Timeline of Beirut
Coordinates: 33°53′13″N 35°30′47″E / 33.88694°N 35.51306°E The following is a timeline of the history of the city of Beirut, Lebanon.
This is a dynamic list and may never be able to satisfy particular standards for completeness. You can help by expanding it with reliably sourced entries.
Prior to 20th century
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- 140 BC - City destroyed by Diodotus Tryphon.[1]
- 64 BC - Beirut conquered by Agrippa.
- 14 BC - During the reign of Herod the Great, Berytus became a colonia.
- 551 CE - Earthquake.[1]
- 635 - Beirut passes into Arab control.[1]
- 759 - Prince Arslan bin al-Mundhir founds the Principality of Sin-el-Fil in Beirut.
- 1111 - Baldwin overtakes city.[1]
- 1187 - Saladin overtakes city.[1]
- 1763 - Ottomans reclaim the city.[1]
- 1832 - Ibrahim Pasha of Egypt in power.[2]
- 1840 - October: Battle of Beirut.[2]
- 1853 - Grand Serail built.
- 1858 - Government Hadiqat al-Akhbar newspaper begins publication.
- 1860
- Druze–Maronite conflict.
- Sursock House built.
- 1866 - Syrian Protestant College established.
- 1868 - Archaeological Museum of the American University of Beirut established.
- 1875
- Saint Joseph University founded.
- Thamarāt al-funūn newspaper begins publication.[3]
- 1877 - Lisan al-Hal newspaper begins publication.[3]
- 1883 - Hôtel-Dieu de France founded.
- 1888 - Beirut was made capital of a vilayet (governorate) in Syria,[37] including the sanjaks (prefectures) Latakia, Tripoli, Beirut, Acre and Bekaa.
- 1894 - Saint George Maronite Cathedral and Harbor constructed.[1]
- 1895 - Railway completed "across the Lebanon to Damascus."[1]
- 1898 - Population: 120,000 (approximate).[4]
20th century
1900s-1960s
- 1902 - al-Iqbāl newspaper begins publication.[3]
- 1907
- Railway to Aleppo completed.[1]
- René Moawad Garden established.
- Baidaphon (record label) in business (approximate date).[5]
- 1916 - Place des Canons renamed Martyrs' Square.
- 1920 - Beirut Stock Exchange founded.
- 1920 - 1 September: Lebanon Republic (Greater Lebanon) proclaimed a state.
- 1921 - Beirut Traders Association founded.[6]
- 1924 - Al Joumhouria newspaper begins publication.
- 1925
- National Conservatory of Music established.[5]
- Maghen Abraham Synagogue built.
- 1927 - American Junior College for Women opens in Ras Beirut.
- 1933
- Parliament of Lebanon building erected.
- An-Nahar newspaper begins publication.[3]
- L'Orient newspaper begins publication.
- 1934 - Population: 162,000 (approximate).[7]
- 1936 - Kamel Abbas Hamieh takes office as Governor of Beirut.
- 1937
- Académie libanaise des beaux-arts founded.
- Ararad newspaper begins publication.
- Zartonk newspaper begins publication.
- 1938 - Al Akhbar newspaper begins publication.
- 1941 - Eastern Times newspaper begins publication.[3]
- 1942 - National Museum of Beirut opens.
- 1943 - Beirut becomes capital city of independent Lebanon.
- 1946
- Nicolas Rizk takes office as Governor of Beirut.
- Al-Hayat newspaper begins publication.
- 1950 - Population: 181,271.[8]
- 1951 - Lebanese University and Lycée Franco-Libanais Verdun founded.
- 1952
- George Assi takes office as Governor of Beirut.
- The Daily Star newspaper begins publication.
- 1954 - Beirut Rafic Hariri International Airport opens.
- 1956 - Bachour Haddad takes office as Governor of Beirut.
- 1957 - Camille Chamoun Sports City Stadium opens.
- 1959
- Télé Liban (television) begins broadcasting.[9]
- Philip Boulos takes office as Governor of Beirut.
- Al Anwar newspaper begins publication.
- 1960
- Beirut Arab University established.
- Emile Yanni takes office as Governor of Beirut.
- 1961
- Orient-Institut Beirut established.
- Sursock Museum and Phoenicia Beirut Hotel open.
- 1963 - Gallery One (cultural space) opens.[10]
- 1964 - Saint Nicolas Garden opens.
- 1966 - Al Ahed football team established, headquartered in Beirut.
- 1967 - Chafik Abou Haydar takes office as Governor of Beirut.
- 1968 - "Israel raids Beirut airport."[11]
1970s-1990s
- 1970 - L'Orient Le Jour newspaper begins publication.
- 1972 - Manoukian Center established.[10]
- 1973 - Holiday Inn in business.[12]
- 1974 - As-Safir newspaper begins publication.
- 1975
- April: Lebanese Civil War begins.[11]
- Green Line established between mainly Muslim factions in West Beirut and the Christian Lebanese Front in East Beirut.
- Centre for Arab Unity Studies founded.[13]
- 1976 - al-Murābiṭ newspaper begins publication.[3]
- 1977 - Mitri El Nammar takes office as Governor of Beirut.
- 1978 - Syrian siege of Achrafiyeh, the main Christian district of Beirut.
- 1982
- Israeli invasion.
- 14 September: Bachir Gemayel assassinated.
- 1983 - French and US barracks bombed.
- 1986 - Centre de Documentation et de Recherches Arabes Chretiennes founded.[14]
- 1987 - George Smaha takes office as Governor of Beirut.
- 1988 - Ad-Diyar newspaper begins publication.
- 1989 - Lebanese Center for Policy Studies headquartered in city.[13]
- 1990 - Solidere (redevelopment company) and Center for Strategic Studies Research and Documentation[13] founded.
- 1991 - Al Manar TV begins broadcasting.
- 1992 - Nayef Al Maaloof takes office as Governor of Beirut
- 1993
- B 018 nightclub opens.
- Future Television begins broadcasting.
- 1994 - Souk el-Tayeb farmer's market opens.[15]
- 1995 - Nicolas Saba takes office as Governor of Beirut
- 1997
- Arab Image Foundation established.[16]
- Camille Chamoun Sports City Stadium rebuilt.
- 1999
- Yaacoub Sarraf takes office as Governor of Beirut.
- Planet Discovery children's museum inaugurated.
- Lebanese National Symphony Orchestra and Al-Kafaàt University founded.
21st century
2000s
- 2000 - Museum of Lebanese Prehistory established.
- 2001 - Beirut International Exhibition & Leisure Center opens.
- 2003
- Beirut Marathon begins.
- Music Hall opens.
- Al-Balad newspaper begins publication.
- 2004
- 2005
- Cedar Revolution
- Nassif Kaloosh takes office as Governor of Beirut
- Ya Libnan news website launched.
- 2006
- Political protests
- Robert Mouawad Private Museum opens.
- Sister city relationship established with Los Angeles, USA.[20]
- 2007 - Mohammad Al-Amin Mosque built.
- 2008 - Platinum Tower built.
- 2009
- Beirut Art Center opens.[16]
- Beirut Souks and Le Gray hotel in business.[15]
2010s
- 2010
- Bilal Hamad becomes mayor.
- Four Seasons Hotel Beirut opens.[21]
- 2011
- Political protests
- Zaitunay Bay pedestrian area opens.[22]
- 2012
- Violent unrest related to Syrian uprising.
- Al-Mayadeen television begins broadcasting.[23]
- 19 October: Bombing in Achrafieh.
- 2013
- 9 July: Bombing in Bir el-Abed.
- 15 August: Bombing.
- 19 November: Iranian embassy bombings.
- 27 December: Bombing.
- 2015
See also
References
- 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 "Beirut", Encyclopaedia Britannica (11th ed.), New York, 1910, OCLC 14782424
- 1 2 Benjamin Vincent (1910). "Beyrout". Haydn's Dictionary of Dates (25th ed.). London: Ward, Lock & Co.
- 1 2 3 4 5 6 OCLC. "WorldCat". Retrieved 11 June 2012.
- ↑ Palestine and Syria, Karl Baedeker, Leipzig, 1898
- 1 2 Ali Jihad Racy (1986). "Words and Music in Beirut: A Study of Attitudes". Ethnomusicology. 30. JSTOR 851587.
- ↑ "Beirut Traders Association". Retrieved 14 June 2012.
- ↑ Mittelmeer, Karl Baedeker, Leipzig, 1934
- ↑ The Columbia Encyclopedia, CUP, New York, 1950
- ↑ Europa World Year Book 2004. Europa Publications. ISBN 978-1-85743-255-8.
- 1 2 Sarah Rogers (2008). "Producing the Local: The Visual Arts in Beirut". Middle East Studies Association Bulletin. 42. JSTOR 23063538.
- 1 2 "Chronology of Key Events". Lebanon Profile. BBC News. Retrieved 11 June 2012.
- ↑ "A history of cities in 50 buildings", The Guardian, UK, 2015
- 1 2 3 "Think Tank Directory". Philadelphia: Foreign Policy Research Institute. Retrieved 19 November 2013.
- ↑ Sara Scalenghe and Nadya Sbaiti (2003). "Conducting Research in Lebanon: An Overview of Historical Sources in Beirut". Middle East Studies Association Bulletin. 37. JSTOR 23063088.
- 1 2 M. Egan (28 March 2010). "The Scene- Beirut". New York Times.
- 1 2 "Lebanon". Art Spaces Directory. New York: New Museum. Retrieved 19 November 2013.
- ↑ Lara Deeb and Mona Harb (2007). "Sanctioned Pleasures: Youth, Piety and Leisure in Beirut". Middle East Report (245). JSTOR 25164816.
- ↑ Mona Khechen (2007). "Beyond the Spectacle: Al-Saha Village, Beirut". Traditional Dwellings and Settlements Review. International Association for the Study of Traditional Environments. 19 – via University of California, Berkeley.
- ↑ Lara Deeb; Mona Harb (2013). Leisurely Islam: Negotiating Geography and Morality in Shi'ite South Beirut. Princeton University Press. ISBN 978-1-4008-4856-0.
- ↑ "Sister Cities of Los Angeles". USA: City of Los Angeles. Retrieved December 2015. Check date values in:
|access-date=(help) - ↑ S. Sherwood (29 April 2010). "36 Hours in Beirut". New York Times.
- ↑ R. Doyle (17 February 2012). "In Beirut, the Zaitunay Bay Promenade Opens". New York Times.
- ↑ "New pan-Arab satellite channel hopes to counter Al-Jazeera's Arab Spring coverage". Washington Post. Associated Press. 11 June 2012.
This article incorporates information from the French Wikipedia.
Further reading
- Published in the 19th century
- John Macgregor (1844). "Syria and Palestine: Beyrout". Commercial Statistics. London: C. Knight and Co.
- "Beyrout", Cook's Tourists' Handbook for Palestine and Syria, London: T. Cook & Son, 1876
- Èmile Isambert (1881). "Beyrout". Itinéraire descriptif, historique et archéologique de l'Orient. Guides Joanne (in French). 3: Syrie, Palestine.
- R. Lambert Playfair (1892), "Beyrout", Handbook to the Mediterranean (3rd ed.), London: John Murray
- "Beirut", Handbook for Travellers in Syria and Palestine (3rd ed.), Leipsig: K. Baedeker, 1898
- Published in the 20th century
- Mona Takieddin Amyuni (1987). "The Image of the City: Wounded Beirut". Alif: Journal of Comparative Poetics (7). JSTOR 521854. — literary criticism
- Dona J. Stewart (1996). "Economic Recovery and Reconstruction in Postwar Beirut". Geographical Review. 86. JSTOR 215929.
- Saree Makdisi (1997). "Laying Claim to Beirut: Urban Narrative and Spatial Identity in the Age of Solidere". Critical Inquiry. 23. JSTOR 1344040.
- Projecting Beirut. 1998.
- Published in the 21st century
- C. Edmund Bosworth, ed. (2007). "Beirut". Historic Cities of the Islamic World. Leiden: Koninklijke Brill. p. 53+. ISBN 9004153888.
- Michael R.T. Dumper; Bruce E. Stanley, eds. (2008), "Beirut", Cities of the Middle East and North Africa, Santa Barbara, USA: ABC-CLIO, p. 82+, ISBN 9781576079201
- Joe Nasr; Eric Verdeil (2008). "Reconstructions of Beirut". The City in the Islamic World. Leiden: Koninklijke Brill. p. 1115+. ISBN 9004171681 – via HAL, Centre pour la communication scientifique directe, France.
- Gerhard Böwering, ed. (2013). "Beirut". Princeton Encyclopedia of Islamic Political Thought. Princeton University Press. ISBN 0-691-13484-7.
External links
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- Fulltext articles related to Beirut (via HAL, Centre pour la communication scientifique directe, France)
- ArchNet. "Beirut".
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