (Egypt).
  • Ethiopia is not represented in Croatia.
 Gabon2001-10-22
  • Croatia is represented in Gabon through its embassy in Rabat (Morocco).
  • Gabon is not represented in Croatia.
 Gambia1998-10-16
  • Croatia is represented in Gambia through its embassy in London (UK).
  • Gambia is represented in Croatia through its embassy in London (UK).
 Ghana1993-02-17
  • Croatia is represented in Ghana through its embassy in London (UK).
  • Ghana is represented in Croatia through its embassy in Rome (Italy).
 Guinea-Bissau1995-10-19
  • Croatia is represented in Guinea-Bissau through its embassy in Lisbon (Portugal).
  • Guinea-Bissau is not represented in Croatia.
 Kenya1992-05-22
  • Croatia is represented in Kenya through its embassy in Pretoria (South Africa).[68]
  • Kenya has a consulate in Zagreb, accredited to its embassy in Rome (Italy).[69]
 Lesotho1998-11-06
  • Croatia is represented in Lesotho through its embassy in Pretoria (South Africa).
  • Lesotho is represented in Croatia through its embassy in Rome (Italy).
 Libya2000-03-30 See Croatia–Libya relations
 Mali1995-09-20
  • Croatia is represented in Mali through its embassy in Rabat (Morocco).
  • Mali is represented in Croatia through its embassy in Rome (Italy).
 Mauritania2004-11-11
  • Croatia is represented in Mauritania through its embassy in Rabat (Morocco).
  • Mauritania is not represented in Croatia.
 Mauritius1997-09-03
  • Croatia is represented in Mauritius through its embassy in Pretoria (South Africa).
  • Mauritius is not represented in Croatia.
 Morocco1992-06-26
 Mozambique1996-08-23
  • Croatia is represented in Mozambique through its embassy in Pretoria (South Africa).
  • Mozambique is not represented in Croatia.
 Namibia1998-06-22

Diplomatic relations between Croatia and Namibia were established on June 22, 1998.[65][66]

 Nigeria1993-01-07
  • Croatia is represented in Nigeria through its embassy in London (UK).
  • Nigeria is represented in Croatia through its embassy in Budapest (Hungary).
 São Tomé and Príncipe1993-05-23
  • Croatia is represented in São Tomé and Príncipe through its embassy in Lisbon (Portugal).
  • São Tomé and Príncipe is not represented in Croatia.
 Senegal1997-10-01
  • Croatia is represented in Senegal through its embassy in Rabat (Morocco).
  • Senegal is not represented in Croatia.
 Seychelles1997-09-30
  • Croatia is represented in Seychelles through its embassy in Pretoria (South Africa).
  • Seychelles is not represented in Croatia.
 South Africa1992-11-19
 Sudan1992-07-17
  • Croatia is represented in Sudan through its embassy in Cairo (Egypt).
  • Sudan is represented in Croatia through its embassy in Rome (Italy).
 Tanzania1993-07-02
  • Croatia is represented in Tanzania through its embassy in Pretoria, (South Africa).[73]
  • Tanzania is represented in Croatia through its embassy in Rome, (Italy).[74]
 Togo1993-12-20
  • Croatia is represented in Tongo through its embassy in Paris (France).
  • Togo is not represented in Croatia.
 Tunisia1993-01-30
 Uganda1999-03-10
  • Croatia is represented in Uganda through its embassy in Pretoria (South Africa).
  • Uganda is not represented in Croatia.
 Zambia1995-09-20
  • Croatia is represented in Zambia through its embassy in Pretoria (New Zealand).
  • Zambia is represented in Croatia through its embassy in Paris (France).

Asia

Middle East

Country Formal Relations Began Notes
 Bahrain1993-01-18
  • Croatia is represented in Bahrain through its embassy in Cairo (Egypt).
  • Bahrain is not represented in Croatia.
 Iran1992-04-18See Croatia–Iran relations
  • Croatia has an embassy in Tehran.
  • Iran has an embassy and a cultural centre in Zagreb.
  • Croatia and Iran signed 24 agreements of cooperation.
 Iraq2005-01-05
  • Croatia is represented in Iraq through its embassy in Baghdad.[75]
  • Iraq is represented in Croatia through its embassy in Vienna.[76]
 Israel1997-09-04See Croatia–Israel relations
 Jordan1994-06-29
 Kuwait1994-08-10
  • Croatia is represented in Kuwait through its embassy in Doha (Qatar).[78]
  • Kuwait is represented in Croatia through its embassy in Prague (Czech Republic) and consulate in Zagreb.[79]
 Lebanon1994-12-05
 Qatar1992-12-05See Croatia–Saudi Arabia relations
 Saudi Arabia1995-06-08
  • Croatia is represented in Saudi Arabia through its embassy in Cairo (Egypt).
  • Saudi Arabia is not represented in Croatia but citizens that need any assistance are advised to contact the Saudi Arabia embassy in Sarajevo (BiH).
 Syria1997-08-29 See Croatia–Syria relations
 United Arab Emirates1992-06-23
  • Croatia is represented in United Arab Emirates through its embassy in Cairo (Egypt).[87]
  • United Arab Emirates are represented in Croatia through its embassy in Berlin (Germany).[88]
 Yemen1993-01-17
  • Croatia is represented in Yemen through its embassy in Cairo (Egypt).
  • Yemen is represented in Croatia through its embassy in Vienna (Austria) and consulate in Zagreb.

Central Asia

Country Formal Relations Began Notes
 Afghanistan1996-01-03
 Kazakhstan1992-10-20
 Kyrgyzstan1996-12-23
  • Croatia is represented in Kyrgyzstan through its embassy in Ankara (Turkey).
 Turkmenistan1996-07-02
 Uzbekistan1995-02-06
  • Croatia is represented in Uzbekistan through its embassy in Ankara (Turkey).

South Asia

Country Formal Relations Began Notes
 India1992-07-09

See Croatia–India relations

 Maldives1997-04-08
  • Croatia is represented in Maldives through its embassy in New Delhi (India).
  • Maldives is not represented in Croatia.
   Nepal1998-02-06
  • Croatia is represented in Nepal through its embassy in New Delhi and consulate in Kathmandu.
  • Nepal is represented in Croatia through its embassy in Geneva (Switzerland).[93]
 Pakistan1994-07-20
 Sri Lanka1997-02-14
  • Croatia is represented in Croatia through its embassy in New Delhi and consulate in Colombo.[95]
  • Sri Lanka is represented in Sri Lanka through its embassy in Vienna (Austria) and consulate in Zagreb.[96]

Southeast Asia

Country Formal Relations Began Notes
 Burma1999-09-03
 Cambodia1996-09-10
  • Croatia is represented in Cambodia through its embassy in Kuala Lumpur (Malaysia).
  • Cambodia is not represented in Croatia.
 Indonesia1992-09-03
 Laos1996-03-04
 Malaysia1992-05-04
  • Croatia is represented in Malaysia through its embassy in Kuala Lumpur (Malaysia).
  • Malaysia has embassy in Zagreb.
 Philippines1993-02-25
 Singapore1992-11-23
 Thailand1992-09-09
 Timor-Leste2003-02-05
 Viet Nam1994-07-01

East Asia

Country Formal Relations Began Notes
 China (People's Republic)1992-05-13 See also: China–Croatia relations
 Japan1993-03-05
 Mongolia 1993-03-10
 North Korea1992-11-30
  • Croatia is represented in North Korea through its embassy in Beijing (China).[109]
  • North Korea is represented in Croatia through its embassy in Bucharest (Romania).[110]
  • In January 2016, former Croatian president Stjepan Mesić visited North Korea.[111]
 South Korea 1992-11-18 See Foreign relations of South Korea
  • The Establishment of diplomatic relations between Croatia and the South Korea began on 18 November 1992.
  • Croatia has an embassy in Seoul.[112]
  • South Korea has an embassy in Zagreb.
  • Croatian President Stjepan Mesić visited South Korea in April 2006.
  • The number of the South Koreans living in Croatia in 2015 was about 88.

Oceania

Country Formal Relations Began Notes
 Australia1992-02-13
 Nauru2000-12-14
  • Croatia is represented in Nauru through its embassy in Canberra (Australia).[115]
  • Nauru is not represented in Croatia.
 New Zealand1992-02-25
 Samoa1994-03-08
  • Croatia is represented in Samoa through its embassy in Canberra (Australia).
  • Samoa is not represented in Croatia.

Americas

Caribbean

Country Formal Relations Began Notes
 Antigua and Barbuda1999-09-20
  • Croatia is represented in Antigua and Barbuda through its Permanent Mission to the United Nations in New York (USA).[118]
  • Antigua and Barbuda is represented in Croatia through its through its embassy in Vienna (Austria).
 Cuba1992-09-23
 Dominica2013[119]

Joint Communiqué on the Establishment of Diplomatic Relations between the Republic of Croatia and the Commonwealth of Dominica was signed on the 30 July 2013.[119]

 GuyanaFebruary 25, 2003
  • Both countries established diplomatic relations on February 25, 2003.[120]
  • Croatia is represented in Guyana through its Permanent Mission in New York City.[121]
 Grenada2000-05-19
  • Croatia is represented in Grenada through its Permanent Mission to the United Nations in New York (USA).
 Jamaica1996-10-09
  • Croatia is represented in Jamaica through its Permanent Mission to the United Nations in New York (USA).[122]
 Saint Lucia1997-12-10
  • Croatia is represented in Saint Lucia through its Permanent Mission to the United Nations in New York (USA).
 Saint Vincent and the Grenadines1994-10-07
  • Croatia is represented in Saint Vincent and the Grenadines through its Permanent Mission to the United Nations in New York (USA).

Latin America

Country Formal Relations Began Notes
 Argentina1992-04-13 See Argentina–Croatia relations
 Bolivia1992-11-26
 Brazil1992-12-23
 Chile1992-04-15See Chile–Croatia relations
 Colombia1995-04-25
  • Colombia is represented in Croatia through its embassy in Vienna (Austria).
  • Croatia is represented in Colombia through its embassy in Brasilia (Brazil).
  • Croatia is defined as an ally by Colombia on the war on drugs and as an example to follow after a post-conflict situation[125]
 Costa Rica1995-10-19
  • Croatia is represented in Costa Rica through its Permanent Mission to the United Nations in New York (US).
  • Costa Rica is represented in Croatia through its embassy in Vienna (Austria).
 Ecuador1996-02-22
  • Croatia is represented in Ecuador through its embassy in Santiago (Chile).
  • Ecuador is represented in Croatia through its embassy in Budapest (Hungary).
 El Salvador1997-07-24
  • Croatia is represented in El Salvador through its Permanent Mission to the United Nations in New York (US).
  • El Salvador is not represented in Croatia.
 Guatemala1992-12-22
  • Croatia is represented in Guatemala through its Permanent Mission to the United Nations in New York (US).
  • Guatemala is not represented in Croatia.
 Honduras1999-09-20
  • Croatia is represented in Honduras through its Permanent Mission to the United Nations in New York (US).
  • Honduras is not represented in Croatia.
 Mexico1992-12-06 See Croatia-Mexico relations
 Nicaragua1996-03-29
  • Croatia is represented in Nicaragua through its Permanent Mission to the United Nations in New York (US) and embassy in Brasilia (Brazil).
  • Nicaragua is not represented in Croatia.
 Panama1996-06-12
  • Croatia is represented in Panama through its embassy in Washington D.C. (US).
  • Panama is represented in Croatia through its embassy in Piraeus (Greece).[128]
 Paraguay1992-03-13
  • Croatia is represented in Paraguay through its embassy in Buenos Aires (Argentina).
  • Paraguay is not represented in Croatia.
 Peru1993-01-12
  • Croatia is represented in Peru through its embassy in Santiago (Chile) and consulate in Lima.
  • Peru is represented in Croatia through its embassy in Bucharest (Romania) and consulate in Zagreb.
  • There are around 6,500 people of Croatian descent living in Peru.
 Suriname1997-12-17
  • Croatia is represented in Suriname through its Permanent Mission to the United Nations in New York (US) and embassy in Brasilia (Brazil).[129]
  • Suriname is not represented in Croatia.
 Uruguay1993 -05-04See Croats in Uruguay
  • Croatia is represented in Uruguay through its embassy in Buenos Aires (Argentina) and consulate in Montevideo.
  • Uruguay is not represented in Croatia.
  • According to UN estimates there are some 3,300 people of Croat descent living in Uruguay. Other estimates place the figure at around 5,000.
 Venezuela1992-10-09
  • Croatia is represented in Venezuela through its embassy in Brasilia (Brazil).
  • Venezuela is represented in Croatia through its embassy in Vienna (Austria).

North America

Country Formal Relations Began Notes
 Canada1993-04-14
 United States of America1992-08-11 See Croatia–United States relations

No diplomatic relations

Croatia has not established diplomatic relations with these 21 UN member states:

Country
 Bahamas
 Dominica
 Saint Kitts and Nevis
 Bhutan
 Cook Islands
 Kiribati
 Marshall Islands
 Niue
 Palau
 Solomon Islands
 Tonga
 Tuvalu
 Burundi
 Central African Republic
 Djibouti
 Liberia
 Niger
 Rwanda
 Somalia
 South Sudan
 Swaziland

Croatia has not established diplomatic relations with these nine States with limited recognition:

Country
 Republic of Abkhazia
 Republic of China
 Turkish Republic of Northern Cyprus
 State of Palestine
 Sahrawi Arab Democratic Republic
 Republic of South Ossetia
 Nagorno-Karabakh Republic
 Transnistria
 Somaliland

See also

References

  1. ↑ "MVEP • Vanjska politika". Mvep.hr. Retrieved 2016-04-30.
  2. ↑ Statement by President Barroso on Croatia – Commission proposes to close the last "Chapters" in the accession talks European Commission, 10 June 2011
  3. ↑ "Croats say 'yes' to EU membership | Europe | DW.DE | 22.01.2012". Dw-world.de. Retrieved 3 April 2012.
  4. ↑ Independent Newspapers Online (23 December 2011). "Croatia sets date for EU referendum". Iol.co.za. Retrieved 3 April 2012.
  5. ↑ "Croatian parliament calls EU referendum for January 22". Focus-fen.net. Retrieved 3 April 2012.
  6. ↑ "Parl't decides that EU referendum will be held on 22 January". Daily.tportal.hr. Retrieved 3 April 2012.
  7. ↑ "EU Summit: Accession Treaty with Croatia to be signed in 2011". eu2011.hu. 27 June 2011. Retrieved 30 June 2011.
  8. ↑ Drago Pilsel (May 5, 2011). "S kojim državama nemamo diplomatske odnose?" [Which countries do we have no diplomatic relations with?] (in Croatian). t-portal. Retrieved September 24, 2011.
  9. ↑ "Diplomatic Missions and Consular Offices to Croatia". Ministry of Foreign Affairs and European Integration (Croatia). Retrieved September 24, 2011.
  10. ↑ "Foreign Ministries of Belarus and Croatia To Hold Political Consultations". Belarus. Retrieved 2009-11-26. The diplomatic relations between Belarus and Croatia were established on September 25, 1992. There is no Belarusian Embassy to Croatia and there is no Embassy of Croatia to Belarus. The states maintain their bilateral relations through their embassies to Russia.
  11. ↑ "Belarus Signs Intergovernmental Agreement on Cooperation to Integrate Druzhba and Adria Oil Pipelines". Belarus. Retrieved 2009-11-26.
  12. ↑ "Belgian embassy in Zagreb". Retrieved 20 February 2015.
  13. ↑ "Croatian embassy in Brussels". Be.mfa.hr. Retrieved 2010-06-11.
  14. 1 2 "Croatia, Zagreb, Embassy of the Republic of Bulgaria". mfa.bg. Retrieved 18 November 2012.
  15. ↑ "Croatian embassy in Prague (in Croatian and Polish only)". Cz.mfa.hr. Retrieved 2010-06-11.
  16. ↑ "Czech embassy in Zagreb". Mzv.cz. 2010-04-30. Retrieved 2010-06-11.
  17. ↑ "Finnish embassy in Zagreb". Finland.hr. Retrieved 2010-06-11.
  18. ↑ Drazen Karaman dkaraman@free.fr; Zvonimir Frka-Petesic zfrka@amb-croatie.fr. "Croatian embassy in Paris(in Croat and French only)". Amb-croatie.fr. Retrieved 2010-06-11.
  19. ↑ "French embassy in Zagreb (in Croat and French only)". Ambafrance-hr.org. Retrieved 2010-06-11.
  20. ↑ "MVEP • Veleposlanstva RH u svijetu • Gruzija, Atena". Mvep.hr. Retrieved 2016-04-30.
  21. ↑ "MVEP • Veleposlanstva stranih država u RH • Gruzija, Budimpešta". Mvep.hr. Retrieved 2016-04-30.
  22. ↑ "Greek embassy in Zagreb". Grembassy.hr. Retrieved 2010-06-11.
  23. ↑ "MVEP • Veleposlanstva RH u svijetu • Grčka, Atena". Mvep.hr. 1992-07-20. Retrieved 2016-04-30.
  24. ↑ "MVEP • Veleposlanstva RH u svijetu • Sveta Stolica, Vatikan". Mvep.hr. 1992-02-08. Retrieved 2016-04-30.
  25. ↑ "Croatian embassy in Budapest (in Croatian and Hungarian only)". Hu.mfa.hr. Retrieved 2010-06-11.
  26. ↑ "Hungarian embassy in Zagreb". Mfa.gov.hu. Retrieved 2010-06-11.
  27. 1 2 "MVEP • Veleposlanstva stranih država u RH • Island, Berlin". Mvep.hr. 1992-06-30. Retrieved 2016-04-30.
  28. ↑ "MVEP • Veleposlanstva RH u svijetu • Irska, Dublin". Mvep.hr. 1995-01-27. Retrieved 2016-04-30.
  29. ↑ "MVEP • Veleposlanstva stranih država u RH • Irska, Zagreb". Mvep.hr. 1995-01-27. Retrieved 2016-04-30.
  30. ↑ "Croatian embassy in Rome (in Croatian and Italian only)". It.mvp.hr. 1944-07-22. Retrieved 2010-06-11.
  31. ↑ "Italian embassy in Zagreb". Ambzagabria.esteri.it. 2006-10-10. Retrieved 2010-06-11.
  32. ↑ "Croatia establishes embassy to Kosovo, seated in Pristina". Mvpei.hr. Retrieved 2010-06-11.
  33. ↑ "Kosovar Embassy in Zagreb, Croatia". Embassy Pages. Retrieved 17 December 2014.
  34. ↑ "MVEP • Veleposlanstva RH u svijetu • Litva, Vilnius". Mvep.hr. 1992-03-18. Retrieved 2016-04-30.
  35. ↑ "MVEP • Veleposlanstva RH u svijetu • Luksemburg, Bruxelles". Mvep.hr. 1992-04-29. Retrieved 2016-04-30.
  36. ↑ "MVEP • Veleposlanstva stranih država u RH • Luksemburg, Berlin". Mvep.hr. 1992-04-29. Retrieved 2016-04-30.
  37. ↑ "MVEP • Veleposlanstva stranih država u RH • Malta, Split". Mvep.hr. 1992-06-30. Retrieved 2016-04-30.
  38. ↑ "MVEP • Veleposlanstva stranih država u RH • Crna Gora, Dubrovnik". Mvep.hr. 2006-07-07. Retrieved 2016-04-30.
  39. ↑ "Ponovno otkrivena Duklja!". Glas-slavonije.hr. 2008-12-05. Retrieved 2010-06-11.
  40. ↑ "Croatian embassy in The Hague". Nl.mfa.hr. Retrieved 2010-06-11.
  41. ↑ "Dutch embassy in Zagreb". Mfa.nl. Retrieved 2010-06-11.
  42. ↑ "Norwegian embassy in Zagreb". Norwegianembassy.hr. 2009-11-08. Retrieved 2010-06-11.
  43. ↑ "MVEP • Veleposlanstva stranih država u RH • Norveška, Rijeka". Mvep.hr. 1992-02-20. Retrieved 2016-04-30.
  44. ↑ "MVEP • Veleposlanstva RH u svijetu • Poljska, Warszawa". Mvep.hr. 1992-11-04. Retrieved 2016-04-30.
  45. 1 2 "MVEP • Veleposlanstva stranih država u RH • Poljska, Zagreb". Mvep.hr. 1992-11-04. Retrieved 2016-04-30.
  46. ↑ "MVEP • Veleposlanstva stranih država u RH • Rumunjska, Zagreb". Mvep.hr. 1992-08-29. Retrieved 2016-04-30.
  47. ↑ (Russian) (Croatian) Embassy of Croatia in Moscow
  48. ↑ (Russian) (Croatian) Embassy of The Russian Federation in Zagreb
  49. ↑ "MVEP • Veleposlanstva RH u svijetu • San Marino, Rim". Mvep.hr. Retrieved 2016-04-30.
  50. ↑ "MVEP • Veleposlanstva stranih država u RH • San Marino". Mvep.hr. Retrieved 2016-04-30.
  51. ↑ "Croatian embassy in Bratislava (in Croatian and Slovakian only)". Sk.mfa.hr. Retrieved 2010-06-11.
  52. ↑ "MVEP • Veleposlanstva stranih država u RH • Slovačka, Zagreb". Mvep.hr. Retrieved 2016-04-30.
  53. ↑ "Swedish embassy in Zagreb". Swedenabroad.com. Retrieved 2010-06-11.
  54. ↑ "MVEP • Veleposlanstva stranih država u RH • Švicarska, Zagreb". Mvep.hr. 1992-01-30. Retrieved 2016-04-30.
  55. ↑ "MVEP • Veleposlanstva stranih država u RH • Ukrajina, Zagreb". Mvep.hr. 1992-02-18. Retrieved 2016-04-30.
  56. ↑ "Ukrainian embassy in Zagreb (in Croatian and Ukrainian only)". Mfa.gov.ua. Retrieved 2010-06-11.
  57. ↑ "British embassy in Zagreb". Ukincroatia.fco.gov.uk. Retrieved 2010-06-11.
  58. ↑ "Croatian embassy in London". Uk.mfa.hr. Retrieved 2010-06-11.
  59. ↑ "MVEP • Veleposlanstva RH u svijetu • Alžir, Alžir". Mvep.hr. 1992-10-15. Retrieved 2016-04-30.
  60. ↑ "MVEP • Veleposlanstva stranih država u RH • Alžir, Zagreb". Mvep.hr. 1992-10-15. Retrieved 2016-04-30.
  61. ↑ "MVEP • Veleposlanstva RH u svijetu • Angola, Lisabon". Mvep.hr. 1994-11-16. Retrieved 2016-04-30.
  62. ↑ "MVEP • Veleposlanstva stranih država u RH • Angola, Beč". Mvep.hr. 1994-11-16. Retrieved 2016-04-30.
  63. ↑ "MVEP • Veleposlanstva RH u svijetu • Benin, Pariz". Mvep.hr. 2001-03-26. Retrieved 2016-04-30.
  64. ↑ "MVEP • Veleposlanstva stranih država u RH • Benin, Genéve". Mvep.hr. 2001-03-26. Retrieved 2016-04-30.
  65. 1 2 http://www.mvep.hr/en/foreign-politics/bilateral-relations/date-of-recognition-and-establishment-of-diplomatic-relations/. Missing or empty |title= (help)
  66. 1 2 http://www.mvep.hr/en/foreign-politics/bilateral-relations/overview-by-country/botswana,161.html. Missing or empty |title= (help)
  67. ↑ "MVEP • Veleposlanstva stranih država u RH • Burkina Faso, Beč". Mvep.hr. 1995-05-18. Retrieved 2016-04-30.
  68. ↑ "MVEP • Diplomatic Missions and Consular Offices of Croatia • Kenya, Pretoria". Mvep.hr. Retrieved 2016-04-30.
  69. ↑ http://www.mfa.go.ke/contactus.html
  70. ↑ "Croatian embassy in Pretoria". Za.mfa.hr. Retrieved 2010-06-11.
  71. ↑ "Hrvatsko iseljeništvo u Južnoafričkoj Republici". mvep.hr (in Croatian). Ministry of Foreign and European Affairs of the Republic of Croatia. Retrieved 8 April 2012.
  72. ↑ "Croatian Ministry of Foreign Affairs and European Integration: list of bilateral treaties signed with South Africa". Mvpei.hr. Retrieved 2010-06-11.
  73. ↑ "MVEP • Diplomatic Missions and Consular Offices of Croatia • United Republic of Tanzania (the), Pretoria". Mvep.hr. Retrieved 2016-04-30.
  74. ↑ "MVEP • Diplomatic Missions and Consular Offices to Croatia • United Republic of Tanzania (the), Rome". Mvep.hr. Retrieved 2016-04-30.
  75. ↑ "MVEP • Veleposlanstva RH u svijetu • Irak, Bagdad". Mvep.hr. 2005-01-04. Retrieved 2016-04-30.
  76. ↑ "MVEP • Pregled viznog sustava • Irak". Mvep.hr. 2005-01-04. Retrieved 2016-04-30.
  77. ↑ "MVEP • Veleposlanstva stranih država u RH • Jordan, Rim". Mvep.hr. 1994-06-29. Retrieved 2016-04-30.
  78. ↑ [http://www.mvep.hr/hr/predstavnistva/dmkurh-u-svijetu/kuvajt-doha,296.html#p> "MVEP • Veleposlanstva RH u svijetu • Kuvajt, Doha"]. Retrieved 2 May 2016.
  79. ↑ "MVEP • Veleposlanstva stranih država u RH • Kuvajt, Prag". Mvep.hr. 1994-10-08. Retrieved 2016-04-30.
  80. ↑ "MVEP • Veleposlanstva RH u svijetu • Libanon, Bejrut". Mvep.hr. 1994-12-05. Retrieved 2016-04-30.
  81. ↑ "MVEP • Pregled viznog sustava • Libanon". Mvep.hr. 1994-12-05. Retrieved 2016-04-30.
  82. ↑ "MVEP • Veleposlanstva RH u svijetu • Katar, Doha". Mvep.hr. 1992-12-05. Retrieved 2016-04-30.
  83. ↑ "MVEP • Veleposlanstva stranih država u RH • Katar, Zagreb". Mvep.hr. 1992-12-05. Retrieved 2016-04-30.
  84. ↑ "Syrian embassy in Budapest (also accredited to Croatia)". Syrianembassy.hu. Retrieved 2010-06-11.
  85. ↑ "RH priznala sirijsku oporbu kao legitimnog predstavnika naroda - Večernji.hr". Vecernji.hr. Retrieved 2016-04-30.
  86. ↑ "Hrvatska priznala sirijsku oporbu kao jedinu legitimnu vlast u Siriji". Retrieved 2 May 2016.
  87. ↑ "MVEP • Veleposlanstva RH u svijetu • Ujedinjeni Arapski Emirati, Kairo". Retrieved 2 May 2016.
  88. ↑ "MVEP • Veleposlanstva stranih država u RH • Ujedinjeni Arapski Emirati, Berlin". Retrieved 2 May 2016.
  89. ↑ "MVEP • Veleposlanstva RH u svijetu • Kazahstan, Moskva". Retrieved 2 May 2016.
  90. 1 2 "Milanović zbog zastoja danas osobno predaje brod Berdimuhamedovu - Jutarnji.hr". Retrieved 2 May 2016.
  91. ↑ "MVEP • Veleposlanstva RH u svijetu • Indija, New Delhi". Retrieved 2 May 2016.
  92. ↑ "Indian embassy in Zagreb". Indianembassy.hr. 2009-01-09. Retrieved 2010-06-11.
  93. ↑ "MVEP • Veleposlanstva stranih država u RH • Nepal, Genéve". Retrieved 2 May 2016.
  94. ↑ "MVEP • Veleposlanstva RH u svijetu • Pakistan, Teheran". Retrieved 2 May 2016.
  95. ↑ "MVEP • Veleposlanstva RH u svijetu • Šri Lanka, Colombo". Retrieved 2 May 2016.
  96. ↑ "MVEP • Veleposlanstva stranih država u RH • Šri Lanka, Beč". Retrieved 2 May 2016.
  97. ↑ "MVEP • Veleposlanstva RH u svijetu • Laoska Narodna Demokratska Republika, Kuala Lumpur". Retrieved 2 May 2016.
  98. ↑ "Croatian embassy in Jakarta (also accredited to Thailand)". Croatemb.or.id. Retrieved 2010-06-11.
  99. ↑ "Thai embassy in Budapest (also accredited to Croatia)". Thaiembassy.org. 2010-05-30. Retrieved 2010-06-11.
  100. ↑ "Croatian embassy in Beijing". Cn.mfa.hr. Retrieved 2010-06-11.
  101. ↑ "Chinese embassy in Zagreb". Hr.china-embassy.org. Retrieved 2010-06-11.
  102. ↑ "Chinese premier meets president of Croatia on bilateral cooperation". http://news.xinhuanet.com/. 2015-10-15. Retrieved 2016-02-07. External link in |publisher= (help)
  103. ↑ "Japanese embassy in Zagreb". Hr.emb-japan.go.jp. Retrieved 2010-06-11.
  104. ↑ "Japan-Croatia Relations". Mofa.go.jp. 1993-03-05. Retrieved 2010-06-11.
  105. ↑ "MVEP • Veleposlanstva stranih država u RH • Mongolija, Beč". Retrieved 2 May 2016.
  106. ↑ Stephen Turnbull (2003). Genghis Khan & the Mongol Conquests 1190-1400. Osprey Publishing. p. 53. ISBN 1-84176-523-6. The Mongol way now led via Lake Balaton to a crossing of the Drava river into Croatia. The Mongols soon captured Zagreb, and before very long they were in ...
  107. ↑ Marcus Tanner (2001). Croatia: a nation forged in war. Yale University Press. p. 21. ISBN 0-300-09125-7.
  108. ↑ Vjekoslav Klaić (1982). Povijest Hrvata [History of the Croats]. Knjiga prva: Prvo doba: Vladanje knezova i kraljeva hrvatske krvi (641 - 1102) (in Croatian). Zagreb: Nakladni zavod Matice hrvatske.
  109. ↑ "MVEP • Veleposlanstva RH u svijetu • Demokratska Narodna Republika Koreja, Peking". Retrieved 2 May 2016.
  110. ↑ "MVEP • Veleposlanstva stranih država u RH • Demokratska Narodna Republika Koreja, Bukurešt". Retrieved 2 May 2016.
  111. ↑ "Kako se Stipe Mesić u potpunosti prenerazio životom u Sjevernoj Koreji". Telegram.hr. Retrieved 2 May 2016.
  112. ↑ Ministry of Foreign Affairs, Republic of Korea. "Veleposlanstvo Republike Koreje u Republici Hrvatskoj". Retrieved 2 May 2016.
  113. ↑ "Australian embassy in Zagreb". Croatia.embassy.gov.au. Retrieved 2010-06-11.
  114. ↑ "Hrvatsko iseljeništo u Australiji". Retrieved 2 May 2016.
  115. ↑ "MVEP • Veleposlanstva RH u svijetu • Nauru, Canberra". Retrieved 2 May 2016.
  116. ↑ "New Zealand embassy in Rome (also accredited to Croatia)". Nzembassy.com. Retrieved 2010-06-11.
  117. ↑ "Hrvatsko iseljeništvo u Novom Zelandu". Retrieved 2 May 2016.
  118. ↑ "MVEP • Veleposlanstva RH u svijetu • Antigva i Barbuda, New York". Retrieved 2 May 2016.
  119. 1 2 "Ministry Foreign Affairs of Croatia".
  120. ↑ Ministry of foreign affairs of Croatia
  121. ↑ Ministry of foreign affairs of Croatia
  122. ↑ "MVEP • Veleposlanstva RH u svijetu • Jamajka, New York". Retrieved 2 May 2016.
  123. ↑ Croatian embassy in Buenos Aires
  124. ↑ "MVEP • Veleposlanstva RH u svijetu • Brazil, Brasilia". Retrieved 2 May 2016.
  125. ↑ "República de Croacia". Cancillería. Retrieved 20 February 2015.
  126. ↑ "MVEP • Diplomatic Missions and Consular Offices of Croatia • Mexico, Washington DC". Retrieved 20 February 2015.
  127. ↑ Administrator. "Honorary Consulates". Retrieved 20 February 2015.
  128. ↑ "MVEP • Veleposlanstva stranih država u RH • Panama, Piraeus". Retrieved 2 May 2016.
  129. ↑ "MVEP • Veleposlanstva RH u svijetu • -". Retrieved 2 May 2016.

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