Timeline of the Napoleonic era

Timeline of the Napoleonic era (1799–1815). The Napoleonic era began in 1799 with Napoleon Bonaparte's coup d'état, that overthrew the Directory and established the French Consulate. It ended in 1815 during the Hundred Days with his defeat at the Battle of Waterloo or a few days later when he abdicated for the second time.

Napoleon Bonaparte

Main article: Napoleon I of France

Napoleon Bonaparte (French: Napoléon Bonaparte [napoleɔ̃ bɔnɑpaʁt], Italian: Napoleone Buonaparte; 15 August 1769 – 5 May 1821) was a French military and political leader who rose to prominence during the latter stages of the French Revolution and its associated wars in Europe.

Early years

1769

August 15: Napoleon Bonaparte born in Corsica

1785

October 28: Napoleon graduates from Ecole Militaire with the rank of second lieutenant in the artillery.
November 3: Stationed in Valence

1793

December 22: For his brilliant tactical command (although a subordinate officer, he was widely credited for the victory) at an internal French battle at Toulon, Napoleon receives the new rank of brigadier general

1794

August 9–20: Napoleon is imprisoned under suspicion of being a Jacobin and a supporter of Robespierre.

1795

October: Royalist 13 Vendémiaire rising put down by Napoleon. Barras helps Napoleon win promotion to Commander of the Interior.
October 15: At the home of Paul Barras, a Directory member, Napoleon meets Rose de Beauharnais (Josephine)
2 November: Directory established

1796

March 2: Napoleon is given command of the French army in Italy
March 11: Italian campaign against Austria begins
May 10: Napoleon wins the Battle of Lodi
November 17: Napoleon wins the Battle of Arcole

1797

January 14: Napoleon wins the Battle of Rivoli
October 17: Treaty of Campo Formio with Austria.
December 5: Napoleon returns to Paris as a hero

1798

May 19: Napoleon begins his Egyptian campaign with an army of 38,000
July 21: Wins Battle of the Pyramids against Mamelukes in Egypt
July 24: Fall of Cairo
August 2: Under the command of Admiral Nelson, the British fleet destroys the French navy in the Battle of the Nile. Napoleon's army is cut off from supplies and communication.

Napoleonic era

1799

August 23: Receiving news of turmoil in France, Napoleon relinquishes command in Egypt and returns to Paris, a so-called Coup d’état
November 9–10: Coup of Brumaire Napoleon overthrows the Directory.
December 12: Napoleon elected First Consul of the Consulate.

1800

June 14: Battle of Marengo.
December 24: Napoleon escapes an assassination attempt

1801

February 9: Treaty with Austria signed at Lunéville: Treaty of Lunéville.
Concordant of 1801.
July 8: Battle of Algeciras.

1802

March 25: Treaty of Amiens.
May 1: Napoleon restructures French educational system.
May 19: Legion of Honour established.
August 2: New constitution adopted, plebiscite confirms Napoleon as First Consul for life.

1803

May 3: Napoleon sells the Louisiana territory to the U.S.A.
May 18: Britain declares war on France.
May 26: France invades Hanover.

1804

March 21: Introduction of the Civil Code (also known as Napoleon Code).
May: Napoleon proclaimed Emperor by the Senate.
December 2: Napoleon crowns himself Emperor, in the company of the Pope.

1805

October 19: Battle of Ulm.
October 21: Battle of Trafalgar.

Admiral Lord Nelson Killed.

October 30: Battle of Caldiero.
December 2: Battle of Austerlitz.

1806

March 30: Napoleon names his brother, Joseph Bonaparte, king of Naples, and appoints other family members to various other posts.
July 12: Confederation of the Rhine, Napoleon as ‘protector’. Initially had 16 member states, later others added, including kingdoms of Saxony and Westphalia.
Holy Roman Empire abolished.
September 15: Prussia joins Britain and Russia against Napoleon.
October 14: Battle of Jena and Battle of Auerstadt.
November 21: The Berlin Decree (1806), which initiated the Continental System was issued.

1807

February 8: Battle of Eylau.
June 14: Battle of Friedland.
June 25: Treaty of Tilsit signed between Russia and France.
October : Napoleon and Spain divide Portugal through a secret treaty.

1808

March 17: Imperial University established.
May 2: Spanish people rise up against France. Often referred to as Dos de Mayo Uprising.
July 7: Joseph crowned King of Spain, after Portugal revolts against the Continental System/Blockade Napoleon had put in place. Napoleon collected 5 armies to advance into Portugal and 'bullied' the Spanish royal family into resigning.
Peninsular War.

1809

April 19: Battle of Raszyn.
May 22: Battle of Aspern-Essling - First defeat of Napoleon in 10 years.
July 5–6: Battle of Wagram - Success for Napoleon, Austria loses territory and must enforce the Continental System.
October 14: Treaty of Schönbrunn signed.
December 14: Public announcement of Napoleon's divorce from Joséphine.

1810

March 11: Napoleon marries Marie Louise of Austria by proxy in Vienna.
April 1: Napoleon officially marries Marie Louise of Austria in Paris.

1811

March 20: Napoleon's son born, referred to as the "King of Rome".

1812

July 22: Battle of Salamanca.
August 4–6: Battle of Smolensk.
September 1: Moscow evacuated.
September 7: Battle of Borodino.
September 14: Napoleon arrives in Moscow to find the city abandoned and set alight by the inhabitants; retreating in the midst of a frigid winter, the army suffers great losses.
October 19: Beginning of the Great Retreat.
October 24: Battle of Maloyaroslavets.
November: Crossing of the River Berezina.
December: Grande Armée expelled from Russia.

1813

April 2: Battle of Luneburg
May 2: Battle of Lützen.
May 20–21: Battle of Bautzen.
May 26: Battle of Haynau
June 4–26: Armistice of Poischwitz.
June 21: Battle of Vitoria.
August 15: Siege of Danzig.
August 23: Battle of Großbeeren.
August 26–27: Battle of Dresden.
August 26: Battle of Katzbach.
August 27: Battle of Hagelberg
August 29–30: Battle of Kulm.
August 31: Battle of San Marcial
September 6: Battle of Dennewitz.
September 16: Battle of the Göhrde.
September 28: Battle of Altenburg.
October 3: Battle of Wartenburg.
October 7: Battle of Bidassoa.
October 14: Battle of Liebertwolkwitz.
October 16–19: Battle of Leipzig.
October 30–31: Battle of Hanau.
November 10: Battle of Nivelle.
October 31: End of the Siege of Pamplona
December 7: Battle of Bornhöved.
December 9–13: Battles of the Nive.
December 10: Battle of Sehestedt.

1814

February 10–14: Six Days Campaign.
February 15: Battle of Garris
February 27: Battle of Orthez
April 10: Battle of Toulouse
March 30–31: Battle of Paris.
April 4: Napoleon abdicates his rule and Louis XVIII, a Bourbon, is restored to the French throne
April 11: Treaty of Fontainebleau (1814) Napoleon agrees to exile in Elba, the allies agree to pay his family a pension.
April 14: Battle of Bayonne
May 4: Napoleon is exiled to Elba; his wife and son take refuge in Vienna

1815: Main: Hundred Days: Timeline; see also:Diplomatic timeline for 1815

February 20: Napoleon escapes from Elba.
March 20: Napoleon arrives in Paris.

Beginning of the Hundred Days

June 16: Battle of Ligny.
June 18: Battle of Waterloo.
June 28: Restoration of Louis XVIII
October 16: : Napoleon is exiled to Saint Helena

1821

May 5: Napoleon dies

References

Jack Allen Meyer (1987). An Annotated Bibliography of the Napoleonic Era: Recent Publications, 1945-1985 ISBN 0-313-24901-6

Timeline of the Napoleonic era

Napoleon Bonaparte

Early years

Napoleonic era

References

Further reading