Violet Gordon-Woodhouse

Violet Gordon-Woodhouse (23 April 1872 – 9 January 1948) was an acclaimed British harpsichordist and clavichordist, highly influential in bringing both instruments back into fashion. She was the first person to record the harpsichord, and the first to broadcast harpsichord music.^[1]

Family

Violet Kate Eglinton Gwynne was born at 97 Harley Street, St Marylebone, London, into a wealthy family with an estate in Sussex, England. She was the second daughter and fourth of seven children of James Eglinton Anderson Gwynne (1832–1915), an engineer, inventor, and landowner, and Mary Earle Purvis (1841–1923). Her mother was a fine singer and a friend of the great soprano Adelina Patti. Violet became a pupil of the country's leading piano teacher, the German émigré Oscar Beringer, and by the age of sixteen she was one of his most promising pupils.^[2] Her maternal grandfather Royal Navy officer and merchant William Purvis (1796–1854) from Dalgety Bay, Scotland married in 1822 Cornelia Louisa Intveld (1808–1857),^[3] a noted fine soprano and beauty of her era. Upon glimpsing her across the auditorium at the opera in London, British King William IV sent his equerry to invite her to his box. When she refused, the King sent the equerry back just to ask her name.^[4] Cornelia Louisa Intveld was born in Padang where her father, who came from humble beginnings in Hellevoetsluis, South Holland, rose up through the Dutch East India Company to become the Dutch Resident of Padang. Her maternal grandmother was an Ono Niha ranee (a term that covered every rank from chieftain's daughter to princess) who married a prominent Dutch colonial official and merchant. This "foreign blood" caused opposition to Violet Gordon-Woodhouse's father's family to her parents marriage and so they eloped.^[5]

She was the sister of Rupert Gwynne, MP for Eastbourne from 1910 to 1924, and Roland Gwynne, Mayor of Eastbourne from 1929 to 1931, who is thought to have been the lover of suspected serial killer Dr John Bodkin Adams.^[6] Among her nieces was the renowned cookery writer, Elizabeth David.^[7] Her first cousin Annie Oliphant Cornelia Purvis (1870–1947) is the great-great grandmother of Justin Trudeau, Prime Minister of Canada.

Violet broke off an engagement to rich Sussex neighbour Viscount Gage when human sexuality was explained to her.^[8] In 1895 she entered into a mariage blanc with Gordon Woodhouse.^[9] His reasons for entering into the marriage are not clear, but he gave Violet the freedom to perform in public, and also to take lovers. In 1899 William "Bill" Barrington (heir to a viscountcy) moved into the marital house. He was joined in 1903 by Max Labouchere, and then, a little time later, by Dennis Tollemache. Barrington was once asked about this arrangement by Violet's niece, Katherine Ayling, and whether the 'ménage-à-cinq' ever argued. He answered: "Yes, Denis and Max once - about a cricket match". This open marriage arrangement was referred to in society circles as the 'Woodhouse circus'.

Career

Originally, Violet played the piano, but she rose to fame playing the harpsichord and clavichord. An important influence on her was Arnold Dolmetsch, a pioneer of the early music revival, who began making copies of old keyboard instruments in the 1890s. Dolmetsch supplied Violet with instruments and gave her instruction on how to play them. In 1899 Violet performed Bach's Concerto for Three Harpsichords in C at a public concert in London.^[10] The other two harpsichordists in the Bach were Elodie Desirée (the second Mrs Dolmetsch) and Dolmetsch himself. Dolmetsch worked abroad in the early twentieth century, but Violet resumed her collaboration with him in 1910. As well as early music repertoire Violet played music by nineteenth century composers and living composers such as Delius, who dedicated a harpsichord piece to her. Some recordings of her playing survive.^[10]

She taught the Australian keyboard player Valda Aveling.^[11]

Later years

By the 1920s the menage was reduced to three. Violet and Gordon acquired Lypiatt Manor, where they moved with Bill. The household finances improved after Gordon's sisters were murdered by their butler, resulting in an inheritance for Gordon in 1926. Violet reduced her public performances.

As Violet aged, she took on more extreme views. During the 1930s she was often heard making anti-semitic rants and admiring Adolf Hitler.^[12] After Violet's death in 1948, Gordon and Bill remained at Lypiatt Manor until Gordon's death in 1951.

In popular culture

She was close to many of the leading artists of her day, including, amongst others; Ethel Smyth, Siegfried Sassoon, Poldowski (Lady Dean Paul) and George Bernard Shaw. Welsh tramp poet W. H. Davies often visited her harpsichord recitals and also dined, with the Sitwells, at Nether Lypiatt.^[13]

• Sir Osbert Sitwell mentions her often in his autobiography.
• Radclyffe Hall, the lesbian novelist, dedicated a book of erotic poems to her.^[8]
• Roger Scruton wrote the libretto and music for an opera, Violet, based on her life. It was premiered in 2005 at the Guildhall School of Music and Drama.

See also

• Contemporary harpsichord

References