Men's 100 metres world record progression
The first record in the 100 metres for men (athletics) was recognised by the International Amateur Athletics Federation, now known as the International Association of Athletics Federations, in 1912. The record now is 9.58 seconds which was run by Usain Bolt.
As of 21 June 2011, the IAAF had ratified 67 records in the event, not including rescinded records.[1]
Unofficial progression before the IAAF
Time | Athlete | Nationality | Location of races | Date |
---|---|---|---|---|
10.8 | Luther Cary | United States | Paris, France | July 4, 1891 |
Cecil Lee | United Kingdom | Brussels, Belgium | September 25, 1892 | |
Etienne De Re | Belgium | Brussels, Belgium | August 4, 1893 | |
L. Atcherley | United Kingdom | Frankfurt/Main, Germany | April 13, 1895 | |
Harry Beaton | United Kingdom | Rotterdam, Netherlands | August 28, 1895 | |
Harald Anderson-Arbin | Sweden | Helsingborg, Sweden | August 9, 1896 | |
Isaac Westergren | Sweden | Gävle, Sweden | September 11, 1898 | |
Sweden | Gävle, Sweden | September 10, 1899 | ||
Frank Jarvis | United States | Paris, France | July 14, 1900 | |
Walter Tewksbury | United States | Paris, France | July 14, 1900 | |
Carl Ljung | Sweden | Stockholm, Sweden | September 23, 1900 | |
Walter Tewksbury | United States | Philadelphia, United States | October 6, 1900 | |
André Passat | France | Bordeaux, France | June 14, 1903 | |
Louis Kuhn | Switzerland | Bordeaux, France | June 14, 1903 | |
Harald Grønfeldt | Denmark | Aarhus, Denmark | July 5, 1903 | |
Eric Frick | Sweden | Jönköping, Sweden | August 9, 1903 | |
10.6 | Knut Lindberg | Sweden | Gothenburg, Sweden | August 26, 1906 |
10.5 | Emil Ketterer | Germany | Karlsruhe, Germany | July 9, 1911 |
Richard Rau | Germany | Braunschweig, Germany | August 13, 1911 | |
Richard Rau | Germany | Munich, Germany | May 12, 1912 | |
Erwin Kern | Germany | Munich, Germany | May 26, 1912 |
IAAF record progression
Ratified | |
Not ratified | |
Ratified but later rescinded |
Records 1912–1976
Time | Wind | Auto | Athlete | Nationality | Location of race | Date | Ref |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
10.6 | Donald Lippincott | United States | Stockholm, Sweden | July 6, 1912 | [2] | ||
Jackson Scholz | United States | September 16, 1920 | [2] | ||||
10.4 | Charlie Paddock | United States | Redlands, USA | April 23, 1921 | [2] | ||
0.0 | Eddie Tolan | United States | Stockholm, Sweden | August 8, 1929 | [2] | ||
Copenhagen, Denmark | August 25, 1929 | [2] | |||||
10.3 | Percy Williams | Canada | Toronto, Canada | August 9, 1930 | [2] | ||
Arthur Jonath | Germany | Bochum, Germany | July 5, 1932 | [3] | |||
0.4 | 10.38 | Eddie Tolan | United States | Los Angeles, USA | August 1, 1932 | [2] | |
0.4 | 10.38 | Ralph Metcalfe | United States | Los Angeles, USA | August 1, 1932 | [3] | |
Ralph Metcalfe | United States | Budapest, Hungary | August 12, 1933 | [2] | |||
Eulace Peacock | United States | Oslo, Norway | August 6, 1934 | [2][4] | |||
Chris Berger | Netherlands | Amsterdam, Netherlands | August 26, 1934 | [2] | |||
Ralph Metcalfe | United States | Osaka, Japan | September 15, 1934 | [2] | |||
2.0 | Dairen, China | September 23, 1934 | [2] | ||||
2.5 | Takayoshi Yoshioka | Japan | Tokyo, Japan | June 15, 1935 | [2] | ||
10.2 | 1.2 | Jesse Owens | United States | Chicago, USA | June 20, 1936 | [2] | |
-0.9 | Harold Davis | United States | Compton, USA | June 6, 1941 | [2] | ||
0.7 | Lloyd LaBeach | Panama | Fresno, USA | May 15, 1948 | [2] | ||
10.35 | Barney Ewell | United States | Evanston, United States | July 9, 1948 | [2] | ||
0.0 | McDonald Bailey | Great Britain | Belgrade, Yugoslavia | August 25, 1951 | [2] | ||
1.1 | Heinz Fütterer | West Germany | Yokohama, Japan | October 31, 1954 | [2] | ||
0.9 | Bobby Morrow | United States | Houston, USA | May 19, 1956 | [2] | ||
-1.0 | Ira Murchison | United States | Compton, USA | June 1, 1956 | [2] | ||
0.0 | Bobby Morrow | United States | Bakersfield, USA | June 22, 1956 | [2] | ||
-1.3 | Ira Murchison | United States | Los Angeles, USA | June 29, 1956 | [2] | ||
-0.4 | Bobby Morrow | United States | |||||
10.1 | 0.7 | Willie Williams | United States | Berlin, Germany | August 3, 1956 | [2] | |
1.0 | Ira Murchison | United States | Berlin, Germany | August 4, 1956 | [2] | ||
1.5 | Leamon King | United States | Ontario, USA | October 20, 1956 | [2] | ||
0.9 | Santa Ana, USA | October 27, 1956 | [2] | ||||
1.3 | Ray Norton | United States | San Jose, USA | April 18, 1959 | [2] | ||
Charlie Tidwell | United States | Houston, USA | June 10, 1960 | [2][5][6] | |||
10.0 | 0.9 | 10.25 | Armin Hary | West Germany | Zürich, Switzerland | June 21, 1960 | [2] |
1.8 | Harry Jerome | Canada | Saskatoon, Canada | July 15, 1960 | [2] | ||
0.0 | Horacio Esteves | Venezuela | Caracas, Venezuela | August 15, 1964 | [2] | ||
1.3 | 10.06 | Bob Hayes | United States | Tokyo, Japan | October 15, 1964 | [2] | |
2.0 | 10.17 | Jim Hines | United States | Modesto, USA | May 27, 1967 | [2] | |
1.8 | Enrique Figuerola | Cuba | Budapest, Hungary | June 17, 1967 | [2] | ||
0.0 | Paul Nash | South Africa | Krugersdorp, South Africa | April 2, 1968 | [2] | ||
1.1 | Oliver Ford | United States | Albuquerque, USA | May 31, 1968 | [2] | ||
2.0 | 10.20 | Charles Greene | United States | Sacramento, USA | June 20, 1968 | [2] | |
2.0 | 10.28 | Roger Bambuck | France | ||||
9.9 | 0.8 | 10.03 | Jim Hines | United States | Sacramento, USA | June 20, 1968 | [2] |
0.9 | 10.14 | Ronnie Ray Smith | United States | ||||
0.9 | 10.10 | Charles Greene | United States | ||||
0.3 | 9.95 | Jim Hines | United States | Mexico City, Mexico | October 14, 1968 | [2] | |
0.0 | Eddie Hart | United States | Eugene, USA | July 1, 1972 | [2] | ||
0.0 | Rey Robinson | United States | |||||
1.3 | Steve Williams | United States | Los Angeles, USA | June 21, 1974 | [2] | ||
1.7 | Silvio Leonard | Cuba | Ostrava, Czechoslovakia | June 5, 1975 | [2] | ||
0.0 | Steve Williams | United States | Siena, Italy | July 16, 1975 | [2] | ||
-0.2 | Berlin, Germany | August 22, 1975 | [2] | ||||
0.7 | Gainesville, USA | March 27, 1976 | [2] | ||||
0.7 | Harvey Glance | United States | Columbia, USA | April 3, 1976 | [2] | ||
Baton Rouge, USA | May 1, 1976 | [2] | |||||
1.7 | Don Quarrie | Jamaica | Modesto, USA | May 22, 1976 | [2] |
The first manual time of 9.9 seconds was recorded for Bob Hayes in the final of the 100 metres at the 1964 Olympics. Hayes' official time of 10.0 seconds was determined from the electronic time of 10.06 and rounding down to the nearest tenth of a second to give the appearance of a manual time. This method was unique to the Olympics of 1964 and 1968. The officials at the track recorded Hayes' time as 9.9 seconds.[7]
Records from 1977
From 1975, the IAAF accepted separate automatically electronically timed records for events up to 400 metres. Starting January 1, 1977, the IAAF required fully automatic timing to the hundredth of a second for these events.[2]
Jim Hines' October 1968 Olympic gold medal run was the fastest recorded fully electronic 100 metre race to that time, at 9.95.[2] Track and Field News has compiled an unofficial list of automatically timed records starting with the 1964 Olympics and Bob Hayes' gold medal performance there. Those marks are included in the progression.
Time | Wind | Auto | Athlete | Nationality | Location of race | Date | Notes[note 1] |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
10.06 | 1.3 | Bob Hayes | United States | Tokyo, Japan | October 15, 1964 | [8] | |
10.03 | 0.8 | Jim Hines | United States | Sacramento, USA | June 20, 1968 | [8] | |
10.02 | 2.0 | Charles Greene | United States | Mexico City, Mexico | October 13, 1968 | A[8] | |
9.95 | 0.3 | Jim Hines | United States | Mexico City, Mexico | October 14, 1968 | OR, A[2] | |
9.93 | 1.4 | Calvin Smith | United States | Colorado Springs, USA | July 3, 1983 | A[2] | |
9.83 | 1.0 | Ben Johnson | Canada | Rome, Italy | August 30, 1987 | [note 2] | |
9.93 | 1.1 | Carl Lewis | United States | Rome, Italy | August 30, 1987 | [8][9][note 3] | |
1.1 | Zürich, Switzerland | August 17, 1988 | [2] | ||||
9.92 | 1.1 | Carl Lewis | United States | Seoul, South Korea | September 24, 1988 | OR[note 2][2] | |
9.90 | 1.9 | Leroy Burrell | United States | New York, USA | June 14, 1991 | [2] | |
9.86 | 1.0 | Carl Lewis | United States | Tokyo, Japan | August 25, 1991 | [2] | |
9.85 | 1.2 | Leroy Burrell | United States | Lausanne, Switzerland | July 6, 1994 | [2] | |
9.84 | 0.7 | 9.835 | Donovan Bailey | Canada | Atlanta, USA | July 27, 1996 | OR[2][10] |
9.79 | 0.1 | Maurice Greene | United States | Athens, Greece | June 16, 1999 | [2] | |
9.78 | 2.0 | Tim Montgomery | United States | Paris, France | September 14, 2002 | [11][note 4] | |
9.77 | 1.6 | 9.768 | Asafa Powell | Jamaica | Athens, Greece | June 14, 2005 | [2] |
1.7 | 9.766 | Justin Gatlin | United States | Doha, Qatar | May 12, 2006 | [8][12][note 5] | |
1.5 | 9.763 | Asafa Powell | Jamaica | Gateshead, England | June 11, 2006 | [2] | |
1.0 | 9.762 | Zürich, Switzerland | August 18, 2006 | [2] | |||
9.74 | 1.7 | Asafa Powell | Jamaica | Rieti, Italy | September 9, 2007 | [1] | |
9.72 | 1.7 | Usain Bolt | Jamaica | New York, USA | May 31, 2008 | [2] | |
9.69 | 0.0 | 9.683 | Beijing, China | August 16, 2008 | OR[2] | ||
9.58 | 0.9 | 9.572 | Berlin, Germany | August 16, 2009 | [1][13][14] |
Low altitude record progression 1968–87
The IAAF considers marks set at high altitude as acceptable for record consideration. However, high altitude can significantly assist sprint performances.[15] One estimate suggests times in the 200m sprint can be assisted by between 0.09 s and 0.14 s with the maximum allowable tailing wind of (2.0 m/s), and gain 0.3 s at altitudes over 2000 m.[16] For this reason, unofficial low-altitude record lists have been compiled.
After the IAAF started to recognise only electronic times in 1977, the then-current record and subsequent record were both set at altitude. It was not until 1987 that the world record was equalled or surpassed by a low-altitude performance. The following progression of low-altitude records therefore starts with Hines's low-altitude "record" when the IAAF started to recognise only electronic timing in 1977, and continues to Lewis's low-altitude performance that equalled the high-altitude world record in 1987. (Ben Johnson's 9.95 run in 1986 and 9.83 run in 1987 are omitted.)
Time | Athlete | Nationality | Location of race | Date |
---|---|---|---|---|
10.03 | Jim Hines [8] | United States | Sacramento, USA | June 20, 1968 |
10.03 | Silvio Leonard[8] | Cuba | Havana, Cuba | September 13, 1977 |
10.02 | James Sanford[8] | United States | Westwood, USA | May 11, 1980 |
10.00 | Carl Lewis[8] | United States | Dallas, USA | May 16, 1981 |
10.00 | Carl Lewis[8] | United States | Modesto, USA | May 15, 1982 |
9.97 | Carl Lewis[8] | United States | Modesto, USA | May 14, 1983 |
9.97 | Calvin Smith[8] | United States | Zürich, Switzerland | August 24, 1983 |
9.96 | Mel Lattany[8] | United States | Athens, USA | May 5, 1984 |
9.93 | Carl Lewis[8] | United States | Rome, Italy | August 30, 1987 |
See also
Notes
- ↑ "A" stands for records set more than 1,000 metres above sea level, "OR" stands for Olympic records
- 1 2 Ben Johnson's time of 9.79 on September 24, 1988 was disallowed and never ratified as a record as he tested positive for stanozolol after the race. Johnson subsequently admitted to steroid use between 1981 and 1988, and his world record of 9.83 set on August 30, 1987 was rescinded by the IAAF Council in September 1989.(Track and Field News, November 1989, vol. 42, #11, p. 37)
- ↑ Carl Lewis's two performances at 9.93 were deemed by the IAAF to have equalled the world record after Ben Johnson's 9.83 time was rescinded, but were never ratified as world records; Lewis's 9.92, his gold-medal winning time at the Seoul Olympics after Johnson was disqualified, was recognized as the world record from January 1, 1990.
- ↑ Tim Montgomery's time of 9.78 from September 14, 2002 was rescinded following disqualification for banned drug use; a ruling in 2005 on his involvement with BALCO scandal also rescinded all records and medals from 2001 onwards. By that time, however, it had been surpassed by Asafa Powell.
- ↑ Justin Gatlin was briefly credited with a new world record time of 9.76. The IAAF announced five days later that the official timers, Tissot Timing, had discovered that time was incorrect as Gatlin's time was 9.766 and had erroneously been rounded down to the nearest hundredth instead of rounded up. This time instead made Gatlin co-world record holder with Asafa Powell. However, in 2007 this record was rescinded following Gatlin's failed doping test.
References
- 1 2 3 "IAAF World Championships: IAAF Statistics Handbook. Daegu 2011.". Monte Carlo: IAAF Media & Public Relations Department. 2011. pp. Pages 595, 596. Archived from the original (PDF) on November 23, 2012. Retrieved August 3, 2011.
- 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50 51 52 53 54 55 56 57 58 59 60 61 62 63 64 65 "12th IAAF World Championships In Athletics: IAAF Statistics Handbook. Berlin 2009." (PDF). Monte Carlo: IAAF Media & Public Relations Department. 2009. pp. Pages 546, 547. Archived from the original (PDF) on June 29, 2011. Retrieved July 29, 2009.
- 1 2 "Photographs and pictures of". Sporting Heroes. Retrieved 2010-06-07.
- ↑ This source gives a pretty articulate timeline that has Peacock achieving the record on the same date in 1935 and specifies Basel, Switzerland
- ↑ http://trackandfieldnews.com/discussion/showthread.php?140324-The-All-Time-USA-Non-Olympic/page3
- ↑ https://issuu.com/kuathleticscom/docs/t_f_media_guide_pdf/22
- ↑ revisionist history: men's 100 WR. Track and Field News. November 1, 2013
- 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 "Stat Corner: 100 WR Progression". Track & Field News. 61 (7): 55. July 2008.
- ↑ Track and Field News, November 1989, vol. 42, #11, p. 37
- ↑ "10m Splits for Various 100m Final Events". Myweb.lmu.edu. Retrieved 2016-05-23.
- ↑ "100m World Record falls to Montgomery - 9.78!". IAAF. 14 September 2002. Retrieved 2008-09-03.
- ↑ Frank Litsky (May 18, 2006). "Gatlin Must Share 100-Meter Record". New York Times. Retrieved 2008-09-03.
- ↑ "12th IAAF World Championships in Athletics - Berlin 2009 - Bolt again! 9.58 World record in Berlin!". Berlin.iaaf.org. 2009-08-16. Retrieved 2010-06-07.
- ↑ "World records set at Berlin World Championships have been ratified". iaaf.org. 2009-09-30. Retrieved 2010-06-07.
- ↑ "Effect of wind speed and altitude on sprint times". www.brianmac.co.uk. Retrieved 2011-04-28.
- ↑ "IngentaConnect Modeling wind and altitude effects in the 200 m sprint". www.ingentaconnect.com. Retrieved 2010-05-28.