Vṛddhi

Vṛddhi (Sanskrit: वृद्धि, IPA: [ˈʋr̩d̪d̪ʰi]) is a Sanskrit word meaning 'growth'[1] (from Proto-Indo-European *werdʰ- 'to grow'[2]).

In Pāṇini's Sanskrit grammar, it is a technical term for long vowels produced by ablaut (vowel gradation), as for example in:[3]

In modern Indo-European linguistics it is used in Pāṇini's sense, but not restricted to Sanskrit but applicable to the Indo-European languages in general as well as to the Proto-Indo-European (PIE) language from which this feature was inherited:

Vṛddhi-derivations

A vṛddhi-derivation or vṛddhi-derivative is a word that is derived by such lengthening, a type of formation very common in Sanskrit, but also attested in other languages. Such derivatives signify "of, belonging to, descended from". An example:[6]

Derivatives that are formed by inserting a full grade (as opposed to a lengthened grade) vowel into the "wrong" position of a zero grade are also called vṛddhi-derivations:[6]

Notes

  1. in Sanskrit, a -tí-nomen actionis formed from the verbal root vṛdh-/vardh- 'to grow'
  2. *werdʰ- 'to grow' entry at Indo-European etymological database of The Tower of Babel project
  3. Meier-Brügger (2003, L 413)
  4. The asterisk * indicates that this form is not directly attested, but has been reconstructed on the basis of other linguistic material.
  5. Rix (2001:76f)
  6. 1 2 Fortson (2004:116f)

References

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