Walt Odets

Walt Odets
Born (1947-02-04)February 4, 1947
Los Angeles, California
Occupation Clinical psychologist
writer
Notable works In the shadow of the epidemic: being HIV-negative in the age of AIDS

Walt Odets is a clinical psychologist and author. He has written on psychological and social issues concerning gay and bisexual men and gay communities, particularly in relation to the psychological issues of gay men living in and surviving the AIDS epidemic and the relations between HIV-positive and HIV-negative men. The spring 1996 issue of Positive Impact Journal called Odets "an important voice in the AIDS education and prevention arena."[1] Odets' 1995 study, In the Shadow of the Epidemic: Being HIV-Negative in the Age of AIDS, was listed by the New York Times as among the “Notable Books of the Year 1995.”[2] Additionally, In the Shadow of the Epidemic was the No. 1 bestselling book purchased by gay men in the late fall of 1995, according to The Advocate,[3] and was confirmed as a "Gay Bestseller of 1995" by the Feminist Bookstore News.[4]

Early life

Walt Whitman Odets was born on February 4, 1947,[5] to playwright, screenwriter and director Clifford Odets and his second wife, actress Bette Grayson, in Los Angeles. The family, which included Walt's sister Nora, two years his senior,[6] moved to New York City in the summer of 1948.[7] Odets and Grayson separated in October 1949 and were divorced in November 1951.[8] In February 1954 Grayson died suddenly of pneumonia,[9] leaving seven-year-old Walt and his disabled sister in the care of their father.[10][11] Early in 1955 the truncated family moved back to the West Coast so that Clifford could return to screenwriting in order to make a living. He also considered California a healthier environment in which to raise children.[12]

Walt attended Beverly Hills High School, during which time he developed a continuing interest in photography. He was eventually awarded The San Francisco Foundation's James D. Phelan Award for Photography, in 2007.[13]

Clifford Odets died in Los Angeles in 1963 when Walt was sixteen.[14] After his father's death, Walt frequently stayed in New York with his legal guardians, Lee Strasberg and Paula Strasberg. The Strasbergs were long-time friends of Clifford,[15] dating from the early years of the Group Theatre,[16][17] of which Clifford was a founding member. Lee Strasberg acted as interim literary executor of Clifford Odets' Estate[18] until Walt Odets was eligible to assume the executorship[19] at the age of 21.[20]

Odets received a B.A. in Philosophy from Wesleyan University in 1969.

AIDS activism

Odets trained as a clinical psychologist at San Francisco's Professional School of Psychology[21] from which he received his PhD in 1989. While working as a psychology intern in the San Francisco area in the mid-1980s, Odets noticed a dramatic increase in the number of gay and bisexual men seeking treatment for acute depression, hypochondriasis, anxiety disorders and sexual dysfunction. Many of these men were HIV-negative (seronegative).[22] Seronegative men with these symptoms came to be referred to as the "worried well."[23] Many seronegative men felt alienated from close friends and lovers who had tested positive for the virus. Not suffering from infection itself, they often felt marginalized by the gay community, for whom the AIDS crisis had become the defining issue due to the scope of the crisis.[24]

By the early 1990s, Odets had become a controversial figure in gay communities[25] for criticizing the approach of widely accepted AIDS prevention programs that were proving ineffective.[26] A 1993 study conducted in San Francisco had shown "a sharp rise in the annual rate of HIV infection among gay men under 30, to almost four times the overall rate in 1987."[27] Odets called for a re-evaluation of the prevention programs, suggesting that the approach taken by the programs themselves might be partly responsible for the increase in transmission of the virus.[28]

Odets stressed that seropositive and seronegative men should be targeted differently in terms of prevention strategies.[29] As late as 1996, the New York Times noted that "the one-note educational strategy of the prevention organizations ha[d] barely changed since 1985. That strategy basically boils down to normative, hand-slapping variations on Just Say No." Odets pinpointed the failure of the prevention groups, arguing that they "had been guilty of ignoring the deepest root of gay men's unsafety: the psychological root, what they feel.”[30]

Odets’ full-length 1995 study, In the Shadow of the Epidemic: Being HIV-Negative in the Age of AIDS, was hailed for its “concise description of the many manifestations of the psychological epidemic confronting HIV-seronegative individuals … [including] the defenses of denial and regression that color many responses to AIDS. Depression, mania, anxiety, hypochondriasis, and sexual dysfunctions are frequent manifestations of the psychological epidemic."[31] Odets addressed the psychological epidemic of AIDS "survivor guilt"[32] and the crucial part it was playing in the failure of AIDS prevention campaigns.[33] According to the spring 1996 issue of Positive Impact Journal, "the relatively new focus on HIV-negative people in AIDS prevention programs is something that Walt Odets is largely responsible for."[34]

By September 1996, Odets' views had become so controversial within the San Francisco gay prevention community that "none of the major AIDS organizations there [would] work with him. Instead, he … consulted on projects for Gay Men's Health Crisis, often referred to by its acronym GMHC,[35] in New York. GMHC was and remains "a leader in the fight against the disease and a model for many other organizations."[36]

Odets continued speaking out in support of issues relating to gay and bisexual men throughout the mid-1990s and was featured on numerous radio programs, mostly in the Bay Area.[37] He was named by OUT magazine as "one of the 100 most impressive, influential and controversial gay men and lesbians of 1996."[38] Odets continues to live in the Bay Area, where he maintains a private practice.

Selected works

In the Shadow of the Epidemic: Being HIV-Negative in the Age of AIDS (Durham, NC: Duke UP, 1995).

“Some Thoughts on Gay Male Relationships and American Society,” Journal of the Gay and Lesbian Medical Association, Vol. 2, No. 1, 1998.

“Risk Appraisal and HIV Prevention,” Focus: A Guide to AIDS Research and Counseling, Vol. 11, No. 10, The AIDS Health Project of the University of California/San Francisco, 1996.

“The Fatal Mistakes of AIDS Education,” Harpers Magazine, May 1995.

“Surviving Loss,” Out Magazine, September 1995.

“Why We Stopped doing Primary Prevention for Gay Men in 1985,” AIDS & Public Policy Journal, Vol. 9, No. 4, 1995.

“AIDS Education and Harm Reduction for Gay Men: Psychological Approaches for the 21st Century,” AIDS & Public Policy, Vol. 1, No. 9, 1994.

“On the Need for a Gay Reconstruction of Public Health,” Chapt. 52 in A Queer World: The Center For Lesbian And Gay Studies Reader, ed. Martin Duberman. New York: New York UP, 1997.

References

  1. ↑ "Why AIDS Education Fails Gay Men". Positive Impact Journal. 3 (2): 1–4; p. 1. Spring 1996.
  2. ↑ Kirp, David L. (December 3, 1995). "The Nightmare of Survival". New York Times Book Review. Retrieved November 10, 2013.
  3. ↑ The Advocate. Los Angeles, CA. December 12, 1995. Missing or empty |title= (help)
  4. ↑ "Gay Bestsellers of 1995". Feminist Bookstore News. San Francisco, CA. August 13, 1996.
  5. ↑ Brenman-Gibson, Margaret (1982). Clifford Odets, American Playwright: The Years 1906–1940. New York: Atheneum. p. 617. ISBN 0689111606.
  6. ↑ Brenman-Gibson, p. 617
  7. ↑ Odets, Clifford (July 25, 1948). "On Coming Home". New York Times. Retrieved November 20, 2013.
  8. ↑ Brenman-Gibson, p. 617.
  9. ↑ Lahr, John (April 17, 2006). "Stage Left: The Struggles of Clifford Odets". The New Yorker. Conde Nast Publications. Retrieved November 16, 2013.
  10. ↑ Weales, Gerald (1971). Clifford Odets, playwright. New York: Bobbs-Merrill/Pegasus. p. 181. LCCN 75-124824.
  11. ↑ Baitz, Jon Robin. "Struggling with Integrity: An Interview with Walt Odets". Lincoln Center Theater Review. Spring 2006 (42): 27–30; p. 30.
  12. ↑ Weales, p. 181.
  13. ↑ "2007 James D. Phelan Art Award in Photography Exhibit". sfstation.com. Oct–Nov 2007. Retrieved February 13, 2014. External link in |website= (help)
  14. ↑ "Clifford Odets, playwright, Dies: Author of Broadway Dramas and Movie Scripts is a Cancer Victim at Age 57". New York Times. August 16, 1963. Retrieved February 5, 2014.
  15. ↑ Odets, Walt (November 12, 2010). The Jewish Chronicle Online (Interview). Interview with John Nathan http://www.thejc.com/lifestyle/lifestyle-features/41116/interview-walt-odets. Retrieved November 16, 2013. Missing or empty |title= (help)
  16. ↑ Clurman, Harold (1968). The Fervent Years. New York: Hill & Wang. pp. 33–34. LCCN 57-7910.
  17. ↑ Brenman-Gibson, p. 245.
  18. ↑ Lyons, Leonard (November 15, 1963 (in syndication)). "The Lyons Den". New York Post. Check date values in: |date= (help)
  19. ↑ Brenman-Gibson, Acknowledgments, p. 678.
  20. ↑ "Odets Estate to Children". New York Times. August 28, 1963. Retrieved September 20, 2013.
  21. ↑ Cadwell, Steven A.; Burnham, Robt. A.; Forstein, Marshall (June 1994). Therapists on the Front Line: Psychotherapy with Gay Men in the Age of AIDS. Arlington, VA: Amer. Psychiatric Pub. ISBN 978-0880485586.
  22. ↑ Hagar, Laura (June 23, 1995). East Bay Express. 17 (37). Oakland, CA. Missing or empty |title= (help)
  23. ↑ Kirp, "The Nightmare of Survival."
  24. ↑ Tuller, David (March 19, 1993). "Uninfected Gays Suffering, Too". San Francisco Chronicle. pp. A1, A4.
  25. ↑ Rogers, Patrick (September 19, 1994). "Surviving the Second Wave". Newsweek. The Washington Post Company: 50–51; 51.
  26. ↑ Green, Jesse (September 15, 1996). "Just Say No?". New York Times Magazine. pp. 39–85 (non–consecutive); p. 42.
  27. ↑ Rogers, "Surviving the Second Wave," p. 51.
  28. ↑ Green, Jesse (September 15, 1996). "Flirting with Suicide". New York Times Magazine. Retrieved February 13, 2014.
  29. ↑ Signorile, Michaelangelo (March 1995). "Negative Pride". Out Magazine. Los Angeles, CA: Here Media. p. 106.
  30. ↑ Green, “Flirting with Suicide.”
  31. ↑ Chapman, Daniel P. (1997). "Behavioral Insights Underlying Epidemiology". Contemporary Psychology (now PsycCRITIQUES. American Psychological Assoc. 42 (1): 57.
  32. ↑ Griffin, Jean Latz (August 30, 1995). "Survivors' Guilt: Some Gays Say They've Found That There's Nothing Positive About Being Negative". Chicago Tribune. Retrieved February 12, 2014.
  33. ↑ Kirp, "The Nightmare of Survival."
  34. ↑ "Why AIDS Education Fails Gay Men". Positive Impact Journal. Atlanta, GA: Positive Impact, Inc. 3 (2): 1–4; p. 1. Spring 1996.
  35. ↑ Green,"Just Say No?"
  36. ↑ Santora, Mark (October 3, 2013). "A Pioneering AIDS Prevention Group Struggles to Stay Relevant". New York Times. Retrieved November 23, 2013.
  37. ↑ KNEW Radio in San Francisco ('95); WFRG/Atlanta ('95); WKKSF/San Francisco's "Sunday at 6" program ('95); Wisconsin Public Radio's "To The Best of Our Knowledge"; WAIF/Cincinnati's "Alternating Current" program. "Sex, Death and Grief" was aired by Canada's CBC Radio in May 1997.
  38. ↑ "The Out 100". Out Magazine. Los Angeles: Here Media. Dec/Jan 1997. p. 104. Check date values in: |date= (help).
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