Timeline of Stockholm history

Seal of Stockholm known from an imprint from 1296; most likely the city's first seal mentioned in a letter from 1281.^[1]

The following is a timeline of the history of the city of Stockholm, Sweden.

Pre-history

Main article: Pre-history and origin of Stockholm

Part of a series on the
History of Sweden

Prehistoric Prehistory (12000 BC–800 AD) Viking Age (800–1050)
Consolidation Middle Ages (1050–1397) Kalmar Union (1397–1521) Early Vasa era (1521–1611)
Great Power Emerging Great Power (1611–1648) Swedish Empire (1648–1718)
Enlightenment Age of Liberty (1718–1772) Age of Absolutionism (1772–1809)
Liberalization Constitution and Union (1809–1866) United Kingdoms (1814–1905) Industrialization (1866–1905) Early 20th century (1905–1914) World War I (1914–1918)
Modern Interwar period (1918–1939) World War II (1939–1945) Postwar period (1945–1967) Second half of Cold War (1967–1991) Post-Cold War (1991–present)
Topical Military history of Sweden Economic history of Sweden
Timeline
Sweden portal

750–790: The trade centre Birka is established on Lake Mälaren (then part of the Baltic Sea) not far from Stockholm.^[2]
c. 975: Birka is abandoned.^[2]
c. 1000: Sigtuna emerges as the city dominating the Lake Mälaren region.^[2]
1247: Battle of Sparrsätra Birger Magnusson defeats the "true Folkungs".^[3]
1248: Birger becomes jarl.^[3]
1250: Birger initiates a "crusade" against the "tavasts".^[3]
1251: Battle of Herrevadsbro where Birger eliminates the "true Folkungs".^[3]

Middle Ages

1252: First historical mentioning of Stockholm.^[3]
1266: Birger dies and is buried at Varnhem's church.^[3]
1269: First known political confrontation in Stockholm.^[3]
1270: The Grey Friar's Abbey, Stockholm, is founded.
1275: Magnus Ladulås becomes king.^[3]
1279: Storkyrkan is first mentioned.^[3]
1280: A political meeting at Adelsö results in the establishment of Swedish nobility.^[3]
1281: The seal of Stockholm is first mentioned.^[3]
1285: Magnus decrees he wishes to be buried in Stockholm.^[3]
1289: In a decree, Magnus grants citizens settling near St. Clare's Priory, Stockholm on Norrmalm the same rights as citizens within the city walls (which also gets mentioned for the first time), resulting in the first expansion beyond the central island Stadsholmen.^[3]
1289: In a letter to the Pope, Stockholm is described as having become "more populous than any other city in our country in a few years".^[3]
1290: Magnus dies, his son Birger becomes king.^[3]
1292: Magnus is buried in the Greyfriars church.^[3]
1293: Under Torkel Knutsson, a crusade is launched aiming at the Vyborg Bay.^[3]
1336: Foundation of the Black Friars' Monastery of Stockholm
1350: The Black Death enters the city
1388: The city is given full city rights, as ratified by king Albert of Mecklenburg
1389: The rivalry between the Swedish and German population leads to a massacre on the Swedes, the Käpplinge murders, by the German Hättebröder.^[4]
1392: Forces of the Danish Queen Margaret besieged the city
1392: Privateers named Victual Brothers supplied the besieged city with food
1419: Stockholm becomes the capital of Sweden
1471: The Battle of Brunkeberg is won by Sten Sture the elder, and the Danish are ousted.
1483: Printer Johann Snell active.^[5]
1520: The Stockholm bloodbath is perpetrated by Christian II of Denmark
1521: Gustav Vasa marches into Stockholm.
1527-28: The Swedish Reformation close down all convents operating in Stockholm.
1558: Danviken Hospital is inaugurated to replace the social care previously managed by the convents.
1576: Foundation of the Catholic Collegium Regium Stockholmense attracts controversy: it is closed after a riot in 1593.

Swedish Empire

1602: Norrmalm is made an autonomous city.^[6]
1611: Gustavus II Adolphus becomes king.^[6]
1618: The scandal around the infamous brothel of Sara Simonsdotter is exposed.
1622: First preserved map of Stockholm dates from this year
1625: A devastating fire destroys the south-western part of Stadsholmen. A city plan for the area is produced the following year.^[6]
1630: Gustavus enters the Thirty Years' War.^[6]
1632: Gustavus dies at the Battle of Lützen.^[6]
1633: The orphanage Stora Barnhuset is founded.
1632–1644: Regency of Queen Christina led by Axel Oxenstierna.^[6]
1634: An Instrument of Government establishes the first Office of the Over-Governor of Stockholm (Överståthållarämbetet).^[6]
1635: Norrmalm is unified with Stockholm.^[6]
1636: An important reform renders the management of the city more efficient. Anders Torstensson begins working in Stockholm.^[6] The prison Nya Smedjegården is founded.
1637: Regulation of Norrmalm begins.^[6]
1639–40: Parts of Ladugårdslandet is donated to the city.^[6]
1640: Eastern part of Norrmalm is destroyed by fire. A city plan is quickly set up for the district.^[6] The first public theatre, Björngårdsteatern, opens.
1642: Regulation begins on Södermalm. A decision is taken to transfer Munklägret to the city.^[6]
1644: Eastern half of Kungsholmen is donated to the city.^[6]
1648: Peace of Westphalia grants Sweden considerable territories in the southern Baltic region.^[6]
1649: Inauguration of the women's work house prison Långholmens spinnhus.
1654: Queen Christina abdicates. Charles X of Sweden becomes king.^[6]
1665: Jean de la Vallée produces a plan for a street stretching from Gustav Adolfs Torg to Hagaparken (Sveavägen).^[6]
1661: Nicodemus Tessin the Elder becomes City Architect.^[6]
1667: The theaters of Lejonkulan and Bollhuset is inaugurated, initially as court theaters, but soon also open to the public.
1691: The textile factory Barnängens manufaktur, one of the two biggest in the capitol during the following century, is founded.
1697: The Royal Castle is destroyed in a fire.^[6]
1710: The last plague reach the city.

Age of Liberty

1719: The city narrowly escape Russian invasion.
1731: The religious dissident group Gråkoltarna is imprisoned.
1737: The first national stage is founded in the theatre of Bollhuset.
1752: The first modern hospital, Serafimerlasarettet, is founded.
1753: The Du Londel Troupe inaugurate the French theater at Bollhuset.
1754: The case celebre of Risbadstugan.
1756: The queen's failed Coup of 1756 is suppressed in the streets of the capital.
1759: Great Stockholm Fire 1759.
1768: December Crisis (1768).

Gustavian Era

1772: Absolute monarchy is reintroduced through the Revolution of 1772.
1772: Torture is abolished, and the torture chambers Tjuvakällaren and Rosenkammaren is closed.
1773: Foundation of Royal Swedish Opera in the Bollhuset.
1775: Foundation of the first maternity hospital, Allmänna BB.
1784: The Stenborg Company inaugurate its first permanent theater building by the foundation of the Stenborg Theatre.
1788: Foundation of the Royal Dramatic Theatre.
1793: Ebel riot.
1798-99: A theater monopoly is introduced which reserve all theater performances within the city walls of Stockholm to the two royal theaters: Royal Swedish Opera and the Royal Dramatic Theatre. This monopoly is in place until 1842.

Industrial Era

1801: Foundation of the Djurgårdsteatern.
1806: The steam engine is introduced in Stockholm at the Eldkvarn gristmill.^[7]
1831: Foundation of Wallinska skolan, the first school offering serious education to female pupils.
1838: The local city authorities makes an attempt to control prostitution through the sponsorship of two approved brothels, London and Stadt Hamburg: the experiment is however discontinued in 1841.
1842: The theater monopoly is abolished and Mindre teatern is founded.
1846: Adolf Eugene von Rosen and Georg Theodor Policron von Chiewitz proposes a regulation of Gamla stan.^[8]
1847: Åhlinska skolan is founded.
1848: The riots Marsoroligheterna occur inspired by the Revolutions of 1848.
1851: The first Deaconess institution in Sweden, Ersta diakoni, is founded headed by Maria Cederschiöld (deaconess).
1852: Sofia Posse takes over the prestigious finnishing school Hammarstedtska skolan.
1857: A regulation of Gamla stan is proposed by A. E. Schuldheis and discussed in the parliament. Gets rejected two years later.^[8]
1859: Södra Teatern is established.
1860: A.E. Schwabitz and A.E. Rudberg produces a proposal for the regulation of Gamla stan.^[8]
1861: Högre lärarinneseminariet, the first academic institution open to women, is founded. A decision is taken to construct Strandvägen.^[8]
1862: Rudberg publishes a minor revision of his proposal. A new administrative reform comes into effect.^[8]
1863–1864: Rudberg and Gillis Bildt develop a city plan for Stockholm. Albert Lindhagen is appointed head of a commission to examine the plan the following year, only to produce a plan of his own in 1866. The plan, published in 1867, results in no actions.^[8]
1871: Stockholm Central Station is inaugurated.^[7]
1874–80: Various plans for different districts are discussed. Three are accepted by the king.
1875: Foundation of the Swedish Theatre (Stockholm).
1877: Gumaelius advertising agency in business.^[9]
1878: The famous Eldkvarn fire.
1884: Inauguration of the Sophiahemmet University College.
1897: General Art and Industrial Exposition of Stockholm (1897)

Modern history

1917: Anti-war socialist Zimmerwald Conference held.
1927: Albert Lilienberg is appointed "city-planning superintendent" (stadsplanedirektör). He presents a plan for the regulation of "densely populated districts" the following year.^[10]
1932–33: International contest for a city plan for the southern part of Norrmalm.^[10]
1936: Lilienberg's plan is rejected by the Stockholm City Council. Paul Hedqvist presents an alternative plan corresponding to today's reality.^[10]
1945: The principal decision to carry through the Redevelopment of Norrmalm is passed on Yngve Larssons initiative, in order to facilitate the Stockholm Metro and to elongate long-debated Sveavägen down to its present end at Sergels Torg.^[10]
1946: A plan for Norrmalm similar to today's Sergels Torg is presented by Sven Markelius and David Helldén but is ignored by the city council.^[10]
1951–1952: A new plan is passed and demolition works for the Stockholm Metro begin.^[10]
1960: Final proposal for Sergels Torg is accepted by the council.^[10]
1962 and 1967: Revised plans enlarging earlier demolition plans are presented and accepted.^[10]
1966: Stockholm International Peace Research Institute established.^[11]
1971: The tree-hugger campaign Almstriden in Kungsträdgården.^[10]
1973: The Norrmalmstorg robbery hostage crisis occurred at Norrmalmstorg, eventually giving birth the term Stockholm syndrome.
1975: New plan cancels all earlier plans to rebuild central Stockholm.^[10]
1982: The European Court passes a sentence over the expropriations in connection to the destruction of southern Norrmalm, making Sweden the first Nordic country to be sentenced for offending human rights.^[10]
1986: Prime minister Olof Palme is assassinated on Sveavägen.
2003: Minister for Foreign Affairs Anna Lindh is assassinated at the NK department store.

Historical population

An 1888 German map of Stockholm.

Year	Inhabitants^[12]
1252	100
1289	3,000
1460	6,000
1500	7,000
1523	3,000
1582	9,000
1650	30,000
1685	60,000
1700	40,000
1750	58,400
1800	75,800
1850	93,000
1875	145,000
1900	300,500
1925	442,500
1950	744,500
1960	808,600
1970	744,900
1980	647,200
1990	674,500
2000	750,300
2004	765,000

Notes

↑ Hall, p 21
1 2 3 Hall, pp 13–16
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 Hall, p 49.
↑ Hättebröder i Nordisk familjebok (första upplagan, 1884)
↑ Robert Proctor (1898). "Books Printed From Types: Sweden". Index to the Early Printed Books in the British Museum. London: Kegan Paul, Trench, Trübner and Company – via HathiTrust.
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 Hall, p 97.
1 2 Andersson, Stockholms årsringar, pp 49–56
1 2 3 4 5 6 Hall, p 125.
↑ Patrick Robertson (2011). Robertson's Book of Firsts. Bloomsbury. ISBN 978-1-60819-738-5.
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 Hall, pp 211–212.
↑ "Organizations". International Relations and Security Network. Switzerland: Eidgenössische Technische Hochschule Zürich. Retrieved October 2014. Check date values in: |access-date= (help)
↑ "Rapporten befolkningen i Stockholm 1252–2005 (4,2 Mb)" (PDF) (in Swedish). Utrednings- och Statistikkontoret. p. 55. Retrieved 29 February 2008.

References

Hall, Thomas (1999). Huvudstad i omvandling – Stockholms planering och utbyggnad under 700 år (in Swedish). Stockholm: Sveriges Radios förlag. ISBN 91-522-1810-4.
Andersson, Magnus (1997). Stockholms årsringar – En inblick i stadens framväxt (in Swedish). Stockholmia förlag. ISBN 91-7031-068-8.

"Stockholm", Norway, Sweden, and Denmark (8th ed.), Leipsic: Karl Baedeker, 1903
"Stockholm", Norwegen, Schweden und Dänemark [Norway, Sweden, and Denmark], Meyers Reisebücher (in German) (10th ed.), Leipzig: Bibliographisches Institut, 1911
Peter Newman; Jeffrey Kenworthy (1999). "Case Studies in Overcoming Automobile Dependence: (Stockholm)". Sustainability and Cities: Overcoming Automobile Dependence. Island Press. p. 208+. ISBN 978-1-59726-259-0.

Years in Sweden

16th century	1501 1502 1503 1504 1505 1506 1507 1508 1509 1510 1511 1512 1513 1514 1515 1516 1517 1518 1519 1520 1521 1522 1523 1524 1525 1526 1527 1528 1529 1530 1531 1532 1533 1534 1535 1536 1537 1538 1539 1540 1541 1542 1543 1544 1545 1546 1547 1548 1549 1550 1551 1552 1553 1554 1555 1556 1557 1558 1559 1560 1561 1562 1563 1564 1565 1566 1567 1568 1569 1570 1571 1572 1573 1573 1575 1576 1577 1578 1579 1580 1581 1582 1583 1584 1585 1586 1587 1588 1589 1590 1591 1592 1593 1594 1595 1596 1597 1598 1599 1600

17th century	1601 1602 1603 1604 1605 1606 1607 1608 1609 1610 1611 1612 1613 1614 1615 1616 1617 1618 1619 1620 1621 1622 1623 1624 1625 1626 1627 1628 1629 1630 1631 1632 1633 1634 1635 1636 1637 1638 1639 1640 1641 1642 1643 1644 1645 1646 1647 1648 1649 1650 1651 1652 1653 1654 1655 1656 1657 1658 1659 1660 1661 1662 1663 1664 1665 1666 1667 1668 1669 1670 1671 1672 1673 1673 1675 1676 1677 1678 1679 1680 1681 1682 1683 1684 1685 1686 1687 1688 1689 1690 1691 1692 1693 1694 1695 1696 1697 1698 1699 1700

18th century	1701 1702 1703 1704 1705 1706 1707 1708 1709 1710 1711 1712 1713 1714 1715 1716 1717 1718 1719 1720 1721 1722 1723 1724 1725 1726 1727 1728 1729 1730 1731 1732 1733 1734 1735 1736 1737 1738 1739 1740 1741 1742 1743 1744 1745 1746 1747 1748 1749 1750 1751 1752 1753 1754 1755 1756 1757 1758 1759 1760 1761 1762 1763 1764 1765 1766 1767 1768 1769 1770 1771 1772 1773 1773 1775 1776 1777 1778 1779 1780 1781 1782 1783 1784 1785 1786 1787 1788 1789 1790 1791 1792 1793 1794 1795 1796 1797 1798 1799 1800

19th century	1801 1802 1803 1804 1805 1806 1807 1808 1809 1810 1811 1812 1813 1814 1815 1816 1817 1818 1819 1820 1821 1822 1823 1824 1825 1826 1827 1828 1829 1830 1831 1832 1833 1834 1835 1836 1837 1838 1839 1840 1841 1842 1843 1844 1845 1846 1847 1848 1849 1850 1851 1852 1853 1854 1855 1856 1857 1858 1859 1860 1861 1862 1863 1864 1865 1866 1867 1868 1869 1870 1871 1872 1873 1874 1875 1876 1877 1878 1879 1880 1881 1882 1883 1884 1885 1886 1887 1888 1889 1890 1891 1892 1893 1894 1895 1896 1897 1898 1899 1900

20th century	1901 1902 1903 1904 1905 1906 1907 1908 1909 1910 1911 1912 1913 1914 1915 1916 1917 1918 1919 1920 1921 1922 1923 1924 1925 1926 1927 1928 1929 1930 1931 1932 1933 1934 1935 1936 1937 1938 1939 1940 1941 1942 1943 1944 1945 1946 1947 1948 1949 1950 1951 1952 1953 1954 1955 1956 1957 1958 1959 1960 1961 1962 1963 1964 1965 1966 1967 1968 1969 1970 1971 1972 1973 1974 1975 1976 1977 1978 1979 1980 1981 1982 1983 1984 1985 1986 1987 1988 1989 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000

21st century	2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016

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