Billy Mills

Billy Mills

Mills at the 1964 Tokyo Games
Personal information
Native name	Makata Taka Hela
Full name	William Mervin Mills
Nationality	American
Born	(1938-06-30) June 30, 1938 Pine Ridge, South Dakota, USA
Alma mater	Haskell Institute University of Kansas
Achievements and titles
Personal best(s)	5000 meters: 13:41.4[1] 10,000 meters: 28:17.6[1] Marathon: 2:22:56[1]
Medal record Men's athletics Representing the  United States Olympic Games 1964 Tokyo 10,000 metres

William Mervin "Billy" Mills, also known as Makata Taka Hela (born June 30, 1938), is the second Native American (after Jim Thorpe) to win an Olympic gold medal.^[2] He accomplished this feat in the 10,000 meter run (6.2 mi) at the 1964 Tokyo Olympics, becoming the only person from the Western hemisphere to win the Olympic gold in this event. His 1964 victory is considered one of the greatest Olympic upsets.^[3] A former United States Marine, Billy Mills is a member of the Oglala Lakota (Sioux) Tribe.

Biography

William Mervin Mills was born in Pine Ridge, South Dakota, and was raised on the impoverished Pine Ridge Indian Reservation for Oglala Sioux people. His given native name, Makata Taka Hela, loosely means "love your country."^[4] He was orphaned when he was twelve years old.^[5] Mills took up running while attending the Haskell Institute, which is now known as Haskell Indian Nations University in Lawrence, Kansas. Both a boxer and a runner in his youth, Mills gave up boxing to focus on running.

He attended the University of Kansas on an athletic scholarship. He was named a NCAA All-America cross-country runner three times and in 1960 he won the individual title in the Big Eight cross-country championship. The University of Kansas track team won the 1959 and 1960 outdoor national championships while Mills was on the team.

After graduating with a degree in Physical Education, Mills entered the United States Marine Corps. He was a First Lieutenant in the Marine Corps Reserve when he competed in the 1964 Olympics.^[3]

1964 Olympics

Billy Mills breaks the tape in the 10,000 m in the 1964 Olympics. U.S. Marine Corps photo

Mills qualified for the 1964 Summer Olympics on the U.S. Track and Field Team in the 10,000 meter and the marathon. The favorite in 1964 for the 10,000 m was Ron Clarke of Australia, who held the world record. The runners expected to challenge him were defending champion Pyotr Bolotnikov of the Soviet Union, and Murray Halberg of New Zealand, who had won the 5,000 m in 1960.

Mills was a virtual unknown. He had finished second in the U.S. Olympic trials. His time in the preliminaries was a full minute slower than Clarke's. Clarke set the tone of the race. His tactic of surging every other lap appeared to be working. Halfway through the race, only four runners were still with Clarke: Mohammed Gammoudi of Tunisia, Mamo Wolde of Ethiopia, Kokichi Tsuburaya of Japan, and Mills. Tsuburaya, the local favorite, lost contact first, then Wolde. With two laps to go, only two runners were still with Clarke. On paper, it seemed to be Clarke's race. He had run a world record time of 28:15.6, while neither Gammoudi nor Mills had ever run under 29 minutes.

Mills and Clarke were running together with Gammoudi right behind as they entered the final lap. They were lapping other runners and, down the backstretch, Clarke was boxed in. He pushed Mills once, then again. Then Gammoudi pushed them both and surged into the lead as they rounded the final curve. Clarke recovered and began chasing Gammoudi while Mills appeared to be too far back to be in contention. Clarke failed to catch Gammoudi, but Mills pulled out to lane 4 and sprinted past them both. His winning time of 28:24.4 was almost 50 seconds faster than he had run before and set a new Olympic record for the event. No American had ever before won the 10,000 m, nor has any other American come seriously close until Galen Rupp took the silver in the 2012 London Olympics.

American television viewers were able to hear the surprise and drama as NBC expert analyst Dick Bank^[6] screamed "Look at Mills! Look at Mills!" over the more sedate play-by-play announcer Bud Palmer, who seemed to miss what was unfolding.^[7] For bringing that drama to the coverage, Bank was fired.^[8]

After the race, Mills talked with Clarke and asked if he was straining as hard as he could on the final straightaway to the finish, to which Clarke replied, "Yes." Mills has stated that he tried to be relaxed during his final kick to the finish line and felt that helped him pass both Gammoudi and Clarke. Both Clarke and Mills ran the marathon at the 1964 Olympics after the 10,000 m event. Clarke finished in 9th place, and Mills finished in 14th, in a respectable 2:22:55.4, approximately two-and-a-half minutes behind Clarke and about 10 minutes behind winner Abebe Bikila.

Post-Olympics

Mills speaking at Schofield Barracks in November 2010

Mills later set U.S. records for 10,000 m (28:17.6) and the three-mile run, and had a 5,000 m best of 13:41.4. In 1965, he and Gerry Lindgren both broke the world record for the six-mile run when they finished in a tie at the AAU National Championships, running 27:11.6.^[9]

Post-running career

Mills is the co-founder of the nonprofit group Running Strong for American Indian Youth with Eugene Krizek. The aim of Running Strong is to help American Indian people fulfill their basic needs -food, water, and shelter- while also helping their communities gain self-sufficiency and self-esteem. He now acts as a spokesperson for the group and travels the country speaking out for and on behalf of Native American communities.^[10] Mills charity work also includes diabetes prevention and management education for adults and especially for youth. Being a diabetes patient himself Mills helps people with diabetes learn how to maintain a healthy lifestyle and improve their lives.^[11]

Legacy and honors

• In 1976, Mills was inducted into the United States National Track and Field Hall of Fame.^[12]
• In 1984, he was one of a select group of former American Olympians given the honor of carrying the Olympic flag into the Los Angeles Memorial Coliseum at the opening ceremony of the Games of the XXIII Olympiad.^[13]
• In 1984, he was inducted into the U.S. Olympic Hall of Fame.
• He has also been inducted into the National Distance Running Hall of Fame, the Kansas Hall of Fame, the South Dakota Hall of Fame, the San Diego Hall of Fame, and the National High School Hall of Fame.
• Mills is the subject of the 1983 movie Running Brave,^[5] in which he is portrayed by Robby Benson.
• Mills has produced a book, Lessons of a Lakota, made speaking tours, and sponsored some events. He lives near Sacramento, California.^[5]
• President Barack Obama awarded Mills the 2012 Presidential Citizens Medal, for his work with the Running Strong for American Indian Youth organization.^[14]
• In 2014, Mills was awarded the NCAA's highest honor, the Theodore Roosevelt Award.^[15]
• In 2014, the Virginia State Senate passed a joint resolution commending Mills on the 50th Anniversary of his Olympic win.^[16]
• The Anti-Defamation League honored Mills as a 2014 ADL In Concert Against Hate Honoree.^[17]
• In 2015, The President's Council on Fitness, Sports, and Nutrition awarded Mills the President's Council Lifetime Achievement Award, which is given each year to up to 5 individuals "whose careers have greatly contributed to the advancement or promotion of physical activity, fitness, sports, or nutrition nationwide." ^[18]
• Mills was one of several athletes featured on the August 18, 2016 On Being program "Running as a Spiritual Practice." ^[19]

Books

• 1990, Wokini: A Lakota Journey to Happiness and Self-Understanding, written with Nicholas Sparks.^[20]
• 2005, Lessons of a Lakota.^[21]

See also

• Olympic medalists in athletics
• Jim Thorpe

References

External links

Wikimedia Commons has media related to Billy Mills.

• Billy Mills, USA Track and Field Hall of Fame
• Running Strong for American Indian Youth Website
• Billy Mills, Running Past

1964 USA Olympic Track & Field Team
Men's track & road athletes	Gerry Ashworth Mike Brodie Dyrol Burleson Henry Carr Ollan Cassell Rex Cawley Willie Davenport Bill Dellinger Paul Drayton Buddy Edelen Tom Farrell Jeff Fishback Morgan Groth Billy Hardin Bob Hayes Trent Jackson Hayes Jones Ron Laird Mike Larrabee Ron Larrieu Gerry Lindgren Jay Luck Bruce MacDonald Pete McArdle Chris McCarthy Billy Mills Oscar Moore Jack Mortland Tom O'Hara Mel Pender Jim Ryun Bob Schul Jerry Siebert Dick Stebbins Ulis Williams George Young Ron Zinn Vic Zwolak
Men's field athletes	Ralph Boston Ed Burke Ed Caruthers Hal Connolly Frank Covelli Ira Davis Dick Emberger Kent Floerke Al Hall Fred Hansen Paul Herman Russ Hodge Gayle Hopkins Dallas Long Randy Matson Parry O'Brien Al Oerter Billy Pemelton John Pennel John Rambo Ed Red Bill Sharpe Phil Shinnick Jay Silvester John Thomas Les Tipton Dave Weill
Women's track athletes	Rosie Bonds Vivian Brown Sandy Knott Edith McGuire Lacey O'Neal Cherrie Sherrard Janell Smith Debbie Thompson Wyomia Tyus Marilyn White Willye White
Women's field athletes	RaNae Bair Estelle Baskerville Earlene Brown Terri Brown Olga Connolly Jo Ann Grissom Eleanor Montgomery Martha Watson Willye White Pat Winslow
Coaches	Bob Giegengack (men's head coach) Edward P. Hurt (men's assistant coach) Payton Jordan (men's assistant coach) Charles Walter (men's assistant coach) Ed Temple (women's head coach) Jack Griffin (women's assistant coach)