Thyroidectomy

Thyroidectomy
Intervention

Thyroid Surgery
ICD-9-CM 06.3-06.5
MeSH D013965

A thyroidectomy is an operation that involves the surgical removal of all or part of the thyroid gland. Head and Neck or Endocrine Surgeons often perform a thyroidectomy when a patient has thyroid cancer or some other condition of the thyroid gland (such as hyperthyroidism) or goiter. Other indications for surgery include cosmetic (very enlarged thyroid), or symptomatic obstruction (causing difficulties in swallowing or breathing). Thyroidectomy is a common surgical procedure that has several potential complications or sequelae including: temporary or permanent change in voice, temporary or permanently low calcium, need for lifelong thyroid hormone replacement, bleeding, infection, and the remote possibility of airway obstruction due to bilateral vocal cord paralysis. Complications are uncommon when the procedure is performed by an experienced surgeon.

The thyroid produces several hormones, such as thyroxine (T4), triiodothyronine (T3), and calcitonin.

After the removal of a thyroid, patients usually take a prescribed oral synthetic thyroid hormone - levothyroxine (Synthroid) - to prevent hypothyroidism.

Less extreme variants of thyroidectomy include:

A "thyroidectomy" should not be confused with a "thyroidotomy" ("thyrotomy"), which is a cutting into (-otomy) the thyroid, not a removal (-ectomy) of it. A thyroidotomy can be performed to get access for a median laryngotomy, or to perform a biopsy. (Although technically a biopsy involves removing some tissue, it is more frequently categorized as an -otomy than an -ectomy because the volume of tissue removed is minuscule.)

Traditionally, the thyroid has been removed through a neck incision that leaves a permanent scar. More recently, minimally invasive and "scarless" approaches such as transoral thyroidectomy have become popular in some parts of the world.

Indications

Types of Thyroidectomy

A lobectomy of the thyroid gland
A total thyroidectomy

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Complications

Illustrative complication rates outside of the US and Western Europe: - Study from Uzbekistan.[5]

See also

References

  1. Mathur AK; GM Doherty (2010). "Ch. 1: Thyroidectomy and Neck Dissection". In Minter RM; GM Doherty. Current Procedures: Surgery. New York: McGraw-Hill.
  2. Dr. Gianlorenzo Dionigi, Francesca Rovera, Luigi Boni, Patrizia Castano, and Renzo Dionigi. Surgical Infections. Summer 2006, 7(supplement 2): s-117-s-120. http://online.liebertpub.com/doi/abs/10.1089/sur.2006.7.s2-117
  3. Elfenbein, Dawn M.; Schneider, David F.; Chen, Herbert; Sippel, Rebecca S. (2014-07-01). "Surgical site infection after thyroidectomy: a rare but significant complication". The Journal of Surgical Research. 190 (1): 170–176. doi:10.1016/j.jss.2014.03.033. ISSN 1095-8673. PMID 24739508.
  4. Identifying preoperative risk factors for surgical wound infections in clean cases, retrieved 2016-10-30
  5. http://www.jaypeejournals.com/eJournals/ShowText.aspx?ID=1399&Type=FREE&TYP=TOP&IN=~/eJournals/images/JPLOGO.gif&IID=118&isPDF=YES

External links

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