Abercrombie-class monitor

Class overview
The starboard profile of HMS Abercrombie off Gallipoli in July 1915
Name:	Abercrombie
Operators:	Royal Navy
Completed:	Four
Lost:	One
General characteristics ^[1]
Type:	Monitor
Displacement:	6,150 long tons (6,250 t)
Length:	334 ft 6 in (101.96 m) oa
Beam:	90 ft 2 in (27.48 m)
Draught:	10 ft (3.0 m)
Installed power:	2,310 ihp (1,720 kW)
Propulsion:	2 × vertical triple expansion reciprocating engines, 2 × boilers, 2 × screws (HMS Raglan)
Speed:	6 ¹⁄₂ kn (12.0 km/h; 7.5 mph) (HMS Raglan)
Complement:	198
Armament:	2 × BL 14 inch gun Mk II 45 cal guns 2 × QF 12 pounder 18 cwt naval gun 1 × 3 pounder (47 mm) anti-aircraft gun 1 × 2-pounder Mark II anti-aircraft gun
Armour:	Belt: 4 in (102 mm) Deck 2–1 in (51–25 mm) Barbettes: 8 in (203 mm) Turrets: 10 in (254 mm)
Aircraft carried:	1 × seaplane (designed but seldom carried)

The Abercrombie class of monitors served in the Royal Navy during the First World War.

History

The 14-inch (356 mm) gun turret of an Abercrombie-class monitor during World War I. It mounted two 14-inch (356 mm) Mark II guns.

The four ships in this class came about when the contracted supplier of the main armament for the Greek battleship Salamis being built in Germany was unable to supply due to the British blockade. The company – Bethlehem Steel in the United States – instead offered to sell the four 14 in (356 mm) twin gun turrets to the Royal Navy on 3 November 1914.^[1] The Royal Navy was using obsolete pre-dreadnought battleships for shore bombardment in support of the army in Belgium, and a design for a shallow-draught warship (known as "Monitors") suitable for shore-bombardment was quickly designed and built to use these turrets. The ships were laid down and launched within six months.^[1]

The ships carried a single main gun turret forward of a tripod mast, which was itself in front of a single funnel. A secondary armament of two 12-pounder (76 mm) guns was fitted, with a single 3-pounder (47 mm) anti-aircraft gun and a 2-pounder pom-pom completed the ships armament.^[2]

The monitors had a box-like hull, with very bluff bow and stern, and were fitted with anti-torpedo bulges. In order to speed construction, it was intended to use off-the shelf merchant ship engines, giving about 2,000 indicated horsepower (1,500 kW), which were expected to drive the ships to 10 knots (19 km/h; 12 mph). The rushed design, however, meant that the ships were much slower than expected — Raglan's engines gave 2,310 indicated horsepower (1,720 kW) but the ship could only reach 6 ¹⁄₂ knots (12.0 km/h; 7.5 mph).^[3]

During the planning and build, they were to be the Styx-class named after four American figures; General Ulysses S. Grant, General Robert E. Lee, Admiral David Farragut and General Stonewall Jackson. Because the United States was still a neutral power at that time, using these names would have been undiplomatic and so they were simply called M1 through M4 before receiving their final names.

The design included a seaplane for spotting the guns, but it was found that land-based aircraft were more effective; as monitors, they would never operate in the open sea, and storing the seaplane on top of the turret meant it had to be removed to avoid damage, even if not required before the guns could fire.

Ships

Ship	Namesake	Builders	Launched	Fate
M1 (Abercrombie)	James Abercrombie	Harland and Wolff, Belfast	15 April 1915	Paid off after the Armistice and sold for scrap to TW Ward of Inverkeithing in 1927.
M2 (Havelock)	Henry Havelock	Harland and Wolff, Belfast	29 April 1915	Sold in 1921 for breaking up to TW Ward of Preston, broken up 1927
M3 (Raglan)	FitzRoy Somerset, 1st Baron Raglan	Harland and Wolff, Govan,	29 April 1915	Sunk during the Battle of Imbros in January 1918, by Yavuz Sultan Selim and Midilli
M4 (Roberts)	Frederick Roberts, 1st Earl Roberts	Swan Hunter, Wallsend,	15 April 1915	Used as a static drillship after the First World War, scrapped in 1936

References

1 2 3 Gardiner and Gray 1985, p. 43.
↑ Gardiner and Gray 1985, p. 44.
↑ Gardiner and Gray 1985, pp. 43–44.

Buxton, Ian. Big Gun Monitors, 2nd Edition, Seaforth Publishing, 2008.
Gardiner, Robert and Randal Gray. Conway's All the World's Fighting Ships 1906–1922. London: Conway Maritime Press, 1985. ISBN 0-85177-245-5.

External links

Wikimedia Commons has media related to Abercrombie class monitor.

Abercrombie-class monitors

Abercrombie Havelock Raglan Roberts

Preceded by: Humber class Followed by: Lord Clive class List of monitors of the Royal Navy

British naval ship classes of the First World War

Aircraft/Seaplane carriers	Empress^S^V Riviera^S^V Engadine^S^V Ark Royal^S Ben-my-Chree^S^V Campania^S^V Raven II^S^V Anne^S^V Vindex^S^V Manxman^S^V Furious^M Pegasus^S^V Nairana^S^V Argus^S^V Vindictive^S^V

Dreadnought battleships	Dreadnought^S Bellerophon St Vincent Neptune^S Colossus Orion King George V Erin^S Agincourt^S Iron Duke Canada^S Queen Elizabeth Revenge

Pre-dreadnought battleships	Royal Sovereign Majestic Canopus Formidable Duncan King Edward VII Swiftsure Lord Nelson

Battlecruisers	Invincible Indefatigable Lion Queen Mary^S Tiger^S Renown Courageous Admiral^S^C Incomparable^X

Armoured cruisers	Cressy Drake Monmouth Devonshire Duke of Edinburgh Warrior Minotaur

Heavy cruisers	Hawkins

Light cruisers	Town^G Arethusa C^{G, C} Danae^C Emerald^A

Protected cruisers	Apollo Astraea Eclipse Blake Pearl Edgar Powerful Diadem Arrogant Pelorus Highflyer Challenger Topaze

Scout cruisers	Adventure Forward Pathfinder Sentinel Boadicea Blonde Active

Destroyer flotilla leaders	Swift^S Faulknor Marksman Parker Admiralty (or Scott)^C Thornycroft (or Shakespeare)^C

Destroyers	A^G B^G C^G D^G E^G F Cricket^G G H I K L Admiralty M Hawthorn M Thornycroft M Yarrow M Yarrow Later M R^G S^{G, C} Talisman V and W^{G, C}

Monitors	Marshal Ney Abercrombie Lord Clive Humber Gorgon M15 M29 Erebus

Minesweepers	Flower Racecourse Hunt 24^C

Gunboats	Fly Insect

Submarines	A B C D E F G H^C J K L^C M^C R^C Swordfish^S V

A All completed after the war C One or more completed after the war G Grouping of several classes M converted from Courageous class S Single ship of class V Conversions X Cancelled

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