Y-DNA haplogroups by ethnic group

Dominant Y-chromosome haplogroups in pre-colonial world populations, with possible migrations routes according to the Coastal Migration Model.

Listed here are notable ethnic groups by Y-DNA haplogroups based on relevant studies. The data are presented in two columns for each haplogroup with the first being the sample size (n) and the second the percentage in the haplogroup designated by the column header. The samples are taken from individuals identified with the ethnic and linguistic designations in the first two columns. Some old studies conducted in the early 2000s regarded several haplogroups as one haplogrup, e.g. I, G and sometimes J were haplogroup 2, so conversion sometimes may lead to unsubstantial frequencies below.

Population Language Family[1] n[2] R1b[3] n R1a n I n E1b1b n E1b1a n J n G n N n T n L n H
Abazinians Caucasian (Northwest) 14 0[4] 14 14[4] 14 0[4] 14 0[4] 14 0[4] 14 7[4][5] 14 29[4]
Abkhaz Caucasian (Northwest) 12 8[4] 12 33.0[4] 12 33.3[4] 12 0[4] 12 0[4] 12 25[4][5] 12 0[4]
Albanians IE (Albanians) 18.2[6] 9.1[6] 21.7[6] 24.4[6] 23.5[6] 1.8[6]
Albanians IE (Albanian) 51 17.6[7] 51 9.8[7] 51 19.6[7] 51 21.6[7] 51 23.5[7] 51 2.0[7] 51 0.0[7] 51 0.0[7] 51 0.0[7]
Kosovo Albanians (Pristina) IE (Albanian) 114 21.1[8] 114 4.4[8] 114 7.9[8] 114 47.4[8] 114 16.7[8]
Albanians (Tirana) IE (Albanian) 30 13.3[9] 30 13.3[9] 30 16.7[9] 30 23.3[9] 30 0.0[9] 30 20.0[9] 30 3.3[9]
Albanians IE (Albanian) 55 18.2[6] 55 9.1[6] 55 21.8[6] 55 25.5[6] 55 0.0[6] 55 23.6[6] 55 1.8[6] 55 0.0[6] 55 0.0[6] 55 0.0[6]
Albanians (Macedonia) IE (Albanian) 64 18.8[6] 64 1.6[6] 64 17.2[6] 64 39.1[6] 64 0.0[6] 64 21.9[6] 64 1.6[6] 64 0.0[6] 64 0.0[6] 64 0.0[6]
Albanians IE (Albanian) 106 23.6[10]
Altaians Altaic (Turkic, Siberian) 142 9.2[11]
Altaians (Northern) Altaic (Turkic, Siberian) 50 6.0[12] 50 38.0 50 0.0 50 0.0 50 2.0 50 0.0 50 10.0
Altaians (Southern) Altaic (Turkic, Siberian) 96 1.0[12] 96 53.1 96 2.1 96 1.0 96 4.2 96 11.5
Ambalakarar Dravidian (Southern) 29 0.0[13] 29 13.8[13] 29 0.0[13] 29 0.0[13] 29 0.0[13] 29 6.9[13] 29 3.4[13] 29 0.0[13] 29 0.0[13] 29 20.7[13]
Amhara Afro-Asiatic (Semitic) 48 0.0[14] 48 0.0[14] 48 0.0[14] 48 45.8[14] 48 33.3[14] 48 0.0[14] 48 0.0[14] 48 4.2[14] 48 0.0[14]
Andalusians IE (Italic) 29 65.5[7] 29 0.0[7] 103 3.9[10] 76 9.2[15] 93 1.1[15] 29 0.0[7] 29 0.0[7] 29 6.9[7] 29 3.4[7]
Andis Caucasian (Northeast) 49 6.1[16] 49 2.0[16] 49 26.5[16] 49 2.0[16] 49 55.1[16] 49 6.1[16] 49 0.0[16] 49 2.0[16] 49 0.0[16]
Arabs (Algeria) Afro-Asiatic (Semitic) 35 13.0[17] 35 0.0[17] 32 50[15] 35 35[17]
Arabs (Algeria - Oran) Afro-Asiatic (Semitic) 102 10.8[18] 102 1[18] 102 50.9[18] 102 12.8[18] 102 27.4[18]
Arabs (Bedouin) Afro-Asiatic (Semitic) 32 0.0[19] 32 9.4[19] 32 6.3[19] 32 18.7[19] 32 65.6[19] 32 0.0[19]
Egyptians Afro-Asiatic (Semitic) 147 4.1[20] 147 2.7[20] 147 0.7[20] 147 36.7[20] 147 2.8[20] 147 32.0[20] 147 8.8[20] 147 0.0[20] 147 8.2[20]
Arabs (Israel) Afro-Asiatic (Semitic) 143 8.4[19] 143 1.4[19] 143 6.3[19] 143 20.3[19] 143 55.2[19] 143 0.0[19]
Arabs (Morocco) Afro-Asiatic (Semitic) 44 3.8[8] 44 0.0[8] 44 0.0[8] 49 85.5[15] 49 2.4[15]
Arabs (Oman) Afro-Asiatic (Semitic) 121 1.7[20] 121 9.1[20] 121 0.0[20] 121 15.7[20] 121 7.4[20] 121 47.9[20] 121 1.7[20] 121 8.3[20] 121 0.8[20]
Arabs (Qatar) Afro-Asiatic (Semitic) 72 1.4[21] 72 6.9[21] 72 0.0[21] 72 5.6[21] 72 2.8[21] 72 66.7[21] 72 2.8[21] 72 0.0[21] 72 0.0[21] 72 2.8[21]
Arabs (Saudi Arabia) Afro-Asiatic (Semitic) 157 1.9[22] 157 5.1[22] 157 0.0[22] 157 7.6[22] 157 7.6[22] 157 40.0[22] 157 3.2[22] 157 0.0[22] 157 5.1[22] 157 1.9[22]
Arabs (UAE) Afro-Asiatic (Semitic) 164 4.3[21] 164 7.3[21] 164 11.6[21] 164 5.5[21] 164 45.1[21] 164 4.3[21] 164 0.0[21] 164 4.9[21] 164 3.0[21]
Arabs (Yemen) Afro-Asiatic (Semitic) 62 0.0[21] 62 0.0[21] 62 0.0[21] 62 12.9[21] 62 3.2[21] 62 82.3[21] 62 1.6[21] 62 0.0[21] 62 0.0[21] 62 0.0[21]
Arabs (Syria) Afro-Asiatic (Semitic) 20 15.0[7] 20 10.0[7] 20 5.0[7] 20 10.0[7] 20 30.0[7] 20 0.0[7] 20 0.0[7] 20 0.0[7] 20 0.0[7]
Arabs (Lebanon) Afro-Asiatic (Semitic) 31 6.4[7] 31 9.7[7] 31 3.2[7] 31 25.8[7] 31 45.2[7] 31 3.2[7] 31 0.0[7] 31 0.0[7] 31 3.2[7]
Arabs (Sudan) Afro-Asiatic (Semitic) 102 15.7[23] 102 3.9[23] 102 16.7[23] 102 47.1[23]
Arabs (Tunisia) Afro-Asiatic (Semitic) 148 6.8[17] 148 0.0[17] 148 0.0[17] 148 49.3[17] 148 1.4[17] 148 35.8[17] 148 0.0[17] 148 0.7[17] 148 0.0[17]
Arabs (Libya) Afro-Asiatic (Semitic) 63 3[24] 63 1.5[24] 63 1.5[24] 63 52.0[24] 63 0.0[24] 63 24.0[24] 63 8.0[24] 63 5.0[24] 63 1.5[24]
Armenians IE (Armenian) 89 24.7[25] 89 5.6[25] 100 5.0[4] 89 3.4[25] 89 29.2[25] 100 11.0[4] 89 3.4[25]
Population Language Family[1] n[2] R1b[3] n R1a n I n E1b1b n E1b1a n J n G n N n T n L n H
Armenians IE (Armenian) 734 32.4[26] 734 5.3[26] 734 5.4[26] 734 1.6[26]
Aromuns (Dukasi, Albania) IE (Italic) 39 2.6[9] 39 2.6[9] 39 17.9[9] 39 17.9[9] 39 0.0[9] 39 48.7[9] 39 10.3[9] 39 0.0[9] 39 0.0[9] 39 0.0[9]
Aromuns (Andon Poci, Albania) IE (Italic) 19 36.8[9] 19 0.0[9] 19 42.1[9] 19 15.8[9] 19 0.0[9] 19 5.3[9] 19 0.0[9] 19 0.0[9] 19 0.0[9] 19 0.0[9]
Aromuns (Kruševo, Macedonia) IE (Italic) 43 27.9[9] 43 11.6[9] 43 20.9[9] 43 20.9[9] 43 0.0[9] 43 11.6[9] 43 7.0[9] 43 0.0[9] 43 0.0[9] 43 0.0[9]
Aromuns (Štip, Macedonia) IE (Italic) 65 23.1[9] 65 21.5[9] 65 16.9[9] 65 18.5[9] 65 0.0[9] 65 20.0[9] 65 0.0[9] 65 0.0[9] 65 0.0[9] 65 0.0[9]
Aromuns (Romania) IE (Italic) 42 23.8[9] 42 2.4[9] 42 19.0[9] 42 7.1[9] 42 0.0[9] 42 33.3[9] 42 0.0[9]
Ashkenazi Jews Afro-Asiatic (Semitic) 79 12.7[19] 79 22.8[19] 79 43.0[19] 79 0.0[19]
Ashkenazi Jews Afro-Asiatic (Semitic) 442 4.1[27] 442 19.7[27] 442 0.2[27] 442 38.0[27] 442 9.7[27] 442 0.2[27] 442 0.2[27]
Austrians IE (Germanic, West) 219 32 219 14
Avars Caucasian (Northeast) 42 2.4[16] 42 2.4[16] 42 0.0[16] 42 7.1[16] 42 71.4[16] 42 0.0[16] 42 0.0[16] 42 4.8[16] 42 9.5[16]
Azerbaijanis Altaic (Turkic, Oghuz) 72 11.1[28] 72 6.9[28] 97 4.1[29]
Bagvalal Northeast Caucasian 28 67.9[16] 28 3.6[16] 28 7.1[16] 28 0.0[16] 28 21.4[16] 28 0.0[16] 28 0.0[16] 28 0.0[16] 28 0.0[16]
Balkarian Altaic (Turkic, Kipchak) 39 2.6[15] 16 25.0[15]
Balkarians Altaic (Turkic, Kipchak) 38 13.2[6] 38 13.2[6] 38 2.6[6] 38 2.6[6] 38 0.0[6] 38 23.7[6] 38 28.9[6] 38 0.0[6] 38 0.0[6] 38 5.3[6]
Baloch IE (Iranian, NW) 25 8.0[13] 25 28.0[13] 25 0.0[13] 25 8.0[13] 25 0.0[13] 25 16.0[13] 25 0.0[13] 25 0.0[13] 25 0.0[13] 25 24.0[13]
Bashkirs (Perm) Altaic (Turkic, Kipchak) 43 86.0[30] 43 9.3 43 0.0 43 0.0 43 0.0 43 0.0 43 2.3 43 2.3 43 0.0 43 0.0
Basque (France, Spain) Basque (Basque) 67 88.1[7] 67 0.0[7] 67 7.5[7] 67 2.2[7] 67 3.0[7] 67 0.0[7] 67 0.0[7] 67 0.0[7] 67 0.0[7]
German Bavarians IE (Germanic, West) 80 50.0[25] 80 15.0[25] 80 8.0[25] 80 5.0[25] 80 0.0[25] 80 0.0[25]
Belgians IE (Germanic/Italic) 92 63.0[25] 92 4.0[25] 92 2.0[25]
Belarusians IE (Slavic, East) 41 0.0[25] 41 39.0[25] 147 19.0[10] 41 10.0[25] 41 2.4[25]
Belarusians IE (Slavic, East) 68 4.4[31] 68 45.6[31] 68 25.0[31] 68 4.4[31] 68 1.5[31] 68 8.8[31]
Belarusians IE (Slavic, East) 306 4.2[32] 306 51.0[32] 306 4.6[32] 306 3.3[32] 306 9.5[32]
Bearnais IE (Italic) 26 7.7[10] 43 3.7[15] 26 3.8[15]
Beja Afro-Asiatic (Cushitic) 42 4.8[23] 42 0.0[23] 42 0.0[23] 42 52.4[23] 42 0.0[23] 42 38.1[23] 42 0.0[23] 42 0.0[23] 42 0.0[23] 42 0.0[23]
Berbers (Moyen Atlas) Afro-Asiatic (Berber) 69 87.1[29]
Berbers (Marrakesh) Afro-Asiatic (Berber) 29 92.9[29]
Berbers (Mozabite) Afro-Asiatic (Berber) 20 80.0[29]
Berbers (Morocco) Afro-Asiatic (Berber) 64 88.2[15] 64 0[15] 103 0[15]
Berbers (north-central Morocco) Afro-Asiatic (Berber) 63 88.8[15] 63 0[15]
Berbers (southern Morocco) Afro-Asiatic (Berber) 40 89[15] 40 0[15]
Bijagós Niger–Congo (Bak) 21 4.8[33] 21 0.0[33] 21 0.0[33] 21 14.3[33] 21 76.2[33] 21 0.0[33] 21 0.0[33] 21 0.0[33] 21 0.0[33] 21 0.0[33]
Borgu (Sudan) Nilo-Saharan (Maban) 26 11.5[23] 26 0.0[23] 26 0.0[23] 26 53.8[23] 26 0.0[23] 26 0.0[23] 26 0.0[23] 26 0.0[23] 26 0.0[23] 26 0.0[23]
Bosnians (Zenica) IE (Slavic, South) 69 1.4[8] 69 24.6[8] 69 42.0[8] 69 10.1[8] 69 0.0[8]
Brahmins (Konkanastha) IE (Indic) 25 0.0[13] 25 48.0[13] 25 0.0[13] 25 0.0[13] 25 0.0[13] 25 16.0[13] 25 0.0[13] 25 0.0[13] 25 0.0[13] 25 4.0[13]
Brahui Dravidian (Northern) 110 39.1[34] 110 0.0[34] 110 2.7[34] 110 28.2[34] 110 0.9[34] 110 7.3[34]
Population Language Family[1] n[2] R1b[3] n R1a n I n E1b1b n E1b1a n J n G n N n T n L n H
Brahui Dravidian (Northern) 25 0.0[13] 25 24.0[13] 25 0.0[13] 25 0.0[13] 25 0.0[13] 25 28.0[13] 25 16.0[13] 25 0.0[13] 25 0.0[13] 25 8.0[13]
British IE (Germanic, West) 32 68.8[35] 32 9.4[35]
Bulgarians IE (Slavic, South) 11.1[36] 6.4[36] 30.2[36] 20.6[36] 17.5[36] 0.8[36]
Bulgarians IE (Slavic, South) 11.0[37] 17.3[37] 27.5[37] 20.5[37] 18.1[37] 0.8[37] 0.8[37]
Bulgarians IE (Slavic, South) 14[38] 16[38] 34[38] 21[38] 9[38] 2[38] 1[38] 2[38]
Burusho Burushaski (isolate) 97 1.0[39] 97 27.8[39] 97 0.0[39] 97 0.0[39] 97 8.2[39] 97 1.0[39] 97 0.0[39] 97 0.0[39] 97 16.5[39]
Catalans IE (Italic) 24 79.2[7] 24 0.0[40] 32 4.2[40] 33 6.1[15] 28 3.6[15] 24 8.0[40]
Cantabrians (Pasiegos) IE (Italic) 56 42.9[29]
Chamalins Caucasian (Northeast) 27 0.0[16] 27 7.4[16] 27 0.0[16] 27 0.0[16] 27 70.4[16] 27 18.5[16] 27 0.0[16] 27 0.0[16] 27 3.7[16]
Chechens Caucasian (Northeast) 19 5.0[4] 19 5.0[4]
Chuvashes Altaic (Turkic, Oghur) 79 3.8[41] 79 31.6[41] 79 11.3[41] 79 0[41] 79 0[41] 79 24.2[41] 79 0[41] 79 27.8[41] 79 0[41] 79 0[41]
Copts (Sudan) Afro-Asiatic (Ancient Egyptian) 33 15.2[23] 33 21.2[23] 33 45.5[23]
Croats (mainland) IE (Slavic, South) 108 15.7[8] 108 34.3[8] 108 37.0[8][42] 108 5.6[8] 108 0.0[8] 108 1.9[8] 108 0.9[8]
Croat (mainland) IE (Slavic, South) 189 38.1[10]
Cypriots IE (Greek) 45 9.0[25] 45 2.0[25] 45 27.0[25]
Czechs IE (Slavic, West) 257 34.2[43] 257 18.3[43] 257 5.8[43] 257 4.7[43] 257 5.1[43] 257 1.6[43]
Czechs and Slovaks IE (Slavic, West) 45 35.6[7] 45 26.7[7] 198 13.6[10] 45 2.2[7]
Danes IE (Germanic, North) 12 41.7[35] 12 16.7[35] 194 38.7[10] 35 2.9[29]
Dargins Caucasian (Northeast) 68 2.9[16] 68 0.0[16] 68 94.1[16] 68 2.9[16] 68 0.0[16] 68 0.0[16] 68 0.0[16]
Dargins Caucasian (Northeast) 26 4.0[4] 26 0.0[4] 26 58.0[4] 26 4.0[4] 26 4.0[4] 26 4.0[4] 26 0.0[4] 26 0.0[4] 26 0.0[4]
Dolgans Altaic (Turkic, Siberian) 67 1.5[41] 67 16.4[41] 67 1.5[41] 67 34.3[41]
Druze (Arabs) Afro-Asiatic (Semitic) 28 14.3[29]
Dutch IE (Germanic, West) 27 70.4[7] 27 3.7[7] 30 26.7[10] 84 8.0[25] 34 0[15]
Egyptians Afro-Asiatic (Semitic) 92 5.4[44] 92 0.0[44] 92 1.1[44] 92 43.5[44] 92 3.3[44] 92 22.8[44] 92 2.2[44] 92 0.0[44] 92 7.6[44] 92 0.0[44]
Egyptians (North) Afro-Asiatic (Semitic) 43 9.3[45] 43 2.3[45] 43 0.0[45] 43 53.5[45] 44 18.2[17] 43 7.0[45] 43 2.3[45] 43 0.0[45]
Egyptians (South) Afro-Asiatic (Semitic) 29 13.8[45] 29 0.0[45] 29 3.4[45] 29 31.0[45] 29 24.1[17] 29 17.2[45] 29 10.3[45] 29 0.0[45]
English (Central) IE (Germanic, West) 215 61.9[46] 215 3.3[46]
Estonians Uralic (Finnic) 207 9.0[25] 118 37.3[47] 210 18.6[10] 207 3.0[25] 207 1.0[25] 207 40.6[25]
Finns Uralic (Finnic) 57 2.0[25] 57 10.5[25] 57 2.0[25] 57 63.2[25]
Finns Uralic (Finnic) 38 0.0[41] 38 7.9[41] 38 28.9[41] 38 63.2[41]
French IE (Italic) 23 52.2[7] 23 0[7] 23 17.4[10] 40 8.0[25]
Frisians IE (Germanic, West) 94 56.0[48] 94 7.0[48] 94 29.0[48] 94 2.0[48] 94 6.0[48]
Frieslanders (Netherlands) IE (Germanic, West) 94 55.3[46] 94 7.4[46] 94 34.0[46] 94 2.1[46] 94 1.4[46]
Fulbe (Guinea-Bissau) Niger–Congo (Senegambian) 59 1.7[33] 59 0.0[33] 59 0.0[33] 59 13.6[33] 59 74.6[33] 59 0.0[33] 59 0.0[33] 59 0.0[33] 59 0.0[33] 59 0.0[33]
Fur Nilo-Saharan (Fur) 32 0.0[23] 32 0.0[23] 32 0.0[23] 32 59.4[23] 32 0.0[23] 32 6.3[23] 32 0.0[23] 32 0.0[23] 32 0.0[23] 32 0.0[23]
Gagauz (Kongaz) Altaic (Turkic, Oghuz) 48 10.4[49] 48 12.5[49] 48 31.3[49] 48 16.7[49] 48 8.3[49] 48 10.4[49] 48 4.2[49] 48 6.3[49]
Gagauz (Etulia) Altaic (Turkic, Oghuz) 41 14.6[49] 41 26.8[49] 41 24.4[49] 41 9.8[49] 41 7.3[49] 41 17.1[49] 41 0.0[49] 41 0.0[49]
Population Language Family[1] n[2] R1b[3] n R1a n I n E1b1b n E1b1a n J n G n N n T n L n H
Germans (West) IE (German) 48 47.9[7][35] 48 8.1[7][35] 16 37.5[10] 16 6.2[7]
Germans (East) IE (German)
Germans (Berlin) IE (German) 103 23.3[50] 103 22.3[50] 103 32[50] 103 9.7[50] 103 1.3[50]
Georgians Caucasian (South) 63 14.3[7] 63 7.9[7] 63 0.0[7] 64 2.0[25] 63 36.5[7] 63 30.1[7] 63 1.6[7] 63 1.6[7]
Georgians Caucasian (South) 66 9.1[6] 66 10.6[6] 66 1.5[6] 66 3.0[6] 66 0.0[6] 66 36.4[6] 66 31.8[6] 66 0.0[6] 66 1.5[6] 66 1.5[6]
Greeks IE (Greek) 19.6[6] 16.3[6] 9.9[6] 21.8[6] 22.9[6] 3.3[6] 4.3[6] 1.1[6]
Greeks IE (Greek) 77 11.7[39] 77 15.6[39] 77 19.5[39] 77 20.8[39] 77 77 16.9[39] 77 9.1[39] 77 0.0[39] 77 2.6[39]
Greeks IE (Greek) 118 22.8[7][35] 118 8.3[7][35] 261 13.8[10] 84 23.8[15] 92 6.5[15]
Greeks IE (Greek) 171 13.5[51] 171 11.1 171 15.8 171 31.6 171 19.9 171 4.7 171 1.8
Greeks (Crete) IE (Greek) 193 17.0[51] 193 8.8 193 13.0 193 8.8 193 38.9 193 10.9 193 2.1
Greeks (Peloponnese) IE (Greek) 36 47[15]
Greeks (Thrace) IE (Greek) 41 12.2[9] 41 22.0[9] 41 19.5[9] 41 19.5[9] 41 0.0[9] 41 19.5[9] 41 4.9[9]
Greeks (North) IE (Greek) 96 14.6[45] 96 18.8[45] 96 12.5[45] 96 35.4[45] 96 5.2[45] 96 2.1[45] 96 1.0[45]
Greeks (South) IE (Greek) 46 19.6[45] 46 2.2[45] 46 23.9[45] 46 43.5[45] 46 6.5[45] 46 2.2[45] 46 0.0[45]
Hausa (Sudan) Afro-Asiatic (Chadic) 32 40.6[23] 32 0.0[23] 32 0.0[23] 32 3.1[23] 32 12.5[23] 32 0.0[23] 32 0.0[23] 32 0.0[23] 32 0.0[23] 32 0.0[23]
Herero Niger–Congo (Bantu, Central) 24 12.5[44] 24 4.2[44] 24 4.2[44] 24 0.0[44] 24 70.8[44] 24 4.2[44] 24 0.0[44] 24 0.0[44] 24 0.0[44] 24 0.0[44]
Herzegovinians (Mostar, Široki Brijeg) IE (Slavic, South) 141 3.6[8] 141 12.1[8] 141 63.8[8] 141 8.5[8] 141 0.7[8]
Hui (Ningxia) Sino-Tibetan (Sinitic) 54 3.7[52] 54 11.1[52] 54 0.0[52] 54 0.0[52] 54 9.3[52] 54 1.9[52] 54 0.0[52] 54 1.9[52]
Hungarians Uralic (Ugric) 45 13.3[7] 113 20.4[41] 162 22.8[10] 53 9.4[15] 49 2.0[15] 103 8.0[53] 103 1.0
Icelanders IE (Germanic, North) 181 41.4[35] 181 23.8[35] 181 34.2[35]
Ingush Caucasian (Northeast) 27 5.0[4]
Iranians (North Iran) IE (Iranian, West) 33 15.2[54] 33 6.1[54] 33 0.0[54] 33 0.0[54] 33 0.0[54] 33 33.3[54] 33 15.2[54] 33 6.1[54] 33 0.0[54] 33 3.0[54]
Iranians (South Iran) IE (Iranian, West) 117 6.0[54] 117 16.2[54] 117 0.0[54] 117 5.1[54] 117 1.7[54] 117 35.0[54] 117 12.8[54] 117 0.9[54] 117 3.4[54] 117 6.0[54]
Irish IE (Celtic) 222 81.5[35] 222 0.5[35] 257 2.0[25]
Italians IE (Italic) 50 62.0[40] 332 2.7[35] 50 8.0[40] 99 13.0[25] 50 10.0[40]
Italians (Calabria) IE (Italic) 37 32.4[7] 148 5.4[10] 80 16.3[8] 57 1.8[15]
Italians (Apulia) IE (Italic) 78 2.6[10] 86 13.9[15] 86 31.4[15]
Italians (Sardinia) IE (Italic) 77 22.1[7] 142 42.3[10] 139 5.0[15] 144 12.5[15]
Italians (Northern Sardinia) IE (Italic) 86 20.0[45] 86 0.0[45] 86 28.0[45] 86 13.0[45] 86 21.0[45] 86 0.0[45] 86 0.0[45]
Italians (Southern Sardinia) IE (Italic) 187 19.0[45] 187 1.0[45] 187 35.0[45] 187 11.0[45] 187 14.0[45] 187 0.0[45] 187 0.0[45]
Italians (North-central) IE (Italic) 50 62.0[7] 390 0.5[10] 212 10.4[8] 52 26.9[15]
Italians (South) IE (Italic) 68 20.0[45] 68 3.0[45] 68 6.0[45] 68 26.0[45] 68 15.0[45] 68 3.0[45] 68 0.0[45]
Italians (Sicily) IE (Italic) 51 8.8 55 27.3[15] 42 23.8[15]
Italians (East Sicily) IE (Italic) 87 20.0[45] 87 2.3[45] 87 5.0[45] 87 29.0[45] 87 5.0[45] 87 5.0[45] 87 0.0[45]
Italians (West Sicily) IE (Italic) 125 27.0[45] 125 2.4[45] 125 11.0[45] 125 19.0[45] 125 13.0[45] 125 3.0[45] 125 0.0[45]
Iyengar Dravidian (Southern) 30 0.0[13] 30 30.0[13] 30 0.0[13] 30 0.0[13] 30 0.0[13] 30 20.0[13] 30 13.3[13] 30 0.0[13] 30 0.0[13] 30 16.7[13]
Iyer Dravidian (Southern) 29 0.0[13] 29 27.6[13] 29 0.0[13] 29 0.0[13] 29 0.0[13] 29 17.2[13] 29 10.3[13] 29 0.0[13] 29 0.0[13] 29 17.2[13]
Population Language Family[1] n[2] R1b[3] n R1a n I n E1b1b n E1b1a n J n G n N n T n L n H
Kabardinian Caucasian (Northwest) 29.0[4]
Kalash (Pakistan) IE (Dardic) 44 18.2[39] 44 0.0[39] 44 0.0[39] 44 9.1[39] 44 18.2[39] 44 0.0[39] 44 0.0[39] 44 25.0[39]
Karakalpaks Altaic (Turkic, Kipchak) 44 9.1[55] 44 18.2[55] 44 0.0[55] 44 0.0[55] 44 4.5[55]
Kazakhs Altaic (Turkic, Kipchak) 54 5.6[55] 54 3.7[55] 54 0.0[55] 54 0.0[55] 38 0.0 54 1.9[55] 54 0.0[55]
Khants Uralic (Ugric) 47 19.1[41] 47 4.3[41] 47 0.0[41] 47 76.6[41]
Komi Uralic (Finnic) 94 16.0[41] 94 33.0 94 5.3 94 35.1
Komi (Izhemsky) Uralic (Finnic) 54 0.0[56] 54 29.6[56] 54 1.9[56] 54 0.0[56] 54 0.0[56] 54 0.0[56] 54 0.0[56] 54 68.5[56] 54 0.0[56] 54 0.0[56]
Komi (Priluzsky) Uralic (Finnic) 49 2.0[56] 49 32.7[56] 49 4.1[56] 49 0.0[56] 49 0.0[56] 49 0.0[56] 49 0.0[56] 49 61.2[56] 49 0.0[56] 49 0.0[56]
Kumyks Altaic (Turkic, Kipchak) 76 19.7[16] 76 13.2[16] 76 0.0[16] 76 2.6[16] 76 46.1[16] 76 11.8[16] 76 0.0[16] 76 1.3[16] 76 0.0[16]
Kurds (Northern Iraq) IE (Iranian, NW) 95 16.8[19] 95 11.6[19] 95 16.8[19] 95 7.4[19] 95 40.0[19] 95 4.2[19] 95 3.2[19]
Kyrgyz Altaic (Turkic, Kipchak) 52 1.9[55] 52 63.5[55] 52 1.9[55] 52 0.0[55] 41 4.9 41 2.4 52 0.0[55]
Latvians IE (Baltic) 34 15.0[25] 114 39.5[25] 86 7.0[10] 114 0.9[47] 114 42.1[47]
Lebanese Afro-Asiatic (Semitic) 914 8.1[57] 914 2.5[45] 914 4.8[45] 914 16.2[45] 914 0.7[45] 914 46.1[45] 914 6.6[45] 914 0.1[45] 914 4.7[45] 914 5.2[45]
Lezgins Caucasian (Northeast) 31 16.1[16] 31 0.0[16] 31 9.7[16] 31 6.5[16] 31 58.1[16] 31 9.7[16] 31 0.0[16] 31 0.0[16] 31 0.0[16]
Lithuanians IE (Baltic) 38 5.0[25] 114 36.0[47] 114 0.9[47] 114 43.0[47]
ethnic Macedonians (Skopje) IE (Slavic, South) 79 5.1[8] 79 15.2[8] 79 34.2[8] 79 24.1[8] 79 12.7[7][8][15] 79 5.1[8]
Macedonians (Skopje) IE (Slavic, South) 52 13.5[9] 52 13.5[9] 52 28.8[9] 52 23.1[9] 52 11.5[9] 52 3.8[9]
Macedonian Romani (Skopje) IE (Indic) 57 1.8[8] 57 1.8[8] 57 3.5[8] 57 29.8[8] 57 1.8[8]
Maltese Afro-Asiatic (Semitic) 187 22.0[45] 187 5.0[45] 187 9.0[45] 187 6.0[45] 187 9.0[45] 187 0.0[45] 187 0.0[45]
Mandenka (Guinea-Bissau) Niger–Congo (Manding) 45 0.0[33] 45 0.0[33] 45 0.0[33] 45 4.4[33] 45 86.7[33] 45 0.0[33] 45 0.0[33] 45 0.0[33] 45 0.0[33] 45 0.0[33]
Maratha IE (Indic) 20 0.0[13] 20 10.0[13] 20 0.0[13] 20 0.0[13] 20 15.0[13] 20 15.0[13]
Moldavians (Karahasani) IE (Italic) 72 16.7[49] 72 34.7[49] 72 25.0[49] 72 12.5[49] 72 9.7[49] 72 0.0[49] 72 1.4[49] 72 0.0[49]
Moldavians (Sofia) IE (Italic) 54 16.7[49] 54 20.4[49] 54 35.2[49] 54 13.0[49] 54 5.6[49] 54 1.9[49] 54 3.7[49] 54 1.9[49]
Erzya Uralic (Finnic) 46 39.1[58]
Moksha Uralic (Finnic) 46 21.7[58]
Moksha Uralic (Finnic) 83 13.3[41] 83 26.5 83 19.3 83 19.3
Mari Uralic (Finnic) 111 2.7[41] 111 47.7 111 8.1 111 41.4
Mari Uralic (Finnic) 48 10.4[25] 48 29.2 48 0.0 48 6.3 48 50.0
Masalit Nilo-Saharan (Maban) 32 0.0[23] 32 0.0[23] 32 0.0[23] 32 71.9[23] 32 0.0[23] 32 6.3[23] 32 0.0[23] 32 0.0[23] 32 0.0[23] 32 0.0[23]
Mongolians Altaic (Mongolic) 65 9.2[59] 149 0.0[60] 149 2.7[60] 149 0.7[60] 149 8.1[60] 149 0.0[60] 149 0.0[60]
Norwegians IE (Germanic, North) 112 25.9[35] 112 17.9[35] 72 40.3[10]
Norwegians IE (Germanic, North) 52 30.8[25] 52 1.9[25] 52 1.9[25] 52 3.8[25] 52 0.0[25] 52 0.0[25]
Nubians (Sudan) Nilo-Saharan (Eastern Sudanic) 39 10.3[23] 39 0.0[23] 39 5.1[23] 39 23.1[23] 39 0.0[23] 39 43.6[23] 39 0.0[23] 39 0.0[23] 39 0.0[23]
Orcadians IE (Celtic/Germanic) 71 66.0[48] 71 19.7[48]
Oromo Afro-Asiatic (Cushitic) 78 0.0[14] 78 0.0[14] 78 0.0[14] 78 79.5[14] 78 3.8[14] 78 0.0[14] 78 0.0[14] 78 5.1[14] 78 0.0[14]
Population Language Family[1] n[2] R1b[3] n R1a n I n E1b1b n E1b1a n J n G n N n T n L n H
Ossetians IE (Iranian, NE) 47 42.6[25] 47 2.1[25] 47 6.0[25] 47 34.0[25] 60.0[61]
Pallan Dravidian (Southern) 29 3.4[13] 29 24.1[13] 29 0.0[13] 29 0.0[13] 29 0.0[13] 29 13.8[13] 29 0.0[13] 29 0.0[13] 29 0.0[13] 29 17.2[13]
Pashtuns IE (Iranian, SE) 96 4.2[39] 96 44.8[39] 96 0.0[39] 96 2.1[39] 96 6.3[39] 96 11.5[39] 96 0.0[39] 96 1.0[39] 96 12.5[39]
Poles IE (Slavic, West) 55 16.4[7] 55 56.4[7] 191 17.8[10] 99 4.0[15] 97 1.0[15]
Poles IE (Slavic, West) 93 13.4[41] 93 55.9[41] 93 16.1[41] 93 3.2[41]
Portuguese IE (Italic) 303 5.3[10]
Portuguese (South) IE (Italic) 57 56.0[25] 57 2.0[25] 57 17.0[25]
Portuguese (North) IE (Italic) 328 62.0[25] 328 0[25] 328 11.0[25]
Rajputs IE (Indic) 29 0.0[13] 29 31.0[13] 29 0.0[13] 29 0.0[13] 29 17.2[13] 29 6.9[13]
Romani (Gypsy) IE (Indic) 60[8]
Romanians IE (Italic) 54 13.0[49] 54 20.4[49] 54 48.1[49] 54 7.4[49] 54 5.6[49] 54 5.6[49] 54 0.0[49] 54 0.0[49]
Romanians IE (Italic) 361 22.2[10]
Romanians (Constanţa) IE (Italic) 31 16.1[9] 31 9.7[9] 31 41.9[9] 31 9.7[9] 31 0.0[9] 31 6.5[9] 31 12.9[9] 31 0.0[9] 31 0.0[9] 31 0.0[9]
Romanians (Ploieşti) IE (Italic) 36 8.3[9] 36 5.6[9] 36 38.9[9] 36 16.7[9] 36 0.0[9] 36 19.4[9] 36 8.3[9] 36 0.0[9] 36 0.0[9] 36 0.0[9]
Russians IE (Slavic, East) 122 6.6[25] 122 46.7[25] 122 6.6[25] 122 4.1[25] 122 18.0[25]
Russians IE (Slavic, East) 414 6.8[62] 414 48.3[62] 414 15.9[62] 414 4.8[62] 414 0.0[62] 414 1.4[62] 414 1.2[62] 414 14.0[62]
Russians (Northern)(Arkhangelsk region) IE (Slavic, East) 114 14.0[63] 114 40.0[63] 114 5.3[63] 114 0.0[63] 114 0.0[63] 114 0.9[63] 114 1.3[63] 114 39.3[63] 114 114
Russians (Central) IE (Slavic, East) 364 7.7[63] 364 47.0[63] 364 16.5[63] 364 5.0[63] 364 0.0[63] 364 3.3[63] 364 0.0[63] 364 16.0[63] 364
Russians (Southerns) IE (Slavic, East) 484 4.8[63] 484 56.9[63] 484 21.0[63] 484 1.8[63] 484 0.0[63] 484 3.5[63] 484 1.0[63] 484 10.0[63]
Russians

(Oryol region)

 IE (Slavic, East) 110 3.6[63] 110 62.7[63] 110 22.7[63] 110 0.9[63] 110 0.0[63] 110 0.9[63] 110 0.0[63] 110 5.4[63]
Russians

(Voronezh region)

 IE (Slavic, East) 96 5.2[63] 96 59.4[63] 96 20.8[63] 96 1.0[63] 96 0.0[63] 96 3.1[63] 96 2.1[63] 96 6.3[63]
Russians

(Tver region)

 IE (Slavic, East) 73 6.8[63] 73 56.2[63] 73 15.0[63] 73 4.1[63] 73 0.0[63] 73 4.1[63] 73 0.0[63] 73 11.0[63]
Russians (Kuban Cossacks) IE (Slavic, East) 90 8.8[63] 90 47.3[63] 90 24.2[63] 90 3.3[63] 90 0.0[63] 90 4.4[63] 90 1.1[63] 90 7.7[63]
Russians (Novgorod region) IE (Slavic, East) 38 8.1[62] 38 54.1[62] 38 10.8[62]
Sami (Sweden) Uralic (Finnic) 38 7.9[64] 38 15.8[64] 38 31.6[64] 38 0.0[64] 38 0.0[64] 38 0.0[64] 38 0.0[64] 38 44.7[64] 38 0.0[64] 38 0.0[64]
Sami Uralic (Finnic) 127 3.9[41] 127 11.0[41] 35 31.4[10] 14[65] 127 47.2[41]
Saharawish (Morocco) Afro-Asiatic (Semitic) 29 79.3[15] 29 3.4[15] 29 17.2[15]
Scots IE (Celtic) 61 77.1[35] 61 6.6[35] 178 11.2[10]
Serbs (Serbia) IE (Slavic, South) 113 10.6[8] 113 15.9[8] 113 36.3[8] 113 21.2[8] 113 8[8]
Serbs (Bosnia) IE (Slavic, South) 81 6.2[6] 81 13.6[6] 81 40.7[6] 81 22.2[6] 81 0.0[6] 81 9.9[6] 81 1.2[6] 81 6.2[6] 81 0.0[6] 81 0.0[6]
Slovenians IE (Slavic, South) 75 21.3[6] 75 38.7[6] 75 30.7[6] 75 2.7[6] 75 0.0[6] 75 4.0[6] 75 2.7[6] 75 0.0[6] 75 0.0[6] 75 0.0[6]
Slovenian IE (Slavic, South) 70 37.1[25] 70 7.1[25] 70 5.7[25] 70 0.0[25] 70 0.0[25] 70 0.0[25]
Slovenian IE (Slavic, South) 55 38.2[10]
Population Language Family[1] n[2] R1b[3] n R1a n I n E1b1b n E1b1a n J n G n N n T n L n H
Somalis Afro-Asiatic (Cushitic) 201 0.0[66] 201 1.0[66] 201 0.0[66] 201 81.1[66] 201 1.5[66] 201 3.0[66] 201 0.5[66] 201 0.0[66] 201 10.4[66] 201 0.0[66]
Spanish IE (Italic) 126 68.0[25] 126 2.0[25] 126 10.0[25]
Spanish (Ibiza) IE (Italic) 54 57.4[45] 54 0.0[45] 54 1.9[45] 54 7.4[45] 54 13.0[45] 54 16.7[45] 54 0.0[45]
Spanish (Majorca) IE (Italic) 62 66.1[45] 62 0.0[45] 62 8.1[45] 62 6.2[45] 62 6.2[45] 62 1.6[45] 62 0.0[45]
Spanish (Minorca) IE (Italic) 37 73.0[45] 37 2.7[45] 37 2.7[45] 37 18.9[45] 37 0.0[45] 37 0.0[45] 37 0.0[45]
Spanish (South) IE (Italic) 162 65.0[45] 162 2.0[45] 162 6.0[45] 162 9.0[45] 162 4.0[45] 162 0.0[45] 162 0.0[45]
Spanish (Valencia) IE (Italic) 73 64.0[45] 73 3.0[45] 73 10.0[45] 73 11.0[45] 73 1.0[45] 73 1.0[45] 73 0.0[45]
Swedes (Northern) IE (Germanic, North) 48 22.9[25] 48 18.8[25] 57 26.3[10] 48 2.1[25] 48 2.1[25] 48 8.3[25]
Swedes IE (Germanic, North) 110 20.0[35] 110 17.3[35] 225 40[10]
Swedes IE (Germanic, North) 160 13.1[67] 160 24.4[67] 160 37.5[67] 160 1.3[67] 160 0.0[67] 160 14.4[67]
Swiss IE (German/Italic) 144 7.6[10]
Tabassarans Caucasian (Northeast) 43 39.5[16] 43 2.3[16] 43 0.0[16] 43 0.0[16] 43 51.2[16] 43 0.0[16] 43 0.0[16] 43 0.0[16] 43 0.0[16]
Tatars Altaic (Turkic, Kipchak) 126 8.7[41] 126 34.1[41] 126 4.0 126 23.0
Turkmens Altaic (Turkic, Oghuz) 30 36.7[55] 30 6.7[55] 30 0.0[55] 30 0.0[55] 21 23.8 21 9.5 30 0.0[55]
Turks Altaic (Turkic, Oghuz) 523 16.1[68] 523 6.9[68] 741 5.1[10] 523 11.3[68] 523 33.5[68] 523 10.9[68] 523 3.8[68] 523 2.5[68] 523 4.2[68]
Turks Altaic (Turkic, Oghuz) 167 20.4[25] 167 4.8[25] 167 10.2[25] 167 32.9[25] 167 2.4[25]
Turks Altaic (Turkic, Oghuz) 59 20.3[66] 59 11.9[66] 59 6.8[66] 59 13.6[66] 59 30.5[66] 59 8.5[66] 59 1.7[66] 59 0.0[66]
Turks (Central Anatolia) Altaic (Turkic, Oghuz) 61 6.6[8]
Turks (Istanbul) Altaic (Turkic, Oghuz) 46 13.0[15] 73 24.7[15]
Turks (Konya) Altaic (Turkic, Oghuz) 117 14.5[15] 129 31.8[15]
Turks (Cypriot) Altaic (Turkic, Oghuz) 46 13.0[29]
Turks (Southeastern) Altaic (Turkic, Oghuz) 24 4.2[29]
Turks (Erzurum) Altaic (Turkic, Oghuz) 25 4.0[29]
Udmurt Uralic (Finnic) 87 2.3[41] 87 10.3[41] 87 1.1[41] 87 85.1[41]
Ukrainians IE (Slavic, East) 50 2.0[7] 50 54.0[7] 50 18.0[7] 50 4.0[7] 50 6.0[7] 50 4.0[7] 50 6.0[7] 50 2.0[7] 50 0.0[7]
Ukrainians IE (Slavic, East) 53 18.9[49] 53 41.5[49] 53 24.5[49] 93 7.5[8] 53 9.4[49] 53 0.0[49] 53 5.7[49] 53 0.0[49]
Uyghurs (Kazakhstan) Altaic (Turkic, Karluk) 41 0.0[55] 41 22.0[55] 41 2.4[55] 41 0.0[55] 41 0.0[55] 33 27.3[69] 41 2.4[55] 41 0.0[55] 41 2.4[55]
Uyghurs (Xinjiang) Altaic (Turkic, Karluk) 68 17.6[52] 68 22.1[52] 68 0.0[52] 68 0.0[52] 68 0.0[52] 68 10.3[52] 68 4.4[52] 67 6.0[60] 67 0.0[60] 68 4.4[52]
Uyghurs (Ürümqi) Altaic (Turkic, Karluk) 49 8.2[70] 49 28.6[70] 49 0.0[70] 49 0.0[70] 49 18.4[70]
Uyghurs (Northwest China) Altaic (Turkic) 50 16.0[71] 50 34.0[71] 50 2.0[71]
Uyghurs (Ürümqi) Altaic (Turkic, Karluk) 31 19.4[59] 31 22.6[59] 31 6.5[59] 31 25.8[59] 31 9.7[59] 31 0.0[59] 31 0.0[59]
Uyghurs (Yili) Altaic (Turkic, Karluk) 39 15.4[59] 39 15.4[59] 39 0.0[59] 39 0.0[59] 39 7.7[59]
Uzbeks Altaic (Turkic, Karluk) 366 9.8[55] 366 25.1[55] 366 2.2[55] 366 2.5[55] 28 21.4[69] 28 0.0[69] 366 3.0[55]
Vanniyar Dravidian (Southern) 25 0.0[13] 25 8.0[13] 25 0.0[13] 25 0.0[13] 25 16.0[13] 25 20.0[13]
Vellalar Dravidian (Southern) 31 0.0[13] 31 12.9[13] 31 0.0[13] 31 0.0[13] 31 0.0[13] 31 38.7[13] 31 0.0[13] 31 0.0[13] 31 0.0[13] 31 16.1[13]
Welsh (Anglesey) IE (Celtic) 88 89.0[48] 88 1.0[48] 196 8.1[10] 88 3.0[48]
Population Language Family[1] n[2] R1b[3] n R1a n I n E1b1b n E1b1a n J n G n N n T n L n H
Yagnobis IE (Iranian, NE) 31 32.3[55] 31 16.1[55] 31 0.0[55] 31 0.0[55] 31 32.3[55] 31 0.0[55] 31 9.7[55]
Yakuts Altaic (Turkic, Siberian) 155 1.9[41] 155 1.9[41] 155 1.3[41] 155 88.4[41]
Yakuts Altaic (Turkic, Siberian) 10 80.0[11]
Yorubas Niger–Congo (West) 21 4.8[72] 28 93.1[73]
Population Language[1] n[2] R1b[3] n R1a n I n E1b1b n E1b1a n J n G n N n T n L n H
This list is incomplete; you can help by expanding it.

The tree below shows the descent of the major Y Chromosomal groups from the so-called Y-Chromosomal Adam.

Phylogenetic tree of human Y-chromosome DNA haplogroups [χ 1][χ 2]
"Y-chromosomal Adam"
A00 A0-T [χ 3]
A0 A1 [χ 4]
A1a A1b
A1b1 BT
B CT
DE CF
D E C F
F1  F2  F3  GHIJK
G HIJK
IJK H
IJ   K
I J    LT [χ 5]  K2
L T [χ 6] NO [χ 7] K2b [χ 8]     K2c  K2d  K2e [χ 9]
N   O   K2b1 [χ 10]     P
K2b1a[χ 11]     K2b1b K2b1c      M     P1 P2
K2b1a1   K2b1a2   K2b1a3 S [χ 12] Q   R
  1. ↑ Van Oven M, Van Geystelen A, Kayser M, Decorte R, Larmuseau HD (2014). "Seeing the wood for the trees: a minimal reference phylogeny for the human Y chromosome". Human Mutation. 35 (2): 187–91. doi:10.1002/humu.22468. PMID 24166809.
  2. ↑ International Society of Genetic Genealogy (ISOGG; 2015), Y-DNA Haplogroup Tree 2015. (Access date: 1 February 2015.)
  3. ↑ Haplogroup A0-T is also known as A0'1'2'3'4.
  4. ↑ Haplogroup A1 is also known as A1'2'3'4.
  5. ↑ Haplogroup LT (L298/P326) is also known as Haplogroup K1.
  6. ↑ Between 2002 and 2008, Haplogroup T (M184) was known as "Haplogroup K2" – that name has since been re-assigned to K-M526, the sibling of Haplogroup LT.
  7. ↑ Haplogroup NO (M214) is also known as Haplogroup K2a (although the present Haplogroup K2e was also previously known as "K2a").
  8. ↑ Haplogroup K2b (M1221/P331/PF5911) is also known as Haplogroup MPS.
  9. ↑ Haplogroup K2e (K-M147) was previously known as "Haplogroup X" and "K2a" (but is a sibling subclade of the present K2a, also known as Haplogroup NO).
  10. ↑ Haplogroup K2b1 (P397/P399) is similar to the former Haplogroup MS, but has a broader and more complex internal structure.
  11. ↑ Haplogroup K2b1a has also been known as Haplogroup S-P405.
  12. ↑ Haplogroup S (S-M230), also known as K2b1a4, was previously known as Haplogroup K5.

See also

References

  1. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 IE = Indo-European
  2. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 First column gives the amount of total Sample Size studied
  3. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 Second column gives the Percentage of the particular haplogroup among the Sample Size
  4. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 Nasidze et al., (2004)Mitochondrial DNA and Y-Chromosome Variation in the Caucasus
  5. 1 2 Although the chart here says J, this group has mainly only J2
  6. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50 51 52 53 54 55 56 57 58 59 60 61 62 63 64 65 66 67 68 69 70 71 72 73 74 Battaglia, Vincenza; Fornarino, Simona; Al-Zahery, Nadia; Olivieri, Anna; Pala, Maria; Myres, Natalie M; King, Roy J; Rootsi, Siiri; et al. (24 December 2008). "Y-chromosomal evidence of the cultural diffusion of agriculture in southeast Europe" (PDF). European Journal of Human Genetics. 17 (6): 820–30. doi:10.1038/ejhg.2008.249. PMC 2947100Freely accessible. PMID 19107149.
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  8. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 Peričić, Marijana; Lauc LB, Klaric IM, Rootsi S, Janicijevic B, Rudan I, Terzic R, Colak I, Kvesic A, Popovic D, Sijacki A, Behluli I, Dordevic D, Efremovska L, Bajec DD, Stefanovic BD, Villems R, Rudan P (October 2005). "High-resolution phylogenetic analysis of southeastern Europe traces major episodes of paternal gene flow among Slavic populations". Molecular Biology and Evolution. 22 (10): 1964–75. doi:10.1093/molbev/msi185. PMID 15944443. Cite uses deprecated parameter |coauthors= (help) Haplogroup frequency data in table 1
  9. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50 51 52 53 54 55 56 57 58 59 60 61 62 63 64 65 66 67 68 69 70 71 72 73 74 75 76 77 78 79 80 81 82 83 84 85 86 87 Bosch, E.; Calafell, F.; González-Neira, A.; Flaiz, C; Mateu, E; Scheil, HG; Huckenbeck, W; Efremovska, L; et al. (2006). "Paternal and maternal lineages in the Balkans show a homogeneous landscape over linguistic barriers, except for the isolated Aromuns". Annals of Human Genetics. 70 (Pt 4): 459–87. doi:10.1111/j.1469-1809.2005.00251.x. PMID 16759179.
  10. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 Rootsi et al. (2004).
  11. 1 2 Y-chromosome haplogroup N dispersals from south Siberia to Europe. Derenko et al.
  12. 1 2 Khar'kov, VN; Stepanov, VA; Medvedeva, OF; Spiridonova, MG; Voevoda, MI; Tadinova, VN; Puzyrev, VP (2007). "Gene pool differences between Northern and Southern Altaians inferred from the data on Y-chromosomal haplogroups". Genetika. 43 (5): 675–87. PMID 17633562.
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  14. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 Semino, O; Santachiara-Benerecetti, AS; Falaschi, F; Cavalli-Sforza, LL; Underhill, PA (2002). "Ethiopians and Khoisan Share the Deepest Clades of the Human Y-Chromosome Phylogeny". American Journal of Human Genetics. 70 (1): 265–8. doi:10.1086/338306. PMC 384897Freely accessible. PMID 11719903.
  15. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 Semino et al. (2004).
  16. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50 51 52 53 54 55 56 57 58 59 60 61 62 63 64 65 66 67 68 69 70 Yunusbaev 2006
  17. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 Arredi, B; Poloni, ES; Paracchini, S; Zerjal, T; Fathallah, DM; Makrelouf, M; Pascali, VL; Novelletto, A; Tyler-Smith, C (2004). "A Predominantly Neolithic Origin for Y-Chromosomal DNA Variation in North Africa". American Journal of Human Genetics. 75 (2): 338–45. doi:10.1086/423147. PMC 1216069Freely accessible. PMID 15202071.
  18. 1 2 3 4 5 Robino et al. (2008), Analysis of Y-chromosomal SNP haplogroups in an Algerian population sample
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  20. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 Luis, JR; Rowold, DJ; Regueiro, M; Caeiro, B; Cinnioğlu, C; Roseman, C; Underhill, PA; Cavalli-Sforza, LL; Herrera, RJ (2004). "The Levant versus the Horn of Africa: Evidence for Bidirectional Corridors of Human Migrations" (PDF). American Journal of Human Genetics. 74 (3): 532–44. doi:10.1086/382286. PMC 1182266Freely accessible. PMID 14973781. Archived from the original (PDF) on February 16, 2012. (Errata Archived February 16, 2012, at the Wayback Machine.)
  21. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 Cadenas, Alicia M; Zhivotovsky, Lev A; Cavalli-Sforza, Luca L; Underhill, PA; Herrera, RJ (2008). "Y-chromosome diversity characterizes the Gulf of Oman". European Journal of Human Genetics. 16 (3): 374–86. doi:10.1038/sj.ejhg.5201934. PMID 17928816.
  22. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Abu-Amero, KK; Hellani, A; González, AM; Larruga, JM; Cabrera, VM; Underhill, PA (2009). "Saudi Arabian Y-Chromosome diversity and its relationship with nearby regions". BMC genetics. 10: 59. doi:10.1186/1471-2156-10-59. PMC 2759955Freely accessible. PMID 19772609.
  23. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50 51 52 53 54 55 56 57 58 59 60 61 62 63 64 65 66 97/445, O. Hassan et al. (2008), Y-Chromosome Variation Among Sudanese: Restricted Gene Flow, Concordance With Language, Geography, and History, American journal of physical anthropology
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  26. 1 2 3 4 Michael E. Weale, Levon Yepiskoposyan, Rolf F. Jager, Nelli Hovhannisyan, Armine Khudoyan, Oliver Burbage-Hall, Neil Bradman, Mark G. Thomas, "Armenian Y chromosome haplotypes reveal strong regional structure within a single ethno-national group," Human Genetics (2001) 109 : 659–674.
  27. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 Doron M. Behar, Daniel Garrigan, Matthew E. Kaplan et al., "Contrasting patterns of Y chromosome variation in Ashkenazi Jewish and host non-Jewish European populations," Human Genetics (2004) 114 : 354–365.
  28. 1 2 Nasidze2001
  29. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Cruciani; La Fratta, Roberta; Santolamazza, Piero; Sellitto, Daniele; Pascone, Roberto; Moral, Pedro; Watson, Elizabeth; Guida, Valentina; Colomb, Eliane Beraud; Zaharova, Boriana; Lavinha, João; Vona, Giuseppe; Aman, Rashid; Calì, Francesco; Akar, Nejat; Richards, Martin; Torroni, Antonio; Novelletto, Andrea; Scozzari, Rosaria; et al. (May 2004). "Phylogeographic Analysis of Haplogroup E3b (E-M215) Y Chromosomes Reveals Multiple Migratory Events Within and Out Of Africa". Am J Hum Genet. 74 (5): 1014–1022. doi:10.1086/386294. PMC 1181964Freely accessible. PMID 15042509.
  30. ↑ Lobov. Y chromosome analysis in subpopulations of Bashkirs from Russia
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  38. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 Martinez-Cruz B, Ioana M, Calafell F, Arauna LR, Sanz P, Ionescu R, Boengiu S, Kalaydjieva L, Pamjav H, Makukh H, Plantinga T, van der Meer JW, Comas D, Netea MG (2012). Kivisild T, ed. "Y-chromosome analysis in individuals bearing the Basarab name of the first dynasty of Wallachian kings". PLoS ONE. 7 (7): e41803. Bibcode:2012PLoSO...741803M. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0041803. PMC 3404992Freely accessible. PMID 22848614.
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  40. 1 2 3 4 5 6 http://www.ebc.ee/tymri00/PhD/2004/SRootsi_thesis.pdf
  41. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 Tambets et al. (2004)
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  43. 1 2 3 4 5 6 F. Luca, F. Di Giacomo, T. Benincasa et al., "Y-Chromosomal Variation in the Czech Republic," American Journal of Physical Anthropology 132:132–139 (2007).
  44. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 Elizabeth T Wood, Daryn A Stover, Christopher Ehret et al., "Contrasting patterns of Y chromosome and mtDNA variation in Africa: evidence for sex-biased demographic processes," European Journal of Human Genetics (2005) 13, 867–876. cf. "Appendix A: Y Chromosome Haplotype Frequencies."
  45. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50 51 52 53 54 55 56 57 58 59 60 61 62 63 64 65 66 67 68 69 70 71 72 73 74 75 76 77 78 79 80 81 82 83 84 85 86 87 88 89 90 91 92 93 94 95 96 97 98 99 100 101 102 103 104 105 106 107 108 109 110 111 112 113 114 Zalloua et al. (2008), Identifying Genetic Traces of Historical Expansions: Phoenician Footprints in the Mediterranean, The American Journal of Human Genetics, Volume 83, Issue 5, 633-642 17 November 2008
  46. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 Y Chromosome Evidence for Anglo-Saxon Mass Migration - Michael E. Weale et al.,Mol. Biol. Evol. 2002;19:1008–1021.
  47. 1 2 3 4 5 6 Laitinen Virpi, Lahermo Päivi, Sistonen Pertti, Marja- , Savontaus Liisa (2002). "Y-Chromosomal Diversity Suggests that Baltic Males Share Common Finno-Ugric-Speaking Forefathers". Human Heredity. 53 (2): 68–78. doi:10.1159/000057985. PMID 12037406.
  48. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Genetic evidence for different male and female roles during cultural transitions in the British Isles - James F. Wilson et al., 5078–5083, PNAS, April 24, 2001, vol. 98, no. 9
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  50. 1 2 3 4 5 Significant genetic differentiation between Poland and Germany follows present-day political borders, as revealed by Y-chromosome analysishttphttp
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  53. ↑ Hungarian Bukovina DNA Project
  54. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 [M. Regueiro et al. (2006), "Iran: Tricontinental Nexus for Y-Chromosome Driven Migration"]
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  58. 1 2 Malaspina et al. (2003).
  59. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 Yali Xue, Tatiana Zerjal, Weidong Bao, Suling Zhu, Qunfang Shu, Jiujin Xu, Ruofu Du, Songbin ***, Pu Li, Matthew E. Hurles, Huanming Yang, Chris Tyler-Smith, "Male demography in East Asia: a north-south contrast in human population expansion times," Genetics 2006.
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  63. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50 51 52 53 54 55 56 Oleg Balanovsky, Siiri Rootsi, Andrey Pshenichnov et al., "Two Sources of the Russian Patrilineal Heritage in Their Eurasian Context," American Journal of Human Genetics 82, 236–250, January 2008.
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  70. 1 2 3 4 5 Ruixia Zhou, Daqun Yang, Hua Zhang, Weiping Yu, Lizhe An, Xilong Wang, Hong Li, Jiujin Xu, and Xiaodong Xie, "Origin and evolution of two Yugur sub-clans in Northwest China: a case study in paternal genetic landscape," Annals of Human Biology (2008), 35:2, 198 — 211.
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