William J. Borucki

William J. Borucki (date unknown).

William J. (Bill) Borucki (born 1939) is a space scientist who worked at the NASA Ames Research Center.[1] Upon joining NASA in 1962, Borucki designed the heat shields for Apollo program spacecraft.[1] He later turned his attention to the optical efficiency of lightning strikes in the atmospheres of planets, investigating the propensity that these lightning strikes could create molecules that would later become the precursors for life.[2] Subsequently, Borucki's attention turned to extrasolar planets and their detection, particularly through the transit method.[2] In light of this work, Borucki was named the principal investigator for NASA's Kepler mission, launched on March 6, 2009[1] and dedicated to a transit-based search for habitable planets.[1] In 2013, Borucki was awarded the United States National Academy of Sciences's Henry Draper Medal for his work with Kepler. In 2015 he received the Shaw Prize in Astronomy.[3]

Education and career

Born in Chicago in 1939, Borucki grew up in Delavan, Wisconsin.[4] He studied physics at the University of Wisconsin, Madison, earning a master's degree in the subject 1962.[2] Following this, Borucki started work on Apollo program heat shields,[2] which were designed to protect the spacecraft and their occupants from being destroyed by the heat of re-entry into the atmosphere. After his work for Apollo, Borucki studied meteorology at San Jose State University, earning a master's degree in 1982.[5] That year, Borucki began studies at NASA into the nature of lightning, using satellites equipped with instrumentation he helped design in order to discover what fraction of the energy in this lightning went into the production of prebiotic molecules.[2] As a part of this research, Borucki conducted analysis based on observations from space probes in order to find the frequency of lightning on other planets within the Solar System.[2]

The effort to launch Kepler was spearheaded by Borucki, who is now its principal investigator.[6]

By 1984, Borucki's attention had turned to the search for extrasolar planets by use of the transit method,[2] which involves observing the periodic dimming of the star in order to detect the signature of a planet blocking some of its light as it passes in front.[7] In that year and subsequently in 1988, Borucki organized workshops of scientists in order to determine the best methods for achieving transit-based detections of exoplanets, and also worked closely with the National Institute of Standards and Technology to develop photometers that could achieve the sensitivity desired.[2] At the Lick Observatory, Borucki demonstrated the techniques required for extrasolar planet detection by the transit method, and later constructed a ground-based proof-of-concept for a space telescope designed to hunt for planets.[2]

Until his retirement in July 2015,[8] Borucki was the chief investigator for the Kepler space telescope, designed to hunt for exoplanets with the transit method. The telescope has detected 105 confirmed planets and thousands of likely planet candidates as of January 9, 2012.[9] For his work, he has received the NASA Outstanding Leadership Award, the Popular Mechanics Breakthrough Award in 2009, and the NASA Systems Engineering Excellence Award in 2010, and the Lancelot M. Berkeley Prize for Meritorious Work in Astronomy in 2011.[10] He received the 2013 Henry Draper Medal from the United States National Academy of Sciences[6] "For his founding concept, unflagging advocacy, and visionary leadership during the development of NASA's Kepler mission, which has uncovered myriad planets and solar systems with unforeseen and surprising properties."[11] and the 2015 Shaw Prize in Astronomy for "for his conceiving and leading the Kepler mission, which greatly advanced knowledge of both extrasolar planetary systems and stellar interiors."[3] In 2016, he was named as a Fellow of the American Association for the Advancement of Science.[12]

Awards[8]

References

  1. 1 2 3 4 "Kepler: William Borucki". Kepler: A Search for Habitable Planets. National Aeronautics and Space Administration. December 31, 2009. Retrieved January 7, 2013.
  2. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 Jonas Dino, ed. (March 29, 2008). "William J. Borucki" (Press release). National Aeronautics and Space Administration. Retrieved January 7, 2013.
  3. 1 2 "Announcement and Citation: The Shaw Prize in Astronomy 2015". The Shaw Prize. Archived from the original on 2 July 2015. Retrieved 2 July 2015.
  4. ↑ Lawler, Andrew. "Bill Borucki's Planet Search". Air & Space Magazine. Smithsonian Institution. Archived from the original on 1 July 2015. Retrieved 1 July 2015.
  5. ↑ "William Borucki, principal investigator for NASA's Kepler mission". NASA. Retrieved 1 July 2015.
  6. 1 2 Young, Monica (January 8, 2013). "Kepler Zeroes in on Alien Earths". Sky and Telescope. Sky and Telescope. Retrieved January 11, 2013.
  7. ↑ Alexander Van Dijk, ed. (November 12, 2008). "The Transit Method of Detecting Extrasolar Planets". National Aeronautics and Space Administration. Retrieved January 11, 2013.
  8. 1 2 "Kepler's Borucki Retires after Five Decades at NASA". NASA. Retrieved 2 July 2015.
  9. ↑ "Kepler: A Search for Habitable Planets". National Aeronautics and Space Administration. January 9, 2013. Retrieved January 11, 2013.
  10. ↑ "Fourth IEEE International Conference on Space Mission Challenges for Information Technology: Keynote Presentation". Fourth IEEE Conference on Space Mission Challenges for Information Technology. Space Mission Challenges for Information Technology. 2009. Retrieved January 11, 2013.
  11. ↑ "Henry Draper Medal". National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America. Retrieved 2011-05-27.
  12. 1 2 "2016 AAAS Fellows approved by the AAAS Council", Science, 354 (6315): 981–984, 25 November 2016, doi:10.1126/science.354.6315.981
  13. ↑ "William J. Borucki | The Franklin Institute". www.fi.edu. Retrieved 2016-05-02.
  14. ↑ "William Borucki receives SETI Institute's 2015 Drake Award". www.seti.org. SETI Institute. October 7, 2015. Retrieved February 8, 2016.

External links

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