Aptera, Greece
Aptera (Ἄπτερα[1] or Ἀπτερία;[2] more anciently, Ἄptaϝra[3]) also called Apteron[4] was an ancient city, now an archaeological site in western Crete, a kilometre inland from the southern shore of Souda Bay, about 13 km east of Chania in the municipality of Akrotiri. It is mentioned (A-pa-ta-wa) in Linear B tablets from the 14th-13th centuries BC. With its highly fortunate geographical situation, the city-state was powerful from Minoan through Hellenistic times, when it gradually declined.
In Greek mythology, here was placed the scene of the legend of the contest between the Sirens and the Muses, when after the victory of the latter, the Sirens lost the feathers of their wings from their shoulders, and having thus become white, cast themselves into the sea, whence the name of the city Aptera (literally meaning "without wings"), and of the neighbouring islands Leucae (meaning "white").[5] It was at one time in alliance with Cnossus, but was afterwards compelled by the Polyrrhenians to side with them against that city.[6] The port of Aptera according to Strabo was Cisamos.
In the third century BCE Aptera was at war with Kydonia,[7] a prominent ancient city on northwestern Crete. In much of the Greek Archaic Period, Aptera was under the control of Kydonia.[7]
It was destroyed by earthquake during the 7th century. By the 12th century, a monastery of St. John Theologos had been built on the site; it continued in operation until 1964. The site is now maintained by the Greek Ministry of Culture, Department of Antiquities.[8] The hilltop, about 150 metres above the sea, commands views of Souda Bay and the Akrotiri Peninsula to the north, the Lefka Ori (White Mountains) to the south, and Kalives and the Turkish Itzendin Castle to the east; the city of Chania is not quite visible to the west.
There are several structures within the square monastery enclosure,[9] including a chapel and a two-story block of monks' cells. The surrounding site is notable for a two-part temple from the 5th century BC, a large three-vaulted Roman cistern, Roman baths, and parts of several Doric temples. An ancient theater and a Roman peristyle villa have also been discovered on the site.
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See also
Notes
References
- Bayard Taylor, Travels in Greece and Russia: With an Excursion to Crete, 1863, G.P. Putnam, 426 pages
- C. Michael Hogan, Cydonia, The Modern Antiquarian, Jan. 23, 2008
- The ancient city of Aptera
This article incorporates text from a publication now in the public domain: Chisholm, Hugh, ed. (1911). "article name needed". Encyclopædia Britannica (11th ed.). Cambridge University Press.
This article incorporates text from a publication now in the public domain: Smith, William, ed. (1854–1857). "Aptera". Dictionary of Greek and Roman Geography. London: John Murray.
Coordinates: 35°27′46″N 24°08′31″E / 35.4629°N 24.1420°E