Upland, California

For the former settlement in Monterey County, see Upland, Monterey County, California.
Upland, California
City
City of Upland

Upland City Hall (left) and Upland Public Library (right)

Seal
Logo
Nickname(s): The City of Gracious Living

Location in San Bernardino County in the state of California
Upland

Location in the United States

Coordinates: 34°6′N 117°39′W / 34.100°N 117.650°W / 34.100; -117.650
Country  United States
State  California
County San Bernardino
Incorporated May 15, 1906[1]
Government
 • Mayor Ray Musser[2]
Area[3]
 • Total 15.651 sq mi (40.535 km2)
 • Land 15.617 sq mi (40.448 km2)
 • Water 0.034 sq mi (0.087 km2)  0.21%
Elevation[4] 1,237 ft (377 m)
Population (April 1, 2010)[5]
 • Total 73,732
 • Estimate (2013)[5] 75,413
 • Density 4,700/sq mi (1,800/km2)
Time zone Pacific Time Zone (UTC-8)
 • Summer (DST) PDT (UTC-7)
ZIP codes 91784–91786
Area code 909
FIPS code 06-81344
GNIS feature IDs 1661606, 2412137
Website www.ci.upland.ca.us

Upland is a city in San Bernardino County, California, in the United States. The municipality is located at an elevation of 1,242 feet (379 m). As of the 2010 census, the city had a population of 73,732, up from 68,393 at the 2000 census. It was incorporated on May 15, 1906, after previously being named North Ontario. Upland is located at the foot of the highest part of the San Gabriel Mountains. The city is part of the Inland Empire, a metropolitan area situated directly east of the Los Angeles metropolitan area.

History

Upland originally was an irrigation colony established by George and William Chaffey. When founded, it was a small rural town based on agriculture, specifically citrus fruits and grapes.

A trolley line in the broad, tree-lined median of Euclid Avenue formerly connected Upland to the Southern Pacific Railroad line in Ontario.[6] The trolley was pulled from Ontario to Upland by a mule, which then climbed aboard an attached trailer for the ride back down.[7][8]

Present-day Upland maintains many of the same features, most specifically Euclid Avenue (the north-south, tree-lined street that runs through town) as well as many of the older, adobe and ranch-style houses.

Early history

Upland is located at the foot of the San Gabriel Mountains on an east-west trail that was used by the Indians and Spanish missionaries, part of what is now known as the Old Spanish Trail.[9] To the west, the trail led to the San Gabriel Mission, which Spanish Missionaries built in 1771.[10]

In 1774, Spanish explorer Juan Bautista de Anza established an overland route from Arizona to California, with part of the trail passing through present day Upland on the way to the San Gabriel Mission.[11] Anza's route went through Yuma, the San Gorgonio Pass and through the San Bemardino Valley.[12] In 1775, Anza led a second expedition consisting of more than 240 people on a journey of over two thousand miles to the San Francisco Bay. En route, the expedition reached the San Gabriel Mission on January 4, 1776. The expedition reached the San Francisco Bay on June 27, 1776, where Anza founded the present day city of San Francisco.[13] Five years later, in 1781, Spanish settlers followed Anza's route to found the city of Los Angeles a few miles west of the San Gabriel Mission.[14]

Following the Anza expedition, the San Gabriel Mission became an important stopping place for expeditions traveling between Arizona and California. The mission was the first place where supplies could be procured after crossing the desert, and as travel over this road increased, the mission arranged to establish a supply station at some intermediate point east. In 1810, a party of missionaries, soldiers, and Native Americans from San Gabriel mission, under the leadership of Padre Dumetz, were sent out to select a location. On the 20th of May, 1810, they came into the San Bernardino Valley. This, according to the Roman Catholic Calendar of Saints, was the feast day of Saint Bernardino of Siena, and they named the valley in his honor. The expedition named the area around Upland "Cucamonga," which in the Tongvan language meant "sand place."[15]

Jedediah Smith of the Rocky Mountain Fur Company was the first American to enter California overland. He started from the Yellowstone River, August, 1826, with a party of fifteen men. Their course was down the Colorado River to the Mojave, where they found two Native Americans, who guided them across the desert to San Gabriel Mission.[16] Smith pioneered the route over the Cajon Pass, where he then joined the foothill route established by Anza, arriving at San Gabriel on November 27.[9] California was part of Mexico at the time, so Smith was briefly arrested by the Mexican governor before being released.[17]

In 1829, Mexican explorer Antonio Armijo led the first successful caravan from Santa Fe to Southern California, joining up with Smith's route to open what would later be called the Old Spanish Trail. The route resulted in immediate commerce between Santa Fe and Los Angeles. Pack trains made annual treks between New Mexico and California, bringing woven Mexican products to California, which lacked sheep, and bartering them for horses and mules, scarce in New Mexico. The trail carried mule-trains over the Cajon Pass, then west through Rancho Cucamonga, Upland, and El Monte, to the region's major settlements at Mission San Gabriel and Los Angeles.[9]

From the time of the Anza expedition until the Mexican Rancho Period, the land around Upland was used as grazing land by the San Gabriel Mission. Under mission rule, cattle ranching became a major industry. The rangy cattle thrived and bred rapidly in the benign climate, and thousands of cattle wandered across the Cucamonga Rancho.[18] Following the secularization of the missions by the Mexican government, the Cucamonga Rancho was granted to Tiburcio Tapia in 1839.[19] Upon the death of Tapia in 1845, the Rancho passed to his daughter and her husband, Leon V. Prudhomme.[20] An 1886 report by the California Surveyor General listed the size of the Cucamonga Rancho as 13,045 acres.[21]

Founding of Upland

California became part of the United States at the end of the Mexican–American War in 1846, and American settlers began to arrive in California in large numbers with the California Gold Rush of 1849. The Cucamonga Rancho changed hands several times, but the area that present-day Upland occupies was little more than an uninhabited ranchland and a place to pass through until the arrival of George Chaffey in 1882. Chaffey, a Canadian shipbuilder from the province of Ontario, had already established the Etiwanda irrigation community in 1881, irrigating the land with a series of flumes carried water from the mountains to a reservoir from which water would then be sent to the relative land sites.[22] In 1882, Chaffey purchased 6,216 acres of land in the Cucamonga Rancho, along with significant water rights from San Antonio Creek, for $60,000[23] Additional purchases brought the size of the land to over 8,000 acres of land for a total purchase price of $90,000[22]

Chaffey's master plan called for distributing the water over the whole tract to each farm lot in cement pipes, with each holder to share in the water proportionately to his holding irrespective of distance from the source. Chaffey also laid out the main thoroughfare which ran from one end of the settlement to the other. He also named the "main thoroughfare" Euclid in honor of his favorite mathematician. Euclid Avenue was seven miles long, stretching from the colony's "southernmost boundaries to the mountains." Euclid was planned as a "200-foot-wide double drive ... [with a] center parkway to be flanked by a 65-foot-wide drive on each side. Chaffey also planned for electricity in Ontario with street lamps being placed a mile apart on Euclid and an electric streetcar that would travel up and down Euclid daily. Ontario was available for settlement on November 1, 1882. During the first week, Chaffey sold 190 acres for a total value of $28,500.[22]

To ensure the success of this irrigation plan and to appeal to potential land buyers, the Chaffey created a "mutual water company" in which each landowner became a stockholder. The San Antonio Water Company was incorporated on October 25, 1882.[24]

The Ontario colony eventually became known for its citrus groves, but in 1882, orange trees were too scarce and expensive at $100 an acre to turn to citrus, so at first other types of fruit were planted. By 1884, Ontario Nursery owner D.A. Shaw reported that there were "40,000 peach trees, 29,000 pear trees, 15,000 seedling apple trees, 16,000 grafted apple trees, 1,000 cherry trees, and 16,000 grape cuttings set out in orchards and vineyards." However, by 1889, some 2,000 acres of citrus orchards had been planted on Ontario, and Ontario was rated as having the second largest citrus acreage in the state.[25]

Upland in 1906.

The present-day city of Upland was the originally northern part of Chaffee's Ontario Model Colony, and was known as "North Upland" or "Magnolia" after a local hotel. The name Upland was first used as the name of the "Upland Citrus Association." However, by 1902, the name "Upland" was used to refer to the entire area of North Ontario.[26]

The railway came to North Ontario in 1887. When the Ontario Colony was founded, downtown was located next to the Southern Pacific tracks. In 1887 the Atchison, Topeka, and Santa Fe completed its connection adjacent to the newly founded Magnolia Tract in North Ontario. Subdividers of Magnolia, the Bedford Brothers, announced plans to erect a depot at the foot of Second Avenue, the primary business street. A notice in the December 1887 Ontario Record indicated that the cost of the station would be $7,000. In the next decades numerous packing houses were built close to the tracks on both sides of A Street. Used for commuting of residents and tourists as well as for freight, the railroad linked Upland to Los Angeles to the west and the rest of the Santa Fe network to the east.[27]

Ontario officially incorporated in 1891, but the size of incorporation was relatively small; a half-square mile bordered by the “Southern Pacific tract to the south, G Street to the north, Sultana Avenue to the east and Vine Avenue to the west." In 1901, residents of Ontario learned that those living in North Ontario were also thinking of incorporation as their own city. In order to eliminate this possibility, the city expanded their half-square mile to over 10 square miles.[22]

When Ontario started to push for a larger area of incorporation, Upland residents expressed concern. The area of land that Ontario wanted included the Upland Post Office, the tracks for the Atchison, Topeka and Santa Fe Railroad, and the train depot. On March 12, 1906, the San Bernardino Board of Supervisors conducted a two-day hearing and agreed that a vote for incorporation should take place. On May 5, 1906 Upland approved their vote for incorporation with 183 in favor and 19 against. The city was officially created on May 15, 1906 by the Secretary of State in Sacramento. In 1935, Upland's boundary lines were redrawn to include the land that was annexed in Ontario’s 1902 expansion.[26]

Later history

Upland's first hospital, the San Antonio Hospital, opened on the corner of Arrow Highway and San Antonio Avenue in 1907, one year after Upland was incorporated as a city. The hospital had 18 beds with a medical staff of five physicians. It was built with funds received from community stock sales. The expanded San Antonio Community Hospital was dedicated on Wednesday, July 30, 1924. This new hospital, "commodiously and scientifically constructed," according to a news article in the Upland News, had 35 rooms with a capacity for 50 patients. The total cost for this new facility, located on East San Bernardino Road, was $173,107.10.[28]

In 1911, the citizens of Upland created a volunteer fire department with F.H. Manker named as the Fire Chief. The first recorded piece of apparatus was a hose cart that was pulled by the first available personnel. In 1913, the first serious fire to occur in the new community destroyed all the businesses on the East side of Second Avenue South of Ninth Street. This fire generated interest in further protecting the community, and in 1915 the fire station on D Street was built. The first motorized fire engine was purchased at this time.[29]

Upland was one of the cities located on the National Old Trails Road, established in 1912 as the first national coast-to-coast highway. In Upland, the national highway ran along Foothill Boulevard, which had been built on the route established by the early Spanish explorers.[30] In 1926, a hundred years after Jedediah Smith's expedition, the western part of the National Old Trails Road became part of the famed Route 66.[31]

With better roads and increased emphasis on auto transport, the Euclid Avenue trolley line was closed in 1928. The trolley was originally powered by mules (which rode at the back of the trolleys on the way down), but was later converted to electricity.[32]

The citrus industry in Upland and neighboring Ontario continued to thrive, and by the 1930s, citrus had become the dominant agricultural crop for California. In 1936, the revenue from the citrus industry totaled $97,000,000. This was second in profit only to the California petroleum industry, which totaled $159,500,000. At the height of citrus production, the industry produced sixty percent of the nation’s citrus supply and twenty percent of the world’s supply. This success continued for citrus growers until the mid-1940s, when the citrus industry as a whole began its decline. After World War II, land values began to skyrocket, and growers began to sell their land to developers.[33]

In 1954, the San Bernardino Freeway, later part of Interstate 10, was completed, connecting Los Angeles to San Bernardino.[32] The freeway, one of the first in the nation, eased the commute to Los Angeles and accelerated the transition of Upland from a rural citrus area to a residential and commercial community.[34]

Geography

Upland is located at 34°6'N 117°39'W (34.0999, −117.6470). The city is located on the northern edge of the San Bernardino Valley.

The San Gabriel Mountains are to the north of Upland. The city terrain is fairly flat but slopes gradually to the north. From south to north, the city elevation increases by 825 feet over a distance of 4.25 miles, from 1,175 feet at the intersection of 7th Street and Euclid Avenue (southern city boundary) to an elevation of 2,000 ft at the intersection of 24th Street and Euclid Avenue (northern city boundary).[35] The highest peak in the San Gabriels, Mount San Antonio, known locally as Mount Baldy, is approximately 9.5 miles north of the Upland's northern boundary and caps out at 10,064 feet.

Upland is bordered on the east by Rancho Cucamonga, to the south by Ontario and Montclair, to the west by Claremont, and to the north by the unincorporated community of San Antonio Heights.

Upland has semi-arid climate with most of the rainfall occurring during the winter months. The average annual rainfall is 24.5 inches.[35] The highest recorded temperature was 113 °F in July 2006. The lowest recorded temperature was 21 °F in January 1963.[36] According to the Köppen Climate Classification system, Upland has a warm-summer Mediterranean climate, abbreviated "Csb" on climate maps.[37]

Climate data for Upland, California
Month Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Year
Average high °F (°C) 68
(20)		 69
(21)		 71
(22)		 76
(24)		 79
(26)		 84
(29)		 90
(32)		 92
(33)		 89
(32)		 80
(27)		 74
(23)		 68
(20)		 78.3
(25.8)
Average low °F (°C) 43
(6)		 45
(7)		 47
(8)		 49
(9)		 54
(12)		 58
(14)		 62
(17)		 62
(17)		 60
(16)		 55
(13)		 47
(8)		 42
(6)		 52
(11.1)
Average precipitation inches (mm) 3.1
(79)		 4.8
(122)		 2.6
(66)		 1.2
(30)		 0.2
(5)		 0.1
(3)		 0.0
(0)		 0.0
(0)		 0.2
(5)		 1.1
(28)		 1.6
(41)		 2.4
(61)		 17.3
(440)
Source: [36]

Demographics

Historical population
Census Pop. %±
19102,384—
19202,91222.1%
19304,71361.8%
19406,31634.0%
19509,20345.7%
196015,91873.0%
197032,551104.5%
198047,64746.4%
199063,37433.0%
200068,3937.9%
201073,7327.8%
Est. 201576,443[38]3.7%
U.S. Decennial Census[39]

2010

The 2010 United States Census[40] reported that Upland had a population of 73,732. The population density was 4,711.1 people per square mile (1,819.0/km²). The racial makeup of Upland was 48,364 (65.6%) White (44.2% Non-Hispanic White),[41] 5,400 (7.3%) African American, 522 (0.7%) Native American, 6,217 (8.4%) Asian, 159 (0.2%) Pacific Islander, 9,509 (12.9%) from other races, and 3,561 (4.8%) from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 28,035 persons (38.0%).

The Census reported that 73,050 people (99.1% of the population) lived in households, 305 (0.4%) lived in non-institutionalized group quarters, and 377 (0.5%) were institutionalized.

There were 25,823 households, out of which 9,770 (37.8%) had children under the age of 18 living in them, 13,400 (51.9%) were opposite-sex married couples living together, 4,026 (15.6%) had a female householder with no husband present, 1,557 (6.0%) had a male householder with no wife present. There were 1,533 (5.9%) unmarried opposite-sex partnerships, and 219 (0.8%) same-sex married couples or partnerships. 5,159 households (20.0%) were made up of individuals and 1,786 (6.9%) had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.83. There were 18,983 families (73.5% of all households); the average family size was 3.26.

The population was spread out with 18,091 people (24.5%) under the age of 18, 7,504 people (10.2%) aged 18 to 24, 19,917 people (27.0%) aged 25 to 44, 19,322 people (26.2%) aged 45 to 64, and 8,898 people (12.1%) who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 36.1 years. For every 100 females there were 93.1 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 89.9 males.

There were 27,355 housing units at an average density of 1,747.9 per square mile (674.9/km²), of which 14,948 (57.9%) were owner-occupied, and 10,875 (42.1%) were occupied by renters. The homeowner vacancy rate was 1.6%; the rental vacancy rate was 8.3%. 42,560 people (57.7% of the population) lived in owner-occupied housing units and 30,490 people (41.4%) lived in rental housing units.

During 2009–2013, Upland had a median household income of $62,667, with 13.5% of the population living below the federal poverty line.[41]

2000

As of the census[42] of 2000, there were 68,393 people, 24,551 households, and 17,873 families residing in the city. The population density was 4,523.9 inhabitants per square mile (1,746.5/km²). There were 25,467 housing units at an average density of 1,684.5 per square mile (650.3/km²). The racial makeup of the city was 67.2% White, 7.6% African American, 0.8% Native American, 7.3% Asian, 0.2% Pacific Islander, 12.3% from other races, and 4.7% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 27.5% of the population.

There were 24,551 households out of which 36.3% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 53.2% were married couples living together, 14.3% had a female householder with no husband present, and 27.2% were non-families. 21.1% of all households were made up of individuals and 7.0% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.8 and the average family size was 3.2.

In the city the population was spread out with 27.3% under the age of 18, 9.6% from 18 to 24, 29.2% from 25 to 44, 23.1% from 45 to 64, and 10.8% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 34 years. For every 100 females there were 92.5 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 88.7 males.

The median income for a household in the city was $48,734, and the median income for a family was $57,471. Males had a median income of $43,485 versus $29,973 for females. The per capita income for the city was $23,343. About 9.1% of families and 12.0% of the population were below the poverty line, including 15.4% of those under age 18 and 6.4% of those age 65 or over.

Government

In the California State Legislature, Upland is in the 25th Senate District, represented by Democrat Anthony Portantino, and in the 41st Assembly District, represented by Democrat Chris Holden.[43]

In the United States House of Representatives, the northern part of Upland is in California's 27th congressional district, represented by Democrat Judy Chu. The southern part of Upland is in California's 31st congressional district, represented by Democrat Pete Aguilar. The dividing line between the two districts mainly follows 14th Street.[44]

Transportation

Upland is home to Cable Airport, the world's largest family-owned, public use, general aviation airport.[45] Nearby Ontario International Airport and more distant Los Angeles International Airport offer commercial flights.

Upland is served by the Metrolink commuter rail system on the San Bernardino Line.[46] Metrolink's San Bernardino Line runs from Los Angeles Union Station to San Bernardino. The line was built in 1887 by the Atchison, Topeka and Santa Fe Railway.[27] AT&SF ceased passenger operations in the late 1960s, but Metrolink acquired the railroad tracks in 1992 and resumed passenger transportation.[47] The Upland Metrolink Station is located at the site of the AT&SF station built in 1937. The 1937 station house is currently used by a retail store, but the rail platform is used for Metrolink operations.[48] The Burlington Northern Santa Fe Railway continues to operate rail freight on the line.[49]

Euclid Avenue is part of California Highway 83, a north-south routh that connects to Ontario and Chino to the south. Foothill Boulevard is part of California Highway 66, an east-west route that was formerly part of U.S. Route 66.

Bus service in Upland is provided by Omnitrans.

Interstate 10 runs along Upland's boundary with Ontario, and connects Upland with Los Angeles to the west and San Bernardino the east. The east-west running Interstate 210 runs through the northern part of Upland, connecting to Pasadena to the west and San Bernardino to the east.

Economy

Peter Popoff's People United for Christ is based in Upland.[50]

Top employers

According to the City's 2014 Comprehensive Annual Financial Report,[51] the top employers in the city are:

# Employer # of Employees
1 San Antonio Community Hospital 1,998
2 Upland Unified School District 1,200
3 City of Upland 373
4 Walmart 310
5 Upland Rehabilitation & Care Center 300
6 Target 220
7 Lewis Group of Companies 200
8 Kohl's 195
9 Holliday Rock 181
10 The Home Depot 141

Culture

Skateboarding

Upland is known in Southern California skateboard culture as a spot for vertical skateboarding. Several famous skateboarders have visited the city, known as "Badlands" in skateboarding culture due to its geographical location.[52] On Saturday May 19, 2012, Mayor Ray Musser acknowledged local Stan Hoffman, the owner of the now defunct Pipeline Skatepark, by giving him a lifetime achievement for his contribution to the skate culture.[53]

Museums

Upland Fire Department Museum. The museum is housed in the first fire station in the city. The museum houses fire fighting equipment and photographs. The station building dates back to 1915. The museum houses the original Upland fire truck from 1916.[54]

Cooper Regional History Museum. The former headquarters of the Ontario-Cucamonga (O.K.) Fruit Exchange is a 1937 Art Moderne style building on the corner of Second Avenue and "A" Street, in Upland. The largest room is dedicated to the wine and citrus history of the area, with a smaller room with Native American photos and tools, and a hallway bursting with photographs and antique furniture.[55]

Theater

The Grove Theatre is located in the Historic District of downtown Upland. The 831-seat theater was built in 1947. The Grove Theatre has been operated since 1990 by Sherry Kinison who bought and renovated the theater. The theater stages family-oriented plays and operates a school that provides instruction the performing arts.[56]

Festivals

The Upland Lemon Festival began in 1997 and is celebrated annually in April. The festival celebrates the city’s citrus industry and includes the Lemon Idol vocal contest, food competitions, and carnival rides. The festival is held in downtown Upland.[57]

Upland is mentioned in the 2008 Keanu Reeves film Street Kings as the home of LAPD Internal Affairs Captain James Biggs (played by Hugh Laurie).[58]

Points of interest

Madonna of the Trail statue in Upland

Madonna of the Trail

In 1929, the Daughters of the American Revolution placed a Madonna of the Trail statue in Upland at the intersection of Foothill Boulevard and Euclid Avenue.[59] The twelve Madonna of the Trail statues, created by sculptor August Leimbach, mark the route of the National Old Trails road with the westernmost statue being that in Upland.[60] One of the inscriptions on the base of the Madonna of the Trail statue notes that, in 1826, Jedediah Smith passed through what later became Upland, leading a band of 16 trappers in an expedition that marked the first American entry into California over land.[61]

Historic Route 66

While Route 66 was disestablished in 1985, remnants of the classic highway can still be seen today on Foothill Boulevard in Upland, including a "classic" McDonald's with the original golden arches and the vintage Buffalo Inn, where buffalo burgers have been served since 1929.[62]

Euclid Avenue

Euclid Avenue was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 2005.[63] The 3-mile Bridle Path runs down the center of Euclid Avenue from Foothill Boulevard to 24th Street. The Bridle Path is also used for walking and jogging.[64]

Historic Downtown Upland

The oldest part of Upland is east of Euclid between 8th Street and Arrow Highway. Historic Downtown Upland is a group of downtown merchants who work together to promote and enhance the historic business district. Downtown is made up of nearly 200 businesses providing a diversity of merchandise and services.[65] The Upland Farmers Market is held in downtown Upland every Thursday from April through October.[66]

Schools

Public

Upland is served by the Upland Unified School District. Part of Upland falls within the Chaffey Joint Union High School District, but none of the CJUHSD schools are located in Upland.

Secondary schools

Middle schools

Elementary schools

Private

Notable people

Born in Upland

Other Upland residents

Sister cities

Upland has two sister cities, as designated by Sister Cities International:

References

  1. ↑ "California Cities by Incorporation Date" (Word). California Association of Local Agency Formation Commissions. Retrieved August 25, 2014.
  2. ↑ "City Council". City of Upland. Retrieved December 29, 2014.
  3. ↑ "2010 Census U.S. Gazetteer Files – Places – California". United States Census Bureau.
  4. ↑ "Upland". Geographic Names Information System. United States Geological Survey. Retrieved October 18, 2014.
  5. 1 2 "Upland (city) QuickFacts". United States Census Bureau. Retrieved March 20, 2015.
  6. ↑ Southern California Panama Expositions Commission (1914). Southern California. p. 181.
  7. ↑ "From Mule to Motor Bus on Street Car Tracks". Popular Science. 101 (4): 61. October 1922.
  8. ↑ Rowsome, Frank (1956). Trolley Car Treasury: a century of American streetcars horsecars, cable cars, interurbans, and trolleys. McGraw-Hill. p. 27.
  9. 1 2 3 Nathan Masters (May 26, 2011). "New Mexico to Southern California: The Old Spanish Trail, Explained". KCET. Retrieved 30 March 2013.
  10. ↑ Rev. Father Juan Caballeria (1902). History of San Bernardino Valley from the padres to the pioneers, 1810-1851. p. 34.
  11. ↑ "Discovering the Anza Trail" (PDF). National Park Service. Retrieved 30 March 2013.
  12. ↑ Rev. Father Juan Caballeria (1902). History of San Bernardino Valley from the padres to the pioneers, 1810-1851. p. 37.
  13. ↑ "Juan Bautista de Anza National Historic Trail, Arizona and California". National Park Service. Retrieved 30 March 2013.
  14. ↑ Sullivan, Noelle (December 8, 2009). It Happened in Southern California: Remarkable Events That Shaped History (2nd ed.). Globe Pequot. pp. 7–9. ISBN 978-0-7627-5423-6. Retrieved September 29, 2011.
  15. ↑ Rev. Father Juan Caballeria (1902). History of San Bernardino Valley from the padres to the pioneers, 1810-1851. pp. 38–39.
  16. ↑ Rev. Father Juan Caballeria (1902). History of San Bernardino Valley from the padres to the pioneers, 1810-1851. p. 100.
  17. ↑ "California Explorers: Jedediah Smith". Bureau of Land Management Needles Field Office. Retrieved 30 March 2013.
  18. ↑ Historic Context for The City of Ontario’s Citrus Industry. City of Ontario. 2007. p. 2. Retrieved 31 March 2013.
  19. ↑ Rev. Father Juan Caballeria (1902). History of San Bernardino Valley from the padres to the pioneers, 1810-1851. p. 82.
  20. ↑ Rev. Father Juan Caballeria (1902). History of San Bernardino Valley from the padres to the pioneers, 1810-1851. p. 98.
  21. ↑ H. I. Willey (1886). Report of the Surveyor-General of the State of California From August 1, 1884, to August 1, 1886 (PDF). p. 14.
  22. 1 2 3 4 "History of Ontario, CA". Retrieved 30 March 2013.
  23. ↑ Mark Landis (August 24, 2012). "George Chaffey moved water to build towns". San Bernardino Sun. Retrieved 31 March 2013.
  24. ↑ Historic Context for The City of Ontario’s Citrus Industry. City of Ontario. 2007. p. 5. Retrieved 31 March 2013.
  25. ↑ Historic Context for The City of Ontario's Citrus Industry. City of Ontario. 2007. p. 13. Retrieved 31 March 2013.
  26. 1 2 "History of Upland, CA". Retrieved 30 March 2013.
  27. 1 2 Atchison, Topeka and Santa Fe Railroad Station Upland Historic Homes, City of Upland Public Library, Accessed March 29, 2013
  28. ↑ The Story of Frances Mary Paul, San Antonio Community Hospital, Retrieved on 2013-04-04
  29. ↑ Upland Fire Department History, City of Upland, Retrieved on 2013-03-31
  30. ↑ Automobile Club Of Southern California (1916). The National Old Trails Road To Southern California (PDF). p. 2.
  31. ↑ The Origins of Route 66, National Park Service, Retrieved on 2013-03-29.
  32. 1 2 "History timeline of the Inland Empire, California". San Bernardino Sun. October 30, 2007. Retrieved 31 March 2013.
  33. ↑ Historic Context for The City of Ontario’s Citrus Industry. City of Ontario. 2007. pp. 42–43. Retrieved 31 March 2013.
  34. ↑ "Taking a Closer Look at Upland's Rich History". Inland Empire Daily Bulletin. April 15, 1998. Retrieved 10 April 2013.
  35. 1 2 "City Demographics". City of Upland. Retrieved 30 March 2013.
  36. 1 2 "Monthly Averages for Upland, CA (91786)". Weather.com. Retrieved 30 March 2013.
  37. ↑ Climate Summary Upland, California
  38. ↑ "Annual Estimates of the Resident Population for Incorporated Places: April 1, 2010 to July 1, 2015". Retrieved July 2, 2016.
  39. ↑ "Census of Population and Housing". Census.gov. Retrieved June 4, 2015.
  40. ↑ "2010 Census Interactive Population Search: CA - Upland city". U.S. Census Bureau. Retrieved July 12, 2014.
  41. 1 2 http://quickfacts.census.gov/qfd/states/06/0681344.html. Missing or empty |title= (help)
  42. ↑ "American FactFinder". United States Census Bureau. Retrieved 2008-01-31.
  43. ↑ "Statewide Database". UC Regents. Retrieved December 29, 2014.
  44. ↑ California Citizens Redistricting Commission, Statewide Database, California Electoral Districts, 2011. Retrieved on 2013-03-29.
  45. ↑ History – Cable Airport Through The Years. Cable Airport. Retrieved on 2012-04-21.
  46. ↑ Upland Station Metrolink Retrieved March 29, 2013
  47. ↑ Metrolink 20th Anniversary Report, Southern California Regional Rail Authority, 2012, page 6, accessed March 29, 2013
  48. ↑ Atchison, Topeka and Santa Fe Railroad Station Upland Historic Homes, City of Upland Public Library, accessed March 29, 2013
  49. ↑ BNSF Car Load Map, BNSF Railway, June 2011, accessed March 29, 2013
  50. ↑ Nonprofit Report for PEOPLE UNITED FOR CHRIST INC
  51. ↑ City of Upland CAFR. None. Retrieved on 2016-11-16.
  52. ↑ Sandra Emerson (May 16, 2012). "Upland skateboarding event Saturday to celebrate legendary Pipeline Skatepark". Inland Valley Daily Bulletin. Retrieved 29 March 2013.
  53. ↑ Upland Badlands Bash Ceremony and Speeches Stan Hoffman receives commendation from city of Upland mayor Ray Musser, May 19th, 2012, Retrieved on 2013-03-29.
  54. ↑ Upland Fire Department Museum Waymarking.com, Retrieved on 2013-03-31.
  55. ↑ Cooper Regional History Museum, Retrieved on 2013-03-31.
  56. ↑ Grove Theatre, Cinema Treasurs, Retrieved on 2013-04-07.
  57. ↑ Upland Lemon Festival, Retrieved on 2013-04-07.
  58. ↑ David Allen (April 15, 2012). "'Street' cred for Upland". Inland Valley Daily Bulletin. Retrieved 30 March 2013.
  59. ↑ Madonna of the Trail Monument Locations, Daughters of the American Revolution, Retrieved on 2013-03-29.
  60. ↑ Madonna of the Trail Monument, Daughters of the American Revolution, Retrieved on 2013-03-29.
  61. ↑ Waymark - Madonna of the Trail - Upland, California, Waymarking.com, Retrieved on 2013-03-29.
  62. ↑ The Inland Empire on Route 66, Legends of America
  63. ↑ National Register of Historic Places, accessed 2013-04-07
  64. ↑ Mark Kendall (September 12, 2004). "A shaded trail into the past". Los Angeles Times. Retrieved 7 April 2013.
  65. ↑ Historic Downtown Upland, Accessed 03-31-2013
  66. ↑ Historic Downtown Upland, Accessed 04-07-2013
  67. ↑ Herman, Jan. "Playwright Engineers a Dual Life : Scientist Roger Rueff Spent Nights Penning 'Hospitality Suite,' Now on SCR's Second Stage", Los Angeles Times, Los Angeles, 30 April 1992. Retrieved on 03 September 2014.
  68. ↑ "Sean Tracey Stats". Baseball Almanac. Retrieved December 3, 2012.
  69. ↑ "Jason Wright". databaseFootball.com. Retrieved December 3, 2012.
  70. ↑ Yarbrough, Beau (2013-01-24). "Grosse Pointe Blank screenwriter dies after collapsing at CSUSB". The San Bernardino Sun. Retrieved 2013-02-04.
  71. ↑ Chaffey, William Benjamin (1856–1926), by Peter Westcott, Australian Dictionary of Biography, accessed March 30, 2013
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Coordinates: 34°06′00″N 117°38′49″W / 34.0999°N 117.6470°W / 34.0999; -117.6470

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