Thomas Howard, 3rd Earl of Effingham
| Thomas Howard | |
|---|---|
| Earl of Effingham | |
| Spouse(s) | Catherine Proctor |
|
Issue
none | |
| Noble family | House of Howard-Effingham |
| Father | Thomas Howard, 2nd Earl of Effingham |
| Mother | Elizabeth Beckford |
| Born | 13 January 1746 |
| Died | 19 November 1791 (aged 45) |
Lieutenant-Colonel Thomas Howard, 3rd Earl of Effingham PC (13 January 1746 – 19 November 1791), styled Lord Howard until 1763, was a British nobleman and Army officer, the son of Thomas Howard, 2nd Earl of Effingham.
He is best known for resigning his commission in protest against the war against the American colonies.[1][2] This widely reported act was commemorated by the American colonists in the naming of a galley in 1775, and later the frigate USS Effingham in 1777 - as well as in the naming of Effingham, New Hampshire, Effingham County, Georgia and Effingham County, Illinois.
He died at the age of 45, while serving as Governor of Jamaica, a month and five days after his wife, leaving no heir. His title passed to his brother Richard.
During the events leading up to the American Revolution, the Earl was neither a Patriot or a Loyalist, he was a Neutralist; he was not on either side. The Earl of Effingham disliked both sides: the royal government for taxing, and the colonists for rebelling. Howard believed that the conflicts had a negative impact on Great Britain and the colonies. He was devoted to his King and country, and was willing to lose his life while protecting the realm from attack.
References
- ↑ "The Lords Effingham and the American colonies:, 1976, Hilda Engbring Feldhake.
- ↑ "THE AMERICAN REVOLUTION, INCLUDING ALSO THE BEAUTIES OF AMERICAN HISTORY"
| Government offices | ||
|---|---|---|
| Preceded by Alured Clarke |
Governor of Jamaica 1790–1791 |
Succeeded by Adam Williamson |
| Political offices | ||
| Preceded by The Earl of Scarbrough |
Deputy Earl Marshal 1777–1782 |
Succeeded by Earl of Surrey |
| Preceded by Viscount Cranborne |
Treasurer of the Household 1782–1783 |
Succeeded by Charles Francis Greville |
| Preceded by Hon. Charles Cadogan |
Master of the Mint 1784–1789 |
Succeeded by The Earl of Chesterfield |
| Peerage of England | ||
| Preceded by Thomas Howard |
Earl of Effingham 1763–1791 |
Succeeded by Richard Howard |